【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-9】

srafcatt

纠错：第34题我选C了，开始特别委屈，不选C 选谁呀。
 A 对是因为既然老药限价，那么药品开发商开发新药，新药可以随意涨价，因此政府失算了。
C 错是因为问题的中心问的是为什么政府的计划失算了？不是问为什么医药开发商的利润又涨了？政府很高兴医药开发商的利润增长，但是不能危害百姓利益。不是不愿意看见其利润增长。搞懂这个之后，C 其实是一个答非所问的无关选项。

hanhan1991

1.weaken
1)time:35'/1''17'
2)logical lines:
Background:The five senses of people are believed to be  distinct from one the another.
Premise:Some people taste a banana and claim they are testing blue or see a color and say that it has a specific smell.
Conclusion: The senses of these people are overlapped.
3)Predication:
If these people can not distinguish the real sense they feel, in other words they may feel the sense of tasty as blue, the conclusion can be weakened.
4)Answer:A
A.correct. the phynomenon can be explained by their inability to use and understand words rather than the overlapped sense.
B.other sense is irrelevant.
C.how the sense is overlap is irrelevant.
D.how the phemonon is described is irrelevant.
E.how to rid of the synesthetic experience is irrelevant.

2.must be true
1)time:39'/57'
logical lines:
Fact1:After hatching, a caterpillar climbs upward -> this is explained by biologist that the animal's innate tendency to move in the direction opposite to the pull of gravity.
Fact2:When a strong light source is put at the bottom of the tree, the caterpillar climb downward.
3)Prediction:
The caterpillar's moving direction is affected by the source of light rather than the pull of gravity.
4)Answer:C
A.it opposites to the fact2.
B.unable to see in the dark does not mentioned.
C.it is the same as the prediction.
D.it can not be inferred.
E.it can not be inferred.

3.explain
1)time:39'/1''14'
2) :
Backgrounder capital expenditure on prescreption drugs in V rose at a dramatic rate.
Fact: The minister prohibit drug manufacturer from rasing any of their products's price.
Paradoxer capital expenditure on prescription drugs contine to increase by a substantial percentage.
3)Prediction:
If drug manufacturers invent many news drugs of high price and these drugs are prescribed by doctors , the paradox can be explained.
4)Answewr:A
A. it is similar to the predication.
B.The population is irrelevant.
C.the profits level of manufacturer is irrelevant.
D.it aggravate the paradox.
E.it is irrelevant.

4.explain
1)time:27'/52'
2)
Factaintings of gaint deer had a large hump on its back.
Paradox:Fossils of the animal do not contain such hump though the painting are acurate.
3)Prediction:
Gain deer has hump but it fossil does not have, so the hump can not exsit in the form in the fossil.
4)Answer:C
A.this aggravate the paradox.
B.irrelevant.
C.the same as prediction
D.irrelevant.
E.this aggravate the paradox.

5.strengthen
1)time:33'/1''33'
2)logical lines:
Objective:To increase its profits
Plan:Outsourcing its business to independent suppliers with lower costs.
3)Prediction:
If outsourcing can make the company gain at least as much revenue as it does the business by itself, the plan will succeed.
4)Answer:E
A.irrelevant,since we only concern about the outsourcing part.
B.irrelevant.
C.it weakens the argument.
D.how to select is irrelevant.
E.it say the advantage of outsourcing thus strengthen the argument.

zxppx

9. The five senses have traditionally been viewed as
distinct yet complementary. Each sense is thought to
have its own range of stimuli that are incapable of
stimulating the other senses. However, recent
research has discovered that some people taste a
banana and claim that they are tasting blue, or see a
color and say that it has a specific smell. This shows
that such people, called synesthesiacs, have senses
that do not respect the usual boundaries between the
five recognized senses.

Please note that the irrational behavior is related to the ability to use and understand words. The reason why I do wrong is that I overlook the meaning of the sentence, just thinking that if a person taste something, he or she cannot talk at the same time.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
seriously weakens the argument?

(A) Synesthesiacs demonstrate a general,
systematic impairment in their ability to use
and understand words.

Even though we can see the impairment in their ability to use and understand words, the answer choice does not provide explanations to weaken the argument, considering their ability to feel smell while see a color.

The argument needs to demonstrate that the phenomenon which happens to synesthesiacs cannot weaken the common belief that the five senses are distinct yet complementary. So if synesthesiacs have an impairment in their ability to use and understand words, the facts that they taste a banana and claim that they are tasting blue, and that they see a color and say that it has a specific smell, may be not the reflection that they actually feel, but the reflection that they inaccurately response. So in this case, it does undermine the conclusion that the senses of synesthesiacs do overlap.
(B) Recent evidence strongly suggests that there
are other senses besides sight, touch, smell,
hearing, and taste.

The answer choice cannot weaken the argument, because the other senses besides the five senses are irrelevant.
(C) The particular ways in which sensory
experiences overlap in synesthesiacs follow a
definite pattern.

If the answer is true, it helps to demonstrate although synesthesiacs can feel other senses while contact one object, these senses are still distinct, considering the overlap of senses. BA

Actually, this choice strengthens the argument by pointing out that the particular ways follow a definite pattern.
(D) The synesthetic phenomenon has been
described in the legends of various cultures.

Even though the synesthetic phenomenon has been viewed as legends of various cultures, it still can happen so as to strengthen the argument, rather than weaken.
(E) Synesthesiacs can be temporarily rid of their
synesthetic experiences by the use of drugs.

There is no relationship with the way to temporarily get rid of the synesthetic experiences.





33. (31934-!-item-!-188;#058&005658)
When a caterpillar emerges from the egg on a tree branch, it immediately climbs upward until it finds a leaf bud to eat. Biologists thought that this behavior displayed an innate tendency to move in the direction opposite to the pull of gravity. In a recent experiment, a strong light source was placed at the bottom of a tree, and caterpillars, after hatching, climbed downward.
Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the statements given?
(A) Caterpillars have an innate tendency to move in the direction of gravity.

Although it is one of the hypotheses referred in the argument, it is not the one that can be best supported by the statements given.
(B) Newly hatched caterpillars are unable to see in the dark.

Nothing provided can demonstrate the choice.
(C) Newly hatched caterpillars move towards the strongest light source in the environment.

Firstly, biologists assume that the gravity can influence. Then, after the strong light experiment, they find that the answer choice can be more accurately demonstrated. BA
(D) Newly hatched caterpillars move toward the leaf bud nearest to them.

The same to B.
(E) The eyes of newly hatched caterpillars become less sensitive to light over time.

It has the opposite conclusion with the experiment referred.



34. (31982-!-item-!-188;#058&005681)
For several years, per capita expenditure on prescription drugs in Voronia rose by fifteen percent or more annually. In order to curb these dramatic increases, the ministry of health prohibited drug manufacturers from raising any of their products' prices. Even though use of prescription drugs did not expand after this price freeze, per capita expenditure for prescription drugs continued to increase by a substantial percentage each year.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the ministry's action did not achieve its goal?
(A) After price increases were prohibited, drug manufacturers concentrated on producing new medications to replace existing products.

If the answer choice is true, it can help to explain the reason why the ministry’s action did not achieve its goal. Because when drug manufactures cannot increase products’ prices, they will switch from old products to new medications, which can be targeted at higher prices to make more profits. BA
(B) The population of Voronia rose steadily throughout the period.

Although more people there are in Voronia, more total expenditures will the country have. But the argument talks about per capita expenditure, rather than total expenditure.
(C) Improvements in manufacturing processes enabled drug manufacturers to maintain high profit levels on drugs despite the price freeze.

Even though the answer choice is so amazing that many people will choose, it does not catch the nucleus of the argument. Because the argument talks about why per capita expenditure continued to increase while the government has prohibited drug manufactures from arising any of their products’ prices, the answer choice talks about the reason why drug manufactures can still make a high profits during this situation, which has nothing to do with the argument.
(D) In addition to imposing a price freeze, the government encouraged doctors to prescribe generic versions of common drugs instead of the more expensive brand-name versions.

The choice strengthens the contradiction.
(E) After price increases were prohibited, some foreign manufacturers of expensive drugs ceased marketing them in Voronia.

The same to D.

35. (32076-!-item-!-188;#058&006018)
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant deer lived in Ireland about 16,000 years ago. Prehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a large hump on its back. Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump. Nevertheless, there is no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since __________.
(A) some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump

There is no relationship with other animals depicted in the prehistoric cave paintings.
(B) fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France

The comparison does not help to demonstrate the argument.
(C) animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which does not fossilize

If animal humps cannot fossilize, there will not be any fossils of humps, thus helping complete the argument. BA
(D) the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago

It has no relationship with the time of these cave paintings.
(E) only one currently existing species of deer has any anatomical feature that even remotely resembles a hump

Actually, this answer choice weakens the argument.



36. (32124-!-item-!-188;#058&006025)
Outsourcing is the practice of obtaining from an independent supplier a product or service that a company has previously provided for itself. Vernon, Inc., a small manufacturing company that has in recent years experienced a decline in its profits, plans to boost its profits by outsourcing those parts of its business that independent suppliers can provide at lower cost than Vernon can itself.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that Vernon's plan will achieve its goal?
(A) Among the parts of its business that Vernon does not plan to outsource are some that require standards of accuracy too high for most independent suppliers to provide at lower cost than Vernon can.

There is no relationship with the parts that Vernon does not plan to outsource.
(B) Vernon itself acts as an independent supplier of specialized hardware items to certain manufacturers that formerly made those items themselves.

It cannot strengthen the argument, even though we know what Vernon acts to certain manufactures.
(C) Relatively few manufacturers that start as independent suppliers have been able to expand their business and become direct competitors of the companies they once supplied.

The answer choice seems to be valid at first glance, while a more thorough analysis reveals that the choice is questionable. Because the argument refers to the goal that Vernon needs to boost its profits, but the choice talks about the bad effect of outsourcing can be eliminated, the answer cannot support the argument.
(D) Vernon plans to select the independent suppliers it will use on the basis of submitted bids.

The answer still cannot support the argument. What if the bidder cannot produce the parts at a lower cost than Vernon does itself?
(E) Attending to certain tasks that Vernon performs relatively inefficiently has taken up much of the time and effort of top managers whose time would have been better spent attending to Vernon's core business.

In order to make more profits, the managers will spend more time in the core business, thus strengthening the argument. BA

CD用户825193

BTW, 赶脚楼上滴好厉害的说。。。


9. The five senses have traditionally been viewed as
distinct yet complementary. Each sense is thought to
have its own range of stimuli that are incapable of
stimulating the other senses. However, recent
research has discovered that some people taste a
banana and claim that they are tasting blue, or see a
color and say that it has a specific smell. This shows
that such people, called synesthesiacs, have senses
that do not respect the usual boundaries between the
five recognized senses.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
seriously weakens the argument?
   37" (Weak)
P: Traditional view of the five senses is that they are separated form each other.
P: Some people said they see blue or other color when they tast banana.
C: Those people have special connection between diffrent senses.
Pre: It's just imagination, nothing with neuro system.

Answers:
(A) Synesthesiacs demonstrate a general,
systematic impairment in their ability to use
and understand words.
   Irrelevant: it's not about ability to use words.
CORRECT: impairment in the ability to use and understand words -> not a reflection of the real senses they're experience -> still follow the usual boundaries.
(B) Recent evidence strongly suggests that there
are other senses besides sight, touch, smell,
hearing, and taste.
   Irrelevant: other senses is not helpful to the subject (among the five senses)

(C) The particular ways in which sensory
experiences overlap in synesthesiacs follow a
definite pattern.
   Not directly weaken.

(D) The synesthetic phenomenon has been
described in the legends of various cultures.
   Kind of support.

(E) Synesthesiacs can be temporarily rid of their
synesthetic experiences by the use of drugs.
   CORRECT: Those ppl had that experience because of other reason.
"be rid of" = "get rid of"
Totally midunderstood the meaning... this one kinda support the argument.

33. When a caterpillar emerges from the egg on a tree branch, it immediately climbs upward until it finds a leaf bud to eat.  Biologists thought that this behavior displayed an innate tendency to move in the direction opposite to the pull of gravity.  In a recent experiment, a strong light source was placed at the bottom of a tree, and caterpillars, after hatching, climbed downward.
Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the statements given?

26" (Weak / Support)
P: Caterpillar climbs upwards on a tree when it reaches a leave to eat. Scientists thought caterpillar's nature was to against the gravity.
P: In a recent experiment, caterpillar put under the tree went down to the root.
C:
Pre: The caterpillar goes to where the food is.

Answers:(A) Caterpillars have an innate tendency to move in the direction of gravity.
(B) Newly hatched caterpillars are unable to see in the dark.
(C) Newly hatched caterpillars move towards the strongest light source in the environment. CORRECT
(D) Newly hatched caterpillars move toward the leaf bud nearest to them.
(E) The eyes of newly hatched caterpillars become less sensitive to light over time.



34. For several years, per capita expenditure on prescription drugs in Voronia rose by fifteen percent or more annually.  In order to curb these dramatic increases, the ministry of health prohibited drug manufacturers from raising any of their products' prices.  Even though use of prescription drugs did not expand after this price freeze, per capita expenditure for prescription drugs continued to increase by a substantial percentage each year.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the ministry's action did not achieve its goal?


31" (Support)
P: Per capita expenditure for prescription drugs rose annually.
P: Ministry prohibits the drugs manufacturers from increasing the prices,
C: but though the use of prescription drugs didn't expand, the per capita expenditure continues increasing each year.
Pre: less ppl in the area

Answers:
(A) After price increases were prohibited, drug manufacturers concentrated on producing new medications to replace existing products.有关这个选项，纠结了好久才想通：
之前觉得，政府不是限制涨价了么，那么不管新药、旧药，都不应该涨价才对啊。。。
最后想通：特么的药商，不让要涨价，我就生产更贵的新药啊，旧药不涨价了，但是新药虽然与旧药功效一样，但是更贵了啊，其实也就是治疗同样疾病的东西，还是涨价了。。。奸商啊奸商！！！
(B) The population of Voronia rose steadily throughout the period.
(C) Improvements in manufacturing processes enabled drug manufacturers to maintain high profit levels on drugs despite the price freeze.
(D) In addition to imposing a price freeze, the government encouraged doctors to prescribe generic versions of common drugs instead of the more expensive brand-name versions.
(E) After price increases were prohibited, some foreign manufacturers of expensive drugs ceased marketing them in Voronia.
CORRECT? (Not vr sure, but others not make sense.)


35.Which of the following most logically completes the argument?


The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant deer lived in Ireland about 16,000 years ago.  rehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a large hump on its back.  Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump.  Nevertheless, there is no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since __________.

32" (Support)
P: A now-extinct deer was painted having hump on its back.
P: Fossils of the deer doesn't have hump.
Pre: Missing Piece: Hump doesn't last as long as to become fossil.
C: The painting correctly describes the deer.

Answers:
(A) some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump
(B) fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France
(C) animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which does not fossilize
(D) the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago
(E) only one currently existing species of deer has any anatomical feature that even remotely resembles a hump


36.Outsourcing is the practice of obtaining from an independent supplier a product or service that a company has previously provided for itself.  Vernon, Inc., a small manufacturing company that has in recent years experienced a decline in its profits, plans to boost its profits by outsourcing those parts of its business that independent suppliers can provide at lower cost than Vernon can itself.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that Vernon's plan will achieve its goal?

24" (Support)
P: Company X is losing profits.
P: X tries to outsource the parts to other company which has lower cost
C: to increase X's profits.
Pre: Outsourcing doesn't cause extra fee like management fee or quality issue which might lower the market of its products.

Answers:

(A) Among the parts of its business that Vernon does not plan to outsource are some that require standards of accuracy too high for most independent suppliers to provide at lower cost than Vernon can.
(B) Vernon itself acts as an independent supplier of specialized hardware items to certain manufacturers that formerly made those items themselves.
(C) Relatively few manufacturers that start as independent suppliers have been able to expand their business and become direct competitors of the companies they once supplied.
(D) Vernon plans to select the independent suppliers it will use on the basis of submitted bids.
(E) Attending to certain tasks that Vernon performs relatively inefficiently has taken up much of the time and effort of top managers whose time would have been better spent attending to Vernon's core business.

pennyz

1:57s
e
background:the five sense is seperate to each other
premise:there are people who had syne
conclusion:have sense do not respect usual boundary
rephrase:it is actually a disease
(A) Synesthesiacs demonstrate a general, systematic impairment in their ability to use
and understand words.----define wrong,irrelevant
(B) Recent evidence strongly suggests that there are other senses besides sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste.------strengthen
(C) The particular ways in which sensory experiences overlap in synesthesiacs follow a
definite pattern.-------strengthen,because it form the pattern
(D) The synesthetic phenomenon has been described in the legends of various cultures.---irrelevant
(E) Synesthesiacs can be temporarily rid of their synesthetic experiences by the use of drugs.--------it is temporary

pennyz

1:10s
c
phenomenon
if the caterpillar were set on the branch,it climb up to eat the first bud
if the strong light source  were set on the bottom,caterpillar climb downward
3:08
a
aim:to decrease the increase of prescribtion drugs
method:prohibit d m f raising price
phenomenon:no not expand
per unit price increase
reason:?

1:05s
c
a:the other animal has hump is irrelevant/if we have mistaken,too far away
birrelevant
c correct
d time ,irrelevant
e current exist deer ,irrelevant
2:07
e
aim:increase profit
methodutsource the part that cost more for the company
rephrase:it is high cost that cause the decline of the profit

纽约我爱你

1~28s

Premise：1. the five stimulates are not related

2.some people can combine them

Conclusion: these people have other senses other than the usual boundaries among the five

Answer: C 1’13’’

正解：A（我发现看不清出题真的是硬伤，如果读懂了真的还好）

2~38s

Premise: 1.an insect will climb a tree until it finds a leaf and eats it when it is born.

2.when there’s a light source at the bottom of a tree, the insect will climb down

Conclusion: the previous thought that it moves against the gravity is wrong

Supported: it moves towards the light

Answer: C 22’’

3~39s……totally理解错题意了！！！！！

Premise: the government raises the price of a drug（the government forbid the rising of the price of drugs）

Conclusion: the use of the drug per person increases.(although the use of the drugs doesn’t change, the spend on drug per person increases)

Explain: the illegal market of it grows(doctors make other prescriptions to make more profits)

Answer: E 不算时间了吧……大惨败……

什么……竟然选的答案是错的……我屮艸芔茻……

正解是A。难道是说新药的成本贵一些吗……

PS.cease是停止的意思啊姑娘，背背单词再来选吧>_<

4~40s

Premise: 1.the picture of an animal is found in a cave

2.the back of the animal has a horn

3.we have never found such a fossil

Conclusion: we can’t say that the picture is inaccurate

Explain: other strange animals that are pictured on the cave have been found

Answer: C 34’’

5~30s

Premise: a company suffers from a decline in profit

Conclusion: the company prepare to depend something they need on another company which can make it with less money

Support: the company can use the money to make more profitable produces

Answer: E 1’17’’

okplokpl0714

精练：
Five senses distinct yet complementary.
Each sense have own range of stimuli incapable of stimulating the other senses.
BUT!!recent research:taste banana tasting blue;see a color feel specific smell.
This show symesthesiacs have sense not boundaries between senses.
削弱猜测：他因，可能在测试之前没有排除一些因素。
答案看的好累啊。。不懂。。排除一下猜个C吧。。。
果然选错。。好好看分析

逻辑链：
33.
caterpillar emerges-->climbs upward until find leaf bud to eat.
B:this behavior displayed an innate tendency to move in the direction opposite to pull of gravity.
Recent experiment,strong light placed at the bottom--->caterpillars downward.
加强猜测：猜不出来。。。。囧
Answer：E
答案是C

34.
For several years,per capita predrugs in V rose by 15% or more annually.
ministry of health prohibited drug manufacturers from rising any of products' prices to curb increases
though use of predrugs did not expand after prise freeze,per capita expenditure continued to increase
解释猜测：供小于求
Answer：A

35.
E giant deer in I about 16000years ago.
cave paintings in F show giant deer have large hump on back
BUT!!Fossils of giant deer not show any hump.
BUT!!there is no reason to conclude that the cave paintings inaccurate ,since---
解释猜测：化石可能搞错了，有可能是另一个品种的鹿
Answer：C

36.
Outsourcing is ....
VI recent decline in profits,plan to boost by outsourcing suppliers can provide at lower cost than V
加强猜测：V自己做会很费钱
Answer：A
答案是E

Feelalive

留爪印～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～

Mint静默

Bible的题目还真抽象=。=
1) 计时：37s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
The five senses have traditionally been viewed as distinct yet complementary. Each sense is thought to have its own range of stimuli that are incapable of stimulating the other senses.
Premise:
some people taste a banana and claim that they are tasting blue, or see a color and say that it has a specific smell.
Conclusion:
such people, called synesthesiacs, have senses that do not respect the usual boundaries between the five recognized senses.
3) 推测：
选项可能直接反驳结论，证明这些人respect the usual boundaries between the five recognized senses. 或者 说这些人存在的问题其实在另一个方面（它因）
4) 选项分析：
(A) Synesthesiacs demonstrate a general, systematic impairment in their ability to use and understand words. 它因，他们不是分不清senses， 而是词不达意
(B) Recent evidence strongly suggests that there are other senses besides sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste. 脱离样本范围，无关
(C) The particular ways in which sensory experiences overlap in synesthesiacs follow a definite pattern. 与pattern无关
(D) The synesthetic phenomenon has been described in the legends of various cultures. Origins of synesthetic phenomenon无关
(E) Synesthesiacs can be temporarily rid of their synesthetic experiences by the use of drugs. How to solve synesthetic 无关

1) 计时：24s
2) 逻辑链
Premise1:
When a caterpillar emerges from the egg on a tree branch, it immediately climbs upward until it finds a leaf bud to eat.
Premise2:
A strong light source was placed at the bottom of a tree, and caterpillars, after hatching, climbed downward.
3) 推测：
New-born caterpillar was attracted by the strongestlight near it

So C is correct

1) 计时：27s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
For severalyears, per capita expenditure on prescription drugs in Voronia rose by fifteenpercent or more annually.
Premise:
use of prescription drugs did notexpandafter this price freeze
Conclusion X:
per capita expenditure for prescription drugs continued to increase by a substantialpercentage each year.
3) 推测：
use of prescription drugs did notexpand but doctor prescribed more drugs(other reasons)

B is correct

1) 计时：29s
2) 逻辑链
Premise:
Prehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a large hump on its back. Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump.
Conclusion X:
There is no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard,C is correct

1) 计时：18s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
Outsourcing is the practice of obtaining from an independent supplier a product or service that a company has previously provided for itself.
Plan:
outsourcing those parts of its business that independent suppliers can provide at lower cost than Vernon can itself.
Goal:
boost its profits
3) 推测（Support）：
排除outsource可能带来的某一方面成本增加的可能性

E is correct