【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-5】

rachelY

{精练}
5. Politician: All nations that place a high tax on
income produce thereby a negative incentive
for technological innovation, and all nations in
which technological innovation is hampered
inevitably fall behind in the international arms
race. Those nations that, through historical
accident or the foolishness of their political
leadership, wind up in a strategically
disadvantageous position are destined to lose
their voice in world affairs. So if a nation wants
to maintain its value system and way of life, it
must not allow its highest tax bracket to exceed
30 percent of income.
Each of the following, if true, weakens the
politician’s argument EXCEPT:
55’
B:所有对收入征收高税收的国家都会对科技创新产生负面效应，而所有科技创新被阻碍的国家都不可避免的在国际军备竞赛中fall behind。那些（因历史事件或愚蠢的政治领导）卷入策略上不利位置的国家注定会在国际事务上失去话语权。
C：因此，如果一个国家想要维持它有价值的体系和生存方式，必须得阻止highest tax bracket超过收入的30%。
哪个不能削弱
对收入征收高税收→阻碍科技创新→国际军备竞赛落后→a strategically disadvantageous position,lose voice
→威胁value system   

(A) The top level of taxation must reach 45 percent
before taxation begins to deter inventors and
industrialists from introducing new
technologies and industries.当税收达到45%时，开始威慑科技投资，对
(B) Making a great deal of money is an
insignificant factor in driving technological
innovation.钱的数量和科技创新无显著关系，对，第一个
(C) Falling behind in the international arms race
does not necessarily lead to a strategically
less advantageous position.对，第三个
(D) Those nations that lose influence in the world
community do not necessarily suffer from a
threat to their value system or way of life.对，最后一个
(E) Allowing one’s country to lose its
technological edge, especially as concerns
weaponry, would be foolish rather than
merely a historical accident.强调科技的重要性，无关，错


{PREP逻辑链练习}
17.(27669-!-item-!-188;#058&003302)
Urban air contains more sulfur dioxide than does rural air, and plants in cities typically grow more slowly than do plants in rural areas.  In an experiment to see how much of the difference in growth is due to sulfur dioxide, classes in an urban and a rural school grew plants in greenhouses at their schools and filtered the greenhouse air to eliminate sulfur dioxide. Plants in the urban greenhouse grew more slowly than those in the rural greenhouse.
Which of the following, if true, would it be most important to take into account in evaluating the result?
53’
B:城市空气比农村空气含有更多的硫磺气体，并且城市的植物比农场的生长缓慢。
在一个研究how much difference in growth是由硫磺气体引起的实验中，城市和农村的班级将植物放在学校的温室中，并且滤过了温室中的气体来为了消除硫磺气体。
C：城市温室里的植物生长的比农村缓慢很多。
思路：在滤过空气影响的情况下，还是出现了这个现象。说明可能还有别的因素所致这个现象
(A) The urban school was located in a part of the city in which levels of sulfur dioxide in the air were usually far lower than is typical for urban areas.已经滤过了空气了，排
(B) At both schools, the plants in the greenhouses grew much more quickly than did plants planted outdoors in plots near the greenhouses.本题现在探究的是温室里为什么还会出现这个现象，和室外的无关，排
(C) The urban class conducting the experiment was larger than the rural class conducting the experiment.做实验的班级比较，无关
(D) Heavy vehicular traffic such as is found in cities constantly deposits grime on greenhouse windows, reducing the amount of light that reaches the plants inside.他因，城市温室里阳光少。对
(E) Because of the higher levels of sulfur dioxide in the air at the urban school, the air filters for the urban school's greenhouse were changed more frequently than were those at the rural school.过滤的频繁，怎么还生长的缓慢?矛盾啊，排

18.    (27717-!-item-!-188;#058&003330)
Many small roads do not have painted markings along their edges.  Clear edge markings would make it easier for drivers to see upcoming curves and to judge the car's position on the road, particularly when visibility is poor, and would therefore seem to be a useful contribution to road safety.  However, after Greatwater County painted edge markings on all its narrow, winding roads, the annual accident rate along those roads actually increased slightly.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in accident rate?
40’
explain
(A) Greatwater County has an unusually high proportion of narrow, winding roads.
(B) In bad weather it can be nearly as difficult for drivers to see the road as it is at night.
(C) Prior to the painting of the edge markings, Greatwater County's narrow, winding roads already had a somewhat higher accident rate than other Greatwater County roads.
(D) Many of the accidents on narrow, winding roads involve a single vehicle veering off the road, rather than the collision of two vehicles.
(E) After the markings were painted on the roads, many drivers who had gone out of their way to avoid driving on those roads at night no longer did so.对
19.    (27995-!-item-!-188;#058&003473)
Gortland has long been narrowly self-sufficient in both grain and meat. However, as per capita income in Gortland has risen toward the world average, per capita consumption of meat has also risen toward the world average, and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat.  Therefore, since per capita income continues to rise, whereas domestic grain production will not increase, Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
36’
B:G一直在grain和meat自给自足的有限。然而，随着G国人均收入增长到世界水平，人均meat的消费也增长到了世界水平。但生产1 pound meat需要好几pounds 的grain.
C:因此，既然人均收入持续增长，而国内grain产量没有提高。那么，G很快就要进口g或m或两者都要。
Assumption
思路1：只有g能生产出m
2：g的数量不够维持
(A) The total acreage devoted to grain production in Gortland will soon decrease.排
(B) Importing either grain or meat will not result in a significantly higher percentage of Gortlanders' incomes being spent on food than is currently the case.排
(C) The per capita consumption of meat in Gortland is increasing at roughly the same rate across all income levels.消费肉和收入增长，无关
(D) The per capita income of meat producers in Gortland is rising faster than the per capita income of grain producers.卖肉的收入，无关
(E) People in Gortland who increase their consumption of meat will not radically decrease their consumption of grain.取非，g的消费量会大幅度减少，所以有剩余的g去生产m了，对

20.    (28411-!-item-!-188;#058&003617)
For years the beautiful Renaissance buildings in Palitito have been damaged by exhaust from the many tour buses that come to the city.  There has been little parking space, so most buses have idled at the curb路边 during each stop on their tour, and idling produces as much exhaust as driving.  The city has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tour buses, so damage to Palitito's buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminish significantly.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?
35’ 增强
B：P城的许多楼都受到许多tour buses排放的尾气侵害。城市里停车场很少，所以大多数tour buses在stop站时都闲停在路边，并且排放和行驶时一样多的尾气。
C:城市现在提供了停车场，能够容纳1/3的tour buses，所以尾气对P大楼的伤害能显著减少。
    (A) The exhaust from Palitito's few automobiles is not a significant threat to Palitito's buildings.排
(B) Palitito's Renaissance buildings are not threatened by pollution other than engine exhaust.削弱，排
(C) Tour buses typically spend less than one-quarter of the time they are in Palitito transporting passengers from one site to another.削弱-------------正确答案，由于这里没有停车场，人们下车游览时车辆只能idle，idle时排放的尾气和行驶时一样多，为了减少污染政府建了停车场，能容纳3/4的车辆，这样污染将会大幅减少
C ：总时间变少→说明idle的时间变少→放尾气的时间变少 。原文没读懂！！
(D) More tourists come to Palitito by tour bus than by any other single means of transportation.对
(E) Some of the tour buses that are unable to find parking drive around Palitito while their passengers are visiting a site.削弱，排

echo-LUO

精炼：削弱
B:
P: All nations that place a high tax on
income produce thereby a negative incentive
for technological innovation, and all nations in
which technological innovation is hampered
inevitably fall behind in the international arms
race.
C:So if a nation wants
to maintain its value system and way of life, it
must not allow its highest tax bracket to exceed
30 percent of income.
逻辑链：30%税收投入创新，国家强盛——保持高税收
gap：税收不一定用于创新；创新不一定使弱国变强
猜想：钱用到别的地方；有弱国很创新的
D E

1. evaluate
B: In an experiment to see how much of the difference in growth is due to sulfur dioxide, classes in an urban and a rural school grew plants in greenhouses at their schools and filtered the greenhouse air to eliminate sulfur dioxide.
P:
C: Plants in the urban greenhouse grew more slowly than those in the rural greenhouse.
要保持实验的其他变量不变
D

2.
E

3.
B: Gortland has long been narrowly self-sufficient in both grain and meat.
P:  However, as per capita income in Gortland has risen toward the world average, per capita consumption of meat has also risen toward the world average, and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat.  
C: Therefore, since per capita income continues to rise, whereas domestic grain production will not increase, Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both.
猜想虽然肉类生产会使grain需求增加，但其他方面的对于grain的需求不会减少
E

4. 加强
B: There has been little parking space, so most buses have idled at the curb during each stop on their tour, and idling produces as much exhaust as driving.
P:The city has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tour buses
C:so damage to Palitito's buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminish significantly.
D

4.D C
正确率：3/5

gumgum330

精炼
BG:所有进行对收入进行高税收的国家对科技创新有负面作用，所有科技创新受阻的国家最终都会在国际arm比赛中失败
premise：那些国家，通过历史事故或者愚弄政治领导，解散战略劣势的地位最终都是会失去国际事务上的声音
conclusion：因此如果一个国家想要维持现在的价值体系和生活方式，他必须不能允许税收超过收入的百分之三十
简化逻辑链高税收影响科技创新，科技创新落后影响地位。通过愚弄或者历史事故来缓解不利地位最终都会失去voice 因此为了维持价值体系生活方式，不能高税收、
思考方向 可能有什么副作用

(A) The top level of taxation must reach 45 percent
before taxation begins to deter inventors and
industrialists from introducing new
technologies and industries. 税收最高百分之四十五才会影响，所以三十还没有特别大关系 因此削弱
(B) Making a great deal of money is an
insignificant factor in driving technological
innovation.  赚很多的钱是引领科技创新的不重要因素 第一眼看下来 似乎没有特别大关系 hold
(C) Falling behind in the international arms race
does not necessarily lead to a strategically
less advantageous position. 落后于国际ace并不一定会导致战略失去优势地位
(D) Those nations that lose influence in the world
community do not necessarily suffer from a
threat to their value system or way of life. 那些国家失去在世界上的影响力并不一定收到危害他们生活的
(E) Allowing one’s country to lose its
technological edge, especially as concerns
weaponry, would be foolish rather than merely a historical accident. 允许一个国家失去科技优势尤其是那些会是愚蠢的而不仅仅是一个历史事件
感觉综合下来感觉还是E没有weaken 因为B说赚很多的钱不一定就能科技创新 意思就是即便税收不高于30保持低水平 也不一定能够。。
选择E  

gumgum330

BG:城市比农村的空气有更多的s 在城里的植物也比农村地区的长得慢
在一个实验中去观察由于s会引起多大生长差异，在城里的和村里的两个学校在温室里种植物然后过滤空气中的s 发现城里的温室里面的植物长得更慢


(A) The urban school was located in a part of the city in which levels of sulfur dioxide in the air were usually far lower than is typical for urban areas.  成立的学校坐落在比成立普遍含s更少的地方 s已经被过滤了  所以没有关系
(B) At both schools, the plants in the greenhouses grew much more quickly than did plants planted outdoors in plots near the greenhouses. 在两所学校，植物都比外面的植物长得快 也没有关系
(C) The urban class conducting the experiment was larger than the rural class conducting the experiment.
(D) Heavy vehicular traffic such as is found in cities constantly deposits grime on greenhouse windows, reducing the amount of light that reaches the plants inside. 城里交通尾气太多影响植物光合作用 可以这是一个变量
(E) Because of the higher levels of sulfur dioxide in the air at the urban school, the air filters for the urban school's greenhouse were changed more frequently than were those at the rural school. 因为s含量不同，城里的空气过滤比村里的更频繁  过滤和实验结果没有关系
综合选D

bg:\许多小路没有在边缘上画markings 干净清楚的marking会使得司机更容易看到过来的curve和判断汽车在路上的位置尤其是在可是性差的时候 因此这看起来是有助于马路安全的
result：结果画了marking在它的狭小路上。事故却稍微多了起来
presume：因为有了这个marking 所以司机更加不注意了 就是方案的副作用
M可以降低事故但是画了M之后，事故更多了
(A) Greatwater County has an unusually high proportion of narrow, winding roads. 这个地方有非常多这种小路 那么画marking可能会降低事故而不是增加无法解释
(B) In bad weather it can be nearly as difficult for drivers to see the road as it is at night.坏天气使得司机看路的状况与晚上一样  和逻辑链无关
(C) Prior to the painting of the edge markings, Greatwater County's narrow, winding roads already had a somewhat higher accident rate than other Greatwater County roads.在画M之前G的小路本来就比另一些路事故率高 这也和逻辑链无关 你事故率高 我花了m还是没能降低  我要的是和自己比 而不是和他人比
(D) Many of the accidents on narrow, winding roads involve a single vehicle veering off the road, rather than the collision of two vehicles. 许多事故发生在小鹿的是一个车倾覆而不是两车相撞 也没能解释 这是事故分类 与事故发生率搭不上关系
(E) After the markings were painted on the roads, many drivers who had gone out of their way to avoid driving on those roads at night no longer did so.在画M之后那些避免在这些路上开车的司机不在这么做了 对的 本来很谨慎的 现在我放松了警惕 很容易GG

BG：G这个地方一直以来是自给自足肉和谷物。然而人均收入在G开始增加，每人关于肉的消费也增加并且花费好几棒谷物去生产一磅肉
premise：人均收入继续升高但是谷物生产不会增加
conclusion：G不久将会进口肉或者谷物或者都进口
逻辑链 收入up 肉消费up grain不变 ---因此要进口grain或者肉
   我可以少吃点grain来产生肉麻  这样就不会需要进口啦


(A) The total acreage devoted to grain production in Gortland will soon decrease. 种地面积不久就会减少 那么每亩产量可以增加咩?
(B) Importing either grain or meat will not result in a significantly higher percentage of Gortlanders' incomes being spent on food than is currently the case.进口谷物或者肉并不会导致收入在这些花费上的比例比以前更多 没关系
(C) The per capita consumption of meat in Gortland is increasing at roughly the same rate across all income levels. 肉的消费增长和收入增加差不多没有关系
(D) The per capita income of meat producers in Gortland is rising faster than the per capita income of grain producers.  无关
(E) People in Gortland who increase their consumption of meat will not radically decrease their consumption of grain. bingo 如果不减少grain 才需要进口 grain=吃掉的+生产meat

BG:文艺复兴建筑在P被许多导游车的尾气所损害 停车的地方很少所以很多旅游车在每次旅游景点附近闲逛释放出与驾驶相当的尾气
plan：提供能够满足三分之一旅游车数量的park
conclusion：来自bus的尾气对p的建筑的损害会大幅度消失
逻辑链： 没有停车场，bus闲逛释放很多尾气，提出建停车场，所以来自bbus尾气的危害会大量减少 评估方案 一定要抓住方案
加强，bus的尾气对建筑物损害很大
(A) The exhaust from Palitito's few automobiles is not a significant threat to Palitito's buildings. 来自汽车的尾气对建筑的损害不是很严重 这里要评估的提供停车场使得bus对建筑物的尾气损害减少
(B) Palitito's Renaissance buildings are not threatened by pollution other than engine exhaust.p的建筑并没有受到来自引擎尾气以外的威胁 这个和方案无关
(C) Tour buses typically spend less than one-quarter of the time they are in Palitito transporting passengers from one site to another. 旅游车花费四分之一的时间在旅游交通上从一边倒另一边 binggo 是有四分之一的时候用来摆渡 其余时间就是idle 那么建立停车场就可以啦
(D) More tourists come to Palitito by tour bus than by any other single means of transportation. 更多的游客来p通过bus比其他交通多 无关
(E) Some of the tour buses that are unable to find parking drive around Palitito while their passengers are visiting a site.   some一些 以偏概全no

喜皮

1.--->49s超时
premise:if want to mantain its value system and way of life
conclusion:they should not raise tax exceed 30% of income
bg info:tax increase--->tech low level--->weak arm--->lose voice in the world
prephrase:weaken except--->conditional conclusion. do not raise have an effect/the logics is correct and the selection's arrangement should be the same as above

Asupport+irrelevent.right
Bweaken.against the fact
Cweaken.against the fact
Dweaken.against the fact
Eirrelevent
OA:E
1. A选项是weaken，选项没读懂。因为E是纯无关项，所以E是对的
2. weaken except题：
Thequestion stem is a WeakenX, which means that four of the answers will weakenthe argument and the one correct answer will either have no effect on the argument or will strengthen the argument.
3. 在这里还弄混了premise和bg info，tax increase那块已经是premise的部分了，所以不算against the fact

云栈

1.50s
P: 所有收税高的国家都会影响科技改革，科技改革会影响国际武装力量。由于历史事故或政治领导的愚蠢行径处于战略上不利地位的国家注定会在世界事务中失去发言权
C: 如果一个国家想要保持他们的value system和生活方式，他们必须要保持tax不超过30%。
推测：与argument无关或者strengthen argument
选项分析：A
A:  反驳了conclusion所需要的条件
B：反驳了premise
C：attach premise
D: 同C
E: 没有攻击argument

2.43s
P：urban air比rural air含有更多的sulfur dioxide，urban的植物比rural的涨的慢
P: 实验想要看到sulfur能有多影响植物生长，就分别在greenhouse种植物，并且过滤掉greenhouse中的sulfur dioxide。
C: urban的植物长得比rural的慢
推测：除了sulfur dioxide，其他的因素都保持不变的
选项分析：D

3.        24s
B：很多小路没有路标。
P：路标可以帮人看清其他车和路。尤其是在视野不好的时候。
P: 一个county在路上花了路标
C: 车祸率提高了
推测：划路标带来了其他不好的影响，比如让人放松警惕
选项：E

4.        34s
P: G的粮食和肉本来是自给自足的，但是人均收入提高后，肉量消耗增大，几磅grain可以生产一磅肉
C: 既然人均收入增高，grain产量不增加，G将很快还是进口grain或者肉或者both
推测：grain的消耗没有降低，或者降低不大
选项分析：E

5.        43s
B：building被过多的旅游巴士的排气破坏了
P： 停车位很少，所以很多大巴在停车站前停靠，这导致更多的排气
C: 城市决定提供更多的解决1/3的大巴停车位，所以尾气导致的破坏将会消失
推测：更多停车位不会吸引更多的大巴；大巴找停车位的时候排放的尾气是最主要的原因。
选项分析：        C

galya

认真阅读题目，看完全部5个选项，除了E，其他4个都是有weaken的，觉得奇怪 ，再看题目

大家能够走到一起不容易，看到越来越多的朋友都加入进来了真的挺开心的，我们一起努力攻破G/T~~

Each of the following, if true, weakens the
politician’s argument EXCEPT:

EXCEPT---哦~果断选E