【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-2】

玛德滞涨

1.switch from the old to the new
   suffocation will be eliminated
undermine: disadvantage
                    how about no sunlight and within the three days?
              D

CORRECT E 属于switch过后的副作用
  而D during shipping不disintegrate是没有关系的

2.tiger sharks hurt tourism industry  HELP THE ECONOMY
  so government plans to kill them within a mile of the beaches
undermine:disadvantage
                  not available  
                  not effective
   D

3.sell by lower cost k apple to replace the E apple
  undermine: not effective
                     nobody cares about the cost
E    E seller can fix out the solution to lower cost problem

4. move the station form high-rent place to lower one.
    it helps pay for …
support  no disadvantage
             available and effective
  B   no disadvantages—effective to run the train route as usual


5. fewest injuries—safest
undermine: 样本比较不同 本来就在更安全的环境或者条件下运行
                    其他因素造成的 （反例）
injuries/ accident    if accident really big

C

Geranium_Bayy

1、Beverage company representative: The plastic rings that hold six-packs of beverage cans together pose a threat to wild animals, which often become entangled in the discarded rings and suffocate as a result. Following our lead, all beverage companies will soon use only those rings consisting of a new plastic that disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to sunlight. Once we all complete the switch over from the old to the new plastic rings, therefore, the threat of suffocation （这个单词很重要）that plastic rings pose to wild animals will be eliminated.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the representative’s argument?  
31’’ 逻辑链：plastic rings 会给野生动物带来威胁。所以公司要使用一种新的plastic ，这个plastic可以三天之后降解。当我们把旧的塑料袋转换成新的塑料袋，野生动物的威胁就会少很多。
削弱：1、就算能自动降解，可是降解后产生的废气还是会对野生动物造成威胁。（或者有什么问题会使得降解不成功/不完全）
2、有其他更好的替代办法（没有上一个削弱强烈。还是不能否认如果转换成这种方法可以减少威胁。）
(A) The switch over to the new plastic rings will take at least two more years to complete. 无关。还是不能否认new method 是可以成功的
(B) After the beverage companies have switched over to the new plastic rings, a substantial number of the old plastic rings will persist in most aquatic and woodland environments. correct
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less expensive than the old rings. 无关。文中没有提到价格
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate during shipping of beverage six-packs because most trucks that transport canned beverages protect their cargo from sunlight. 文中加了限定词：During shipping
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into substances that are harmful to aquatic animals when ingested in substantial quantities by them. 这里说的是ingested，不是削弱结论。
（借用别人的：仔细看了bible，悟了。。FOCUS ON THE CONCLUSION
B:conclusion说的是threat from plastic rings会减少，而不是threat from NEW plastic rings会减少，所以这里的threat=old+new！！！
E：这是个shell game。还是因为对conclusion不细致，the conclusion is specifically about suffocation, and the answer E doesn't address suffocation.）

2、Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island.  Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.  This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.  In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly calls into question the likelihood that implementation of the mayor's proposal will have the desired consequence?
22’’逻辑链：虎鲨有的时候会袭击游客。这种行为已经伤害到了旅游业。旅游业仅仅次于渔业。为了提升经济，应该向一公里内的虎鲨杀害。
分析/削弱：文中提到了渔业，但是似乎渔业好像和逻辑链并无关联。但是逻辑题里的每句话都是重要的，所以我推测，答案很可能是和渔业有关系。比如这样的做法会伤害渔业，因此就不能提升经济了。
(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists. 无关
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.无关
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions. 无关
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries. Correct kill虎鲨会导致small sharks增加，而small sharks 增加会导致fishes 减少。
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing. 无关

3、The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.  Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
36’’ 逻辑链：E国苹果很少进口因为他们偏爱自己国家的苹果。而K国准备出口一批苹果到E国，价格是当地苹果的一半。他们想通过这种低价的可选择方式来获利。
削弱：1、E国人民根本不看重钱
2、E国人民只吃当地生产的水果
3、E国和K国竞争，K国吃力不讨好
(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties. 无关/有点加强的味道
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia. 无关，文中根本没有谈到钱
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia. 无关
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year. 加强
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold. correct，E国也能减价

4、As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.  In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.
Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants' proposal
23’’ train company 把办公地点从高租金地区搬到低租金地区把高租金地区留给零售商。这样，train company 可以支付得起，并且对其紧张的资金没有副作用。
加强：
(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street. 无关
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved. correct加强。双重否定，要注意
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months. 无关
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.削弱
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters. 无关

5.
Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
11’’ 逻辑链：每次事故发生PZ的受伤人数是最少的。因此PZ是最安全的车子。
削弱：1、伤亡人数是最少，但是死亡人数最多。
(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.加强
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class. 无关，文中并没有提到销量
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars. Correct 更容易卷入事故中。削弱
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.无关
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year. 无关

jiangjiang2016

1.        Beverage company representative: The plastic rings
that hold six-packs of beverage cans together
pose a threat to wild animals, which often
become entangled in the discarded rings and
suffocate as a result. Following our lead, all
beverage companies will soon use only those
rings consisting of a new plastic that
disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to
sunlight. Once we all complete the switchover
from the old to the new plastic rings, therefore,
the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose
to wild animals will be eliminated.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the representative’s argument?  
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.2
Time: 00:48
Background: plastic rings threat to wild animals
Premise: new rings could disintegrate after three days’ exposure to sunlight
Conclusion: threat will be eliminated
Weaken:
Maybe this area lacks sunlight
Maybe in the three days animals will get threaten
A: not weaken the conclusion
B: not weaken; even if old plastic rings can not be eliminated, new plastic still in effect
C: irrelevant with the cost
D: not weaken, since shipping does not matter
E: right, another threaten


(A) The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete.
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them.




2.


Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island.  Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.  This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.  In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.


Which of the following, if true, most strongly calls into question the likelihood that implementation of the mayor's proposal will have the desired consequence?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.5
time: 00:32
Background: tiger sharks surround T island
Premise:
tiger sharks sometimes attack tourists
tourism is second industry revenue just follow fishing industry
conclusion:
killing tiger sharks will help economy
weaken:
economy include tourism and fishing industry revenue
so, if the proposal affects fishing, it wouldn’t be working
be careful with such answers as environment, shark protecting….
Since we are talking about help economy!
A: not weaken
B irrelevant with who will pay the program
C just say shark attacking dose not determinate many tourists ,not weaken the plan
D yes, do not affect the fishing industry as the logical implies
E irrelevant

(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.


3.


The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.  Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.



Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.6
time: 00:28
Background: E country never import apples because consumer there prefer E apples
Premise: K plan sell apples at half the price
Conclusion: E consumers will buy them as an low-cost alternative
Weaken:
Half the price==buy ?
Maybe the price of E apples is low enough
Maybe the E consumers does not care the price
Maybe E could decrease the price as well
A: irrelevant
B not weaken
C irrelevant with the past
D irrelevant with the harvest, since low cost is told
E right



(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.


4.


As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.  In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.


Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants' proposal?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.7
time: 00:28
Premise:
Consultants proposed moving station’s entrance to low rent side street and leasing high rent entrance
Conclusion:
The station could pay for other renovations without negative impact on tight budget
Support:
The logic is that reducing cost could save money, but forget the revenue.
In each cost-profit-revenue problems, do not forget to consider all of the three facters.
Station’s revenue won’t reduce
A: not clearly about whether the revenue will decline, just imply and of course not support
B: yes
C: do not care about rent block owners
D costly renovations do not support
E example of other companies can not necessarily assure a similar trend

(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.


5.


Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:


The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.8
time: 00:13
Premise: PZ1000 has fewest injuries per accident in its class
Conclusion: pz1000 is one of the safest cars
Weaken:
Its class---cars available, maybe the class has most injuries
A: many cars can’t justify anything
B irrelevant with the selling
C yes
D not weaken
E irrelevant

(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

fesche

P: rings will tangle animal, animal suffocate
change ring to biodegradable, will degrade in 3 days with exposure to sun light
C, animal will not suffocate
weaken: animal suffocate within 3 days, will not completely degrade, will not disintegrate with no sun
E-B

P: tiger shark eats smaller sharks
TS sometimes attack tourist, which is the 2 revenue after fishing
to boost economic
C: kill the sharks within a mile
logic: killing the sharks will help boost economic
weaken, what if killing the shark will harm economic, decline in fishing or decline in tourist
D, TS declines, small sharks increase, prey on fish, commercial value down
(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.

P: E has never imported great amount of apples
prefer unique texture and taste of local apple
K want to sale apple with lower price and higher nutrient
weaken
Logic chain: low price and nutrient will sell apples in E
Possible answer: people do not care about price
E, E can easily lower price to compare with K
(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.

P: train station needs to renovate
purpose to move entrance to another street
rent the main street space to retail company
C: train company can pay for the renovation without negative impact on its tight budget
Support
Logic chain: lease the main entrance and budget
Possible answer: high demands, already some retailers tried to lease the space, no importance moving the entrance to another street, revenue will not go down
B
(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.

P: fewer incidents using PZ100, the fewest injuries per accident
C: safest car
weaken
Possible answer: sell more than other cars, per car few people, or only drivers
B-C
(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

hedyail

D2
错了一个，精炼的，感觉第二天做好多了~继续加油

精炼
1
T:31s
逻辑链：6 rings threaten wild animals - new plastic disintegrate after 3 days sunlight - change to new will save animal
可能方向：within 3 days animals have touched the plastic;new one has some other damage;  
答案：E  b
A:time length is not related
Bld one existance do not influence
C:expense is not related
D:cannot disintegrate during shipping but may disintergrate later?
E:aquatic animals hurt


2
T:25s
BG tiger sharks may eat people
PREMISES:no people will harm tourist industry
CONCLUSION:kill sharks will help economy
D

3
T:26s
BG ertland never imported apples because of unique texture of local apples
premises:kosolia want to sell apples to ertland as low-cost alternative
E

4
T:24s
BG move station gate to less expensive area to get higher rent for renovation without impact on tight budget
B

5
T:13s
BG
C

宋痂岛__

精炼错了，其他正确，用时都在40秒左右，后面三题较快
精炼错误：很经典
threat from plastic rings会减少，指的是new和old都减少，而非threat new减少

May97

2. Time：38s
P：tiger sharks hurt tourists and influence tourism industry
C: kill tiger sharks to help economy
Weaken
A: support
B:irreverent
C: support
D: Key
E: irreverent

3

rachelY

3.17
错3道：条件限定词+题目意思
1. Beverage company representative: The plastic rings
that hold six-packs of beverage cans together
pose a threat to wild animals, which often
become entangled in the discarded rings and
suffocate as a result. Following our lead, all
beverage companies will soon use only those
rings consisting of a new plastic that
disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to
sunlight. Once we all complete the switchover
from the old to the new plastic rings, therefore,
the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose
to wild animals will be eliminated.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the representative’s argument?  
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.2

Entangled:被卷入的
Discarded：被丢弃的
Disintegrate:使分解
suffocation ：窒息
Ring：塑料环
37
P：塑料rings会对野生物造成威胁。在我们的领导下，所有公司将只用那些由新塑料组成的rings，这种塑料在阳光下三天之内就能降解了。
C：一旦我们完成了所有从旧到新的转换，塑料rings使野生物窒息的威胁将会消除。
削弱
conclusion说的是threat from plastic rings会减少，而不是threat from NEW plastic rings会减少，所以这里的threat=old+new！！！
思路1 ：旧的还有---继续有窒息威胁
2：新的----还能带来 窒息 威胁
A)The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete.转变至少要两年，无关
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.转换之后，仍有大量旧的rings会在水栖和木地环境中使用。和条件说完全转换冲突，排
-------------正确答案，做错
可能还要好好揣摩persist在这里的意思：存留。意思应该是虽然全部替换了，但旧的拉环还会残留。
说明大量的old plastic rings 残留,所以很容易还会继续suffocate animals.

(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.价格，无关
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.在船运过程中无法降解，因为没法晒太阳。我觉得不冲突，排
-----答案说，这个没有address the threat of suffocation to animals？
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them.降解的物质对水栖生物有害，对
--------------------普遍错误答案！！要扣清结论的细节
错误思路：generalize了结论，一边读结论一边总结出来的是：使用新塑料环将会对野生物有好处。→所以只要答案表明新塑料有坏的影响就可以了。错！！
再读一遍结论：结论说的是，能消除使野生物窒息的威胁。窒息！！这个选项并没有说是怎样的harm，即有可能不是suffocated造成的，那么就和结论不符了。

2.
Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island.  Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.  This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.  In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly calls into question the likelihood that implementation of the mayor's proposal will have the desired consequence?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.5
55’
B：T鲨鱼有时会攻击游泳和冲浪的游客，这损害了当地的旅游业。
W：杀掉任何一只距离沙滩一公里的T鲨鱼
C：从而帮助经济
加强 错！！！题目没读懂：是削弱
Call into：对。。。表示质疑
思路1：杀掉以后就不会有游客受袭击
2：游客相信这个措施有用，会重新回来旅游
3：杀了T会导致小鲨鱼数量增多，从而带来不好影响，从而影响经济
(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure 使。。。安心tourists.对的，和我预测的思路2一样
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.谁花钱支持这个项目，无关
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.无关
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.谈论小鲨鱼和鱼，无关
--------正确答案：当时没好好注意答案，就想着结论强调的是大鲨鱼和游客，和这两个新对象无关。第一，思路没想到这个；第二，对commercial这个词不够警惕
Tiger shark↓→small shark↑→fish↓→hurt the economy
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.不是所有游客来这里会去游泳冲浪，错

2.不难
The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples. Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.6
B：E国的人从来不进口大量别国的苹果（还是会进口，但数量不多），因为他们喜欢自己国家的苹果口感
C：K国打算在E国销售自己国家的苹果（半价销售，并且打着富含营养 价格低的替代来推销）
削弱
思路1：E国人不买账，就算价格低，他们也不care
思路2：就算有很多人买，但最终K国商人还是亏本，做不下了
--------抓住前提：价格---所以E国也有可能降价销售，先讲竞争对手打出国，再升价
(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.两类品种类似，说明容易被替代，加强
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.两国人的消费结构，无关
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.过去E向K出口了大量苹果。没紧扣前提里的价格，排
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.说明K国在数量上占优势，加强
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.E国苹果收益足够高，所以E国商人完全应对得了价格战。
-----对，这样K国价格战就不占优势。扣前提

3.不难
As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses. In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.
Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants' proposal?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.7
1’16’’
P: 咨询顾问提议把火车站的入口从现在价值高的主干道移到低租金的街上，然后把高租金的入口租给零售商
C：这样，火车公司就有钱做其他方面的重建在不影响它紧缺的预算下
增强
思路1：转移入口带来的负面影响小于它的正面影响，所以火车站总体还是赚
(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.大部分乘火车的人是在主干街道那里工作，削弱
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.---------没有人会因为移了位置而影响乘火车频率，对
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.无关
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.削弱
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.和时间有什么关系，排

5.
Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:
The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class. This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.8
14’
P：报告表明在同一汽车层次里，PZ出事故的次数最少
C：所以PZ时当今最安全的汽车
削弱
思路1：概率小≠次数少：PZ开的人少所以出事次数少
2：报告不真实
3：要抓住条件的每一个关键词！！这一类型的车本身就不安全，所以差的里面挑好的，结果还是差
(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.加强
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.加强
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.加强------正确答案：没读懂这句话意思，与其他类型的汽车相比，PZ 1000所属的类中的汽车更容易发生事故。
我当时想的是既然这种类型的车更容易发生事故，而Z次数还最低，不就说明它安全吗。
但我们要得出这个结论是要和所有汽车比。矮子里拔将军，怎么也不可能是最安全的
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.加强
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.-----侧面说报告不能作数，我感觉这题答案都没有最佳------错，我当时也觉得E说不通，但其他都被自己排掉了- -

ba1a糖儿

P;换成新材质的plastic rings
C：↓动物的threat
BI 动物常会被rings困住，导致wild animals伤亡。新材质的rings在几天内可以分解
预测：1.困住animal常常在rings被丢弃的前几天
2.新材质可能会吸引动物去吃/其他举动，造成的伤亡更大
A 两年时间？but the new rings would sooner or later do good to the animals. it failed to provide debate.
B it doesn't  matter whether the rings would remain in the wild. now we are simply talking about the effect of the plastic rings of new material. Even if the implementation does not exist, these rings would still remain in the wild.
C it might contribute to the conclusion of the argument. since less money of the rings means more accessible for the manufactures and the customers. The result is that less animals would suffer just as the statement presumes.
Dthe rings remains indegradable during shipment has nothing to do with the later degradation in the wild. If the manufacture failed to let the ring stay normally in the shipping no one would really like to buy it since it failed to protect the commodity-that's the essential liability of it.
E correct. the statement suggests that the wild animals would suffer owning to the substance released by the new material. the decreas of the amount of animals killed by the rings are compansated by the amount killed by the substance of the material.
二
P：杀了海滩1mile以内的虎鲨鱼
C 振兴旅游业
BI 鲨鱼会吃swim和surf的人，通常吃小鲨鱼
预测：1.人们就是来看虎鲨的，杀光了经济更不行
2.吃的人很少都是不守规矩的。杀光了虎鲨小鲨鱼才会吃更多人或者造成其他损失
A 应该是strengthen。这个项目会促进游客前往，也就意味着boost the economy
B C北京信息
D correct。损人不利己
E并不是所有人在游泳和surf但是只要有，鲨鱼就会吃人。所以杀光就是好事——并没有反驳原文
三
P 邻国低价买苹果
C作为本地的替代
BI E这个地方的人只吃E自产的苹果，从不进口
预测：1.E国人有..（有某种特殊的病），只有E地土长出来的苹果才能让他们（免于痛苦）
2.K 苹果太便宜反而没人买，因为E以贵著称，这里的人就是喜欢买贵的
反正E的人不管什么情况都和正常人不一样；）
A strengthen，起源一样，没什么不同。更便宜就买那个
B 和题目无关。。￥一样我不想买还是不买
C 如果种子留下了，重在了K，K的苹果就有人买了
D strengthen
E correct
没考虑到E苹果不进口的终极原因——只考虑了消费者没考虑国内的流通渠道的销售商等。销售商一有风吹草动就联起手来动手，外来苹果不可能卖出去啊。所以不能只考虑消费者的原因
四
P 将入口移位，并针对铺面收取大笔租金
C 收入可观，可以抵消fee
BI 重建
预测：1.换了地方不交租金，生意不好的情况不存在（只要有这个station就会有人买单）
只考虑了租不租没考虑买不买。只有用户多了，商家才会觉得有机可乘才会过来。
A 削弱，如果搬走了，更少的commuter
B correct 就算换了entrance 他们还会用哦
C 无关。。换了才好呢。。但和本公司有什么关系？？
D 花费又高了还是本来就应该花？重复了原文背景。错误
E 差点儿落入了你的圈套！！！就算rate不变，也许就是因为entrance比其他公司要好。这下好了你换了门。没人来了
五
P 在accident里的伤亡最少
C 最安全的车车哦
推测：伤亡少车就安全？也许在其他方面根本不行。即伤亡少推理不出最安全
A strengthen
B 无关
C correct
D strengthen
E 一年一次。。。难道频率不一样吗在不同季节？？很有可能被当做正确选项——因为会在内心脑补——
哦，其他车型春季冬季accident多，其他季节少。而这个car夏季多。分季节来看这个车就不行了！！
！！！！！想多了孩子。。这种想法还需要assumption啊但是它太隐晦

哭泣.. .. 以为自己分析的最好的第一题错了.. .. 让我来好好反省：
原文的说法“threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose to wild animals will be eliminated” 我的推论“killed会变少”。我的关注点在新材料的rings会减少kill吗？题目的关注对象是“是否减少了plastic rings的负面影响” 注意后者涵盖的范围更广：（新+旧）plastic rings的影响。因为并没有说明到底是新/旧的Effect   answer choice (E) is a shell game that attacks a conclusion that is similar but different than the actual conclusion.

B 从前的隐患没有解决，伤亡还是未知数。 就像地雷没有被挖出来，我们造出了新地雷——可以从地面上辨认出来有地雷 E：the conclusion is specifically about suffocation, and answer choice (E) does not address suffocation.

gmat冲刺

精炼：B
1.计时44s
2. Premise：
we all complete the switchover from the old to the new plastic rings
Conclusion:
the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose to wild animals will be eliminated
3.猜测：It's possible that the wild animals suffocate before the rings can disintegrates
4.选项分析
A.Although they need time to complete the switchover, the aim can be achieved once the switchover is over.
B.Correct, with this condition, even new plastic is used, the threat to animals still exist.
C.The prices of rings are irrelevant to the aim
D.What we discuss is the rings in wildland
E.Aquatic animals? irrelevant, what we discuss is the suffocate--the details in the conclusion is important. Besides, never choose the last choice just because the former choices seems not right in the exam! Maybe you are too nervous to think carefully about the choices in the exam~

逻辑链:
1、D
39s
Premise:
Tiger sharks feed on small sharks; sometimes they attack tourists, having bad influence on the tourism industry; tourism is second, fishing is the first.
Conclusion:
Kill tiger sharks to help the economy
猜测：more small sharks eat more fish
2、E
36s
Premise：
customers in E prefer local apples; apples from K is nourishing and cheap
Conclusion:
Growers in K can sell their apples
猜测：customers in E don't like apples in K even though they are cheap
3、B
35s
Premise:
change the train station' entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and lease the high-rent entrance space to retail space
Conclusion:
The train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget
猜测：...support, so I have no idea
4、C
18s
Premise:
PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class
Conclusion:
PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today
猜测：Maybe PZ 1000 involve more accidents than other cars