【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-2】

sissiyu

1.        44s                     B
逻辑链：plastic rings 对野生动物有害，新型的plastic rings在太阳光下暴露三天就会降解 => 都换成新型的plastic rings之后其对野生动物的危害就会减少
A.        无关，前提条件是都换成新型之后的假想，跟要花多久更新无关
B.        正确，说明潜在的危害没有消除，削弱
C.        跟价钱无关，引入无关因素
D.        无关，在运输过程中不会分解，这里讨论的是使用过后会被降解
E.        是讨论野生动物wild animals，跟aquatic animals无关
2.        47s                     D
逻辑链：Tiger sharks影响TI的旅游业发展，而TI的旅游业是其第二大收入来源 => TI的mayor提议杀死岸边一公里内所有的Tiger sharks来促进经济发展
A．        加强，有了这个program保证了TI的旅游业，加强
B．        引入无关因素business owners
C．        加强，游客主要是为了beaches来的，所以更要执行这个program了
D．        正确，tiger sharks少了，其捕食的small sharks就会增加，而small sharks会影响第一收入来源捕鱼业，削弱
E．        无关
3.        50s                     E
逻辑链：E国人喜欢吃自己种的苹果，所以进口苹果的量不大 => K国想要通过价格优势来把K国的苹果引入E国去
A．        加强，E国的苹果是从K国衍生而来的，现在K国的苹果还有价格优势，好吃又便宜，有竞争力
B．        无关，跟花钱的多少无关
C．        跟E国出口苹果至K国无关
D．        加强，K国的苹果四季都丰收，而E国的苹果只丰收两个月，量足且便宜，有竞争力
E．        正确，E国的苹果不会受K国出台的政策影响，因为它本身利润很大，也可以降价
4.        35s                     B
逻辑链：火车站的入口原本在租金很高的 Main Street上，如果把它转移到租金低的adjoining side street上面就可以缓解缩紧预算的负面影响了
A.        削弱，很多乘坐火车的人都在 Main Street上的公司上班，如果转移了火车站入口就会减少乘坐火车的人数
B.        正确，加强，可靠survey表明改变入口不会减少乘坐量
C.        削弱，租金高，就连business也交不起，更别提把火车站的那部分转给business了
D.        削弱，还是要花钱，目的达不到了
E.        引入无关因素other train companies
5.        22s                     C
逻辑链：PZ1000在交通事故中受伤率最小 => PZ1000是最安全的车之一
A.        无关，对比对象不一致，要相同级别的进行对比
B.        加强，更多的PZ1000被卖出去，并且受伤率还小，说明其安全性高
C.        正确，削弱，虽然受伤率小，但是其被卷入accident的几率大，也是不安全的
D.        加强，差异大，题目又说明受伤率小，说明其安全性高
E.        无关，跟几年报道一次无关

Enternal爱学习

BG: the plastic rings will hurt the animals
P: a new kind of can disposed under th sun in 3 days
C:swith from the old one to the new one can prevent the animal from being hurt.

A irrelevant.the argument only cares about the effect
B the effect of the old ones
C irrelevant
D advantage?or cannot reach the predict
E still harmful (choose)

jennymimi

加油！！！！！！！！！！！！

Talitha

计时：30s
2) 逻辑链： 
Background Information: 
Premise: a new plastic that
disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to
sunlight. Once we all complete the switchover
from the old to the new plastic rings
Conclusion: the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose
to wild animals will be eliminated.
3) 推测: Animal may eat it within the three days.
4) 选项: E
5）分析：
A: Irrelevant
B:Bingo: y showing that even after the switchover is
complete, the threat to animals from plastic rings will persist. Note the carefully
worded nature of the conclusion—the representative does not say the threat
from new plastic rings will be eliminated, but rather the threat from plastic rings,
which includes both old and new rings.
C:irrelevant
D:irrelevant
E:Bingo
The conclusion of this argument is the final sentence, which contains the
conclusion indicator “therefore,” and the conclusion contains a qualification that

 This is the most commonly chosen answer, and it is a
perfect example of a Shell Game. In this case, the answer preys upon test takers
who fail to heed Primary Objective #4: “Read closely and know precisely what
the author said. Do not generalize!” Many test takers read the conclusion and
think, “So when they start using these new rings, it will make things better for
the animals.” When these test takers get to answer choice (E), the answer looks
extremely attractive because it indicates that the implementation of the new
rings will also have a harmful effect.我就是这么想。 With this thinking in mind, many test
takers select answer choice (E) thinking it undermines the conclusion and they
are certain they have nailed the question. However, the conclusion is
specifically about suffocation, and answer choice (E) does not address
suffocation. Instead, answer choice (E) is a shell game that attacks a conclusion
that is similar but different than the actual conclusion. Remember, one of the
rules for weakening arguments is to focus on the conclusion, and knowing the
details of the conclusion is part of that focus.

Finally, the placement of answer choice (E) is no accident. Most students do not
immediately identify answer choice (B) as the correct answer, and even those
that keep it as a Contender often feel it could be stronger. Then, just when
things are starting to look bleak, answer choice (E) pops up sounding fairly
reasonable. Most people breathe a sigh of relief and select the answer without
carefully examining the contents. Never choose answer choice (E) just because
the first four answers are not overly attractive! Always make a thorough
analysis of every answer choice and remember that the test makers know that
people get nervous if none of the first four answer choices jump out at them. Do
not let the test takers draw you into a trap!

1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链： 
Background Information: 
Premise: they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.  This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry
Conclusion: the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
3) 推测:tourists swim farther than a mile?
4) 选项:
5）分析：
A: Support
B:Irrelevant
C:Irrelevant
D:irrelevant
E:Bingo irrelevant, because the non-beach tourists have no bearing on the issue either way.

here's the basic deal: 
* economy has 2 main pillars: TOURISM and FISHING 
* tiger sharks are hurting TOURISM 
* mayor wants to help TOURISM by killing tiger sharks 

if you want to weaken this argument, you want to show that killing the tiger sharks will have a deleterious effect on the other pillar of the economy - namely, FISHING. (note how much more obvious this is if you diagram the passage, as i've roughly done above). 

choice d is correct, because it shows that, while killing tiger sharks may be good for TOURISM, it will be bad for FISHING (which, the passage asserts, is ultimately a more important industry). 

1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链： 
Background Information: 
Premise: consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples
Conclusion: at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.
3) 推测: even half price may not be welcomed by people from Ertland
4) 选项: E
5）分析：
A: strengthen
B:irrelevant
C:irrelevant
D:strengthen
E:bingo

1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链： 
Background Information: 
Premise: moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.
Conclusion:  the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.
3) 推测: It will not affect the amount of people taking the train
4) 选项: B
5）分析：
A: irrelevant
B:bingo
C:irrelevant
D”weaken
E:irrelevant

1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链： 
Background Information: 
Premise: PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  
Conclusion: that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
3) 推测:fewest injuries not equal to safest car
4) 选项:
5）分析：
A:strengthen
B:strengthen
C:strengthen
D:
E:bingo

goodluck22

Background: plastic rings that hold six-packs of beverage can pose a threat to animals ,resulting in suffocate
Premise: New rings consisting of a new plastic will used / disintegrate 3 days exposure to sunlight
Conclusion: suffocation will be eliminated
Prephrase: suffocation will not be eliminated(other reasons)/ 3 days is too long
A.        Even though it takes two year, the switchover will succeed eventually.
B.        Correct answer, there are lots of old will persist in wild
C.        Irrelevant, not discuss the cost
D.        Irrelevant.
E.        talk about wild animals, not aquatic

Background: Tiger sharks are common at the T island
Premise: usually T sharks eat small sharks, but sometimes they attack the tourist and surfing beaches./ This hurt T tourism industry, second to its fishing industry
Conclusion: In order to help economy, the mayor want to kill sharks within a mile of the beaches
Prephrase: kill tiger sharks will result in increase small sharks
A.        Irrelevant
B.        Support
C.        Irrelevant
D.        Correct – small shark increase- important fish decrease- harm to economy
E.        Irrelevant

Background: E never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers prefers unique E apples
Premise: K country try to sell apple half price
Prephrase: consumer in E will not buy K apples even though the price are cheap
A.        support
B.        irrelevant
C.        irrelevant
D.        irrelevant
E.         Correct.

Premise: consultant propose moving its current valuable Main street local to a low rent side street and leasing the high rent entrance to retail business
Conclusion: could have money to pay for renovation
Prephrase: there are no other competitors / customer will train even the entrance changes
A.        Irrelevant
B.        Correct
C.        Irrelevant
D.        Cost is irrelevant
E.        Just another background

Premise: PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident in ‘its’ class
Conclusion: PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars
Prephrase: PZ per accident compare to other car per accident is higher
A.        support
B.        sales is not the issue here
C.        Correct
D.        Irrelevant
E.        Background
  

Kelly7651

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

cyndichiang

1.   50''
BG:The plastic rings pose a threat to wild animals and all beverage companies will soon use only those
rings consisting of a new plastic that disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to sunlight.
Premise:Once we all complete the switchover from the old to the new plastic rings
Conclusion:the threat of suffocation will be eliminated.
Q:weaken
推测：if wild animals are entangled within 3 days?
        old plastic has influence within a long time ?
A-- irrelevant, at least two more years out of scope
B-- Correct , threat cannot be eliminate because of other factor
C-- irrelevant, the argument has nothing to do with cost ,out of scope
D--irrelevant,
E--- does not infer the "suffocation" and the conclusion is the threat of suffocation


2.   34'
Premise:  tiger sharks sometimes have attacked tourists, hurting T's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry
Conclusion:In order to help the economy,the mayor plan to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
Q:weaken
推测：方案副作用:affect the fishing industry /people want to see shakes
       两者米关系：other factors lead to the economy


3. 36''
Premise:consumers in country E generally prefer of E-grown apples.
Conclusion:K apple growers plan to sell their apples in E by selling K-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promote the low-cost alternative

4. 42''
Premise: moving to a low-rent adjoining side street and leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.
Conclusion: the train company can use proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.


5. 17'
Premise: PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  
Conclusion: PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.

zmh_0617

2.Premise: tiger shark sometimes kill tourists, which hurt local tourism industry
Conclusion: kill sharks within a mile of beach.
Paraphrase: kill them will do more harm to the local tourism
D

3The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.  Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.

Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
Premise: E seldom import apples from other countries, since they prefer their own taste of local apple.
Conclusion: K want to sell their apples at half price and nourishing.
Paraphrase: E focus not on the price, but on the taste.
E

4. As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.  In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants' proposal?
Premise: train station want to move from high place to low place, and rent it to retailers.
Conclusion: solve the renovation without negative effects on tight budget
Paraphrase: solve the money problem
B

5.Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:
The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
Premise: HTS report PZ 1000 have fewest accident of any car in same class.
Conclusion: safest
Paraphrase: fewest accident does not mean safest
C

simonleo

BDEBE

1
Time: 44s
Premise:
1.the old discarded plastic rings often pose a threat to wild animals.
2. new plastic rings disintegrates after three days' exposure to sunlight.
Conlusion: After  complete the switch, the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose to wild animals will be eliminated.
Prephrase:就算全部转换了，旧的不能分解 threat不会减少 只是不会增加了，不一定elimnated。

（A) The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete. OOS 讨论的是after complete the switch的情况。
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments. 正确，可以说明threat并不会减少，只是可能不会增加。
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings. OOS， 与价格无关
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight. 在运输过程中不会分解不能削弱它最终会分解的事实，不能起到削弱作用
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them. Shell Game 说的是threat of
suffocation会减少， 你说另外一种物质会对它造成伤害，没有说明suffocation会不会减少 则起不到削弱作用

2,
Time:47s
Premise:1.tiger sharks usually feed on smaller sharks but sometimes attacked tourists swimming and surfing at T beaches.
2.The fact hurt T tourism industry, which is second  only to its fishing industry in annual revenues
Conclusion: In oder to help economy, the mayor proposed to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
Prephrase:杀掉附近的鲨鱼 还是会有鲨鱼靠近；杀鲨鱼可能会造成fishing industry受到伤害，则更加hurt economy。

(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists. 起不到削弱作用 reaassure的话 program就起作用了，加强了原文结论。
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.无关，不知道program能不能help economy。
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions. 无关，说海滩吸引大量游客，但是前提已经说了因为有shark的存在 游客已经减少了。
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries. 正解 削弱，tiger sharks吃的那些small sharks主要吃一些对fisheries很有经济价值的fish， 则杀了tiger sharks， small sharks增加，有价值的fish减少 排名第一的fishing行业受到伤害，program不能help economy。
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing. 不能削弱， 即使不是所有游客是为了海滩来的，那部分为了海滩来的游客还是减少了，旅游业仍受到伤害。

3.
Time：41s
Premise：E never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers prefer E-grown apples.
Counter premise: apple growers from K plan to sell their apples in E at half the price of local apples. promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.
Prephrase:价格低不一定别人会买。其他因素影响E顾客购买苹果的标准。

(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties. 不削弱，与价格无关，顾客可能会买啊。
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia. 无关，花多少与买不买K的苹果无关
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia. 无关，E出口苹果去K与K出口到E的苹果会不会被买无关
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year. 加强，说明K的苹果可能有市场
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold. 正解，削弱， E的苹果利润高，你K的价格便宜，我也可以降低我的价格，那K就没有优势了。
没考虑到的答案

4.
Time:1:05
Premise:moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street.
then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.
Conlusion:the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.
Prephrase: high-rent entrance space to retail businesses不会让retail businesses拒绝在此地开设商铺；entrance从Main Street移开不会减少顾客量

A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street. 无关 commuters的量不能说明改变entrance能不能给station通过降低自身租金增加外租租金带来利润
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.正解， 改变入口顾客量不会减少，那么按照原计划进行了则利润确实会变高。
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months. 无关
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space. 削弱
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.无关

5
Time：23s
Premise：PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class
Conclusion: it is one of the safest cars
Prephraze:每件事故中伤害少不代表它安全 数据不一定可靠
(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000. 加强
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class. 无关
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars. 无法削弱，整个class都更容易出事故，那pz 1000 就是有fewest injury 那它还是安全的
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced. 加强
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year. 正解 数据有问题

5题错， E不算是数据有问题 应该是无关选项 多久report一次不带表其数据可靠与否
C没考虑in its class这个词组的意义， 如果这个class的accident数量明显比别的class的事故数量要多，那么injury的数量也会比相应的要多一些，那么它就不是the safest cars available today。
注意题目中表现出了范围概念。
理解题目时，认为着重考虑的是injury的数量问题， 认为即使accident数量多，injury数量还是可以是比较少的，则仍然算是安全。重点有点放错 应为其他class的车子进行比较，你accident的数量本来就多了，则一定程度上反映不安全，你在class里injury少 比起其他class中的injury数量 你可能是远远大于的 则起到削弱作用

黄俊

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