【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-2】

344531519

精练题
1. 0'41
2.P1:Normal plastic ring suffocate wild animal
  P2:New plastic ring degrade after three days's exposure to the sun light
  C1: Using the new plastic ring helps to eliminate the wild animal's suffocation.

3. What if the animal eat the ring within three days.

4.B

5.
A:无关，题干中已经有前提“once complete”
C：无关
D：加强
E：无关，没有提到是否会影响动物窒息。

逻辑链1

1.0'34
2.P1: Tiger shark sometimes attack tourists and influence the tourists industry, second industry to the fishing industry.
  S1: Kill any tiger shark within 1 mile of the island
  C1: The tourist industry as well as the island's economy will be saved.

3.What if tiger shark prey on the fishes that eat the fish as the main resource of the fishing industry.

4.D

5.
A:irrelevant
B:Strenghthen
C:irrelevant/strenghthen
E:irrelevant

逻辑链2：

1.0'23
2.
P1: E-Land usually don't import apple because the people there get used to the local apple.

P2: K-land propose to export its apple to E-land at the half price of that of local apple in E-land

C1: K-land apples can sell well in E-land.

3.What if E-land apple sell cheaper than it did before?
4.E
5.
A:irr
B:irr
C:irr
D:irr

逻辑链3
1.0'32
2.
P1. The station is propose a renovation and move its main door to the side street
P2. The rent are higher in main door space now than in the side street.
C1: The increasd rent after the move of the main doors would cover the expense of the renovation
3.After the moving, the passenger flow will not be affected and thus the rent.
4.B
5.
A:irr
C：irr
D:explained
E:irr

逻辑链4
1.0'16
2.
P1:Investigation shows that the PZ1000 have the lowest accident rate in its class.
C2: PZ1000 is the safest car nowadays
3.
The class PZ1000 is in has the highest accident rate in all class.
The death rate of PZ1000 is highest in its class.
4.C
5.
A:str
B:irr
D:don't understand
E:irr

览物之情

10月3号
1 题干33
Premise 1: The plastic rings pose a threat to wild animals, which often become entangled in the discarded rings and suffocate as a result.
Premise2: Following our lead, all beverage companies will soon use only those
rings consisting of a new plastic that disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to sunlight
Conclusion: the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose
to wild animals will be eliminated.
weaken
因果推理。P:something will influence the disintegration process or some side effect caused by the new plastic.
A 无关。对结论没有影响
B correct。说的是OLD plastic还存在就是会影响结果
C无关讲的是cost
D 无关，讲的是运输途中不会分解
E 干扰项.讲的side effect
B和E选项有点疑惑。如果是根据和结论的相关度。B直接影响结论的可信程度。E说的是side effect 但是是新的概念，不是suffocation.

2 36s
Premise: Tiger sharks attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches hurt Tenare's tourism industry.
Conclusion:  In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
Weaken
方案评估 CQ1可行性CQ2可接受性CQ3副作用
P killing sharks will influence the fishing industry in the island.

(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.
加强cq2
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.
加强cq1
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.
无关
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.
Correct Side effect CQ3
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.
无关

3题干33s
Premise1： Ertland has never imported apples because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.
Premise:2 Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.

Weaken the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
方案评估
P people in E are not sensitive to price.Cq1.CQ2 the plan will make the company lost money

(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.
加强
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.
无关
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.
无关
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.
加强
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.
correct:说明价格战不行CQ1

4 34s
Premise: consultants proposed moving the station's entrance to a low-rent street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.  
Conclusion: company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants' proposal?
方案评估
P no side effect, change the entrance dose not influence the ordinary business of the station. CQ3 it's easier to lease the entrance to other businessCQ1

(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.
无关
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.
Correct no side effect
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.
Weaken CQ1有竞争可能很难租出去
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.
Weaken side effect
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.
无关。

5
Premise: The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  
Conclusion: This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
Weaken
统计枚举Cq 样本是否有代表性。CQ2样本数量。反正要出现样本
P in its clasee does not equal to all the car available

(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
加强
B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.
无关
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
Correct样本没有代表性
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.
无关
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.
无关

supsophy

D D E B D
1.  weaken -42s
C:  all complete switch to new plastic rings => threat of suffocation will be eliminated
P: new plastic disintegrates after 3 ex to sun
Infer: no sunlight
Also produce suff.

A.        Time-irr
B.        Perhaps – aquatic and woodland environ
C.        price-out
D.        the answer
E.        other substances – irr
错误原因：even after the switchover is complete, the threat to animals from plastic rings will persist. Note the carefully worded nature of the conclusion—the representative does not say the threat from new plastic rings will be eliminated, but rather the threat from plastic rings, which includes both old and new rings.
2.weaken
C: kill t-sharks < a mile of the beach => help the economy
P: t-sharks attacked tourists
  Tourism is second to fishing industry.
Background: feed on smaller sharks.         
Infer:  1. Attack people > a mile
2. be harmful to fishing industry
3. weaken
C: K plan to sell to E with low price app
P: E never import app
  Locals prefer the unique texture of E app
Infer: about the price
Locals not care about the price.

4.strengthen
C: train company could pay for … not damage the budget.
P: move to low-rent p & lease the high-rent p

Infer: many retail busi rent the high-rent p
Move to low-rent p has no impact on the budget  

5. weaken
C: pz is the safest car
P:pz has the fewest injuries per accident of …

Infer:1. fewest injuries ≠ lowest accident rate
     2.injury 的标准不同。
错误原因： D pronounced 显著的。

w.melhere

看完nn们的分析好清楚。第二题没有抓到点在help the economic。 发现自己经常有类似错误啊！   明天继续!

花生张

计时：59S
Background: The plastic rings that hold six-packs of beverage cans together pose a threat to wild animals, which often become entangled in the discarded rings and suffocate as a result. Following our lead, all beverage companies will soon use only those rings consisting of a new plastic that disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to sunlight.
Premise: Once we all complete the switchover from the old to the new plastic rings
Conclusion: the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose to wild animals will be eliminated.
逻辑链：Plastic ring pose threat to wild animals---New plastic: disintegrate ---Switch---threat of suffocation will be eliminated
推测：  weaken?
3天之内会不会pose threat呢？
需要sunlight才能在3天之内降解，如果木有sunlight呢？
选项分析：选B
A.        题目前提已经说了是once 所有转换完成后，威胁就会消除，如果转换完需要两年，那就两年之后才消除呗，反正能消除就行，时间长点就长点呗
B.        Old plastic rings阴魂不散，对结论有影响，先保留着
C.        比旧的便宜更应该转换了，对结论没有影响，反而加强了转换的理由
D.        在shipping的过程中不降解没关系，只要被扔掉之后降解了就行
E.        降解之后对水里的动物有新的伤害，但是只要它能降解，动物就不会窒息而死。

计时：44S
Background: Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island. Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches. This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.
Premise: the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
Conclusion: help the economy
逻辑链：TS吃人---对当地的旅游业有伤害--把within a mile of the beaches杀掉—经济会好转
推测：  weaken?
Within a mile的TS杀掉就OK了？
TS杀掉后，原本是TS食物的shark会不会吃人呢？
选项分析：选E
A.        加强
B.        加强
C.        无关
D.        削弱
E.        无关



计时：33S
Background: The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.
Premise: by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.
Conclusion: apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples
逻辑链：K 要把苹果卖给E---因为K的苹果有营养、便宜
推测：  weaken?
E国的居民看重的是营养还是口味，还是就是支持国货？
E国居民在乎价格吗？ 真的能做到半价吗？
选项分析：选E
A.        加强
B.        无关
C.        无关
D.        加强
E.        削弱K的低价的竞争优势

计时：35S
Premise: As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.
Conclusion: In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.
逻辑链：把火车站的进出口从高租金的地方转到低租金的地方---把原来高租金的地方改成小商店—缓解预算紧张
推测：  support?
方案可以实施 且不产生其他费用
选项分析：选B
A.        无关
B.        加强
C.        无关
D.        削弱
E.        无关

计时：21S
Premise: The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.
Conclusion: This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.逻辑链：PZ100是同类车中每次事故中受伤最少的-----最安全的车之一
推测：  weaken?
只说是同类车中受伤最少的，又没说是所有车
受伤少，严重不？ 发生事故多不？事故发生的多，人也经不起折腾啊
选项分析：选C
A.        加强
B.        无关
C.        削弱
D.        无关
E.        无关

ELLENGONG2012

1.BG: beverage company`s new plastic rings will threaten to wiled animals.
Premise: the company will change the ring to  be disintegrated in 3 days if exposure to the sun
Conclusion: the animals will not be dangerous.
Pp: some people discard the ring to a place thai cannot exposed to sun,so this way may not be useful. “What if an animal becomes entangled in the new rings before they can disintegrate?”
(A) The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete. ---If it can be useful ,it is not important how long it can bbe used. irrevelant.
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.---the plastic is still exist.yes
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.---not about the price. irrelevant
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.in the transportantion there is no sunlight, however, it may be sun in the later days.this will still work---irrelevant
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into  
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them. --- harmful not means will threaten them.irre  shell game.这题的结论不是让动物更好（harmful的反义词）而是the threat of suffocation减少，所以harmful与窒息是不一样的




2.


Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island.  Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.  This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.  In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.
Bg: T sharks eat S sharks and hurt visitors in thebeach. This phenomenon will frustrate the visiting economy which is behind the fishing.
Pm: they will cath T sharks which is in the near beach.
Cc:this will protect the economy.
Pp:the major money is not from visiting, so only to protect the visiting cannot protect fishing. However, the Tshark reduce, the small shark will increase, then the fish will reduce. The fishing will lose money.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly calls into question the likelihood that implementation of the mayor's proposal will have the desired consequence?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.5

(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.----not kill allT sharks can also protect the economy, this manifest that kill shark isnnot very important, however, this is not relevant to the total economy. Irr/opposite
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.----will have more  money to kill sharks , the fish mat be decrease.opposite
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.----this can only say the program is not necessary, however, it will not help to fishing.irr
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.---yes
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.
the same to C.irr



3.
The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.  Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.

Bg:E people like to eat apples grow in their country.
Statement: Kgrowers want t sell apple E by lower price. They will promote a way they thought good.
Pp: Kgrowers want to use price to beat the Ee apples. wherease, if the people in E don not mind the price. K`s strengthen will not work.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.6

(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.----  This strengthen k apples will sell well.opposite
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.-----YES.what EE people care about is not the price , rather the fresh, whichE apples can content them.   没看清楚，是无关比较
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.---- E expose to K is not the issue. irre
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.---this only about the amout of apples, however, there is no information in the article about the number.irrelevant.
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.---E have enough money to lose price. However,it dosen`t mean they will deduce the price. So k isnnot be threatened.irrelevant.




4.
As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.  In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.
BG:the train entrance is on a main road now.
Pm:they will move the entrance to another street which is not popular, but the street has a lower rent price.
C: the train company will lose the cost and ease the tie budget
Pp:the movatation maybe lose the people who take the train. Then the revenue will deduce. It can also induce the tie budget. So the aim will not complish. So we have to eliminate the possibility. That is the people have to take this train.OR ..,

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants' proposal?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.7

(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.---this will weaken
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.----the people will not deduce,so the revenue will bot lose.strengthen.
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.---the owner want to sell his building isn`t relevant.
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.---this will increase the budget. weaken
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.---other company in the past has no relevantion to this one.irr


5.
Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:
The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
p car has the fewest injuries peraccident than other cars.
C: this car is the safest cars.
Pp:the car has fewest injuries not the accident. Well, if ithas more accident and in each accident the injuries is lowest. Can it be the safest car?  NO

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.8

(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.-----this maybe strengthen the c.opposite
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.---sold many donnot mean the safe,irr
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.---yes,weaken
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced. ----the injuries has already be list in the stimulus, so it doesn`t matter.irr
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.----may be once a year is enough to have the exactly statistics.

cecidefok

1.
Premise: 1.plastic rings 会对野生动物产生坏的影响
            2.饮料公司应该采用新材质的plastic ring,经过三天太阳光曝晒,就可以分解
            3.饮料公司都完成新材质ring的转换
Conclusion:plastic ring对动物的窒息威胁就可以消除
问削弱
yy答案:1.转换完毕后,有其他特征对动物产生窒息威胁
          2.转换完毕后,还有部分旧材质的在市场流动,仍然对动物有威胁
选B

2.
Premise:1.鲨鱼袭击beach的旅客
           2.鲨鱼的袭击影响了旅游业,对Tenare市很重要
           3.要促进经济增长
Conclusion:Mayor要出台政策灭杀海上一公里以内的tiger shark
问削弱
yy答案:1.杀了鲨鱼会对经济造成重创
选D

3.
Premise:1.Ertland人很少大量进口苹果,因为觉得本地的苹果更好吃
           2.Kosolia的苹果农民要将自己的苹果以半价出售给Ertland
问削弱plan的因素
yy答案:1.价格不是Ertland考虑的因素
选E

4.
Premise:1.consultant建议火车公司将火车站门口转到租金更低的地方,然后将高租金的原门口租给别人
Conclusion:火车公司就可以容易的pay for renovation,并不会对tight budget造成负面影响
问加强
选B

5.
Premise:1.某机构出了report,说PZ 1000是同class中最低意外率的
ConclusionZ 1000是现有最安全的车
问削弱
yy答案:同class中意外率最低,不代表在所有车中最安全
选C

alicexyb

tai hao le

紫星当空

1 51秒
P The plastic rings that hold six-packs of beverage对野生动物有害，饮料公司用一种新的塑料可以在被消除
C 换成另一种会消除plastic rings 对动物的危害
削弱题，加入与前提相关的削弱结论
猜想：新的塑料分解后同样会有危害
A 与转换的时间无关
B正确，换成之后依然有危害，削弱
C 无关比较
D无关
E原文说wild animal 水生动物范围有点不对

2 43秒
P 虎鲨影响了旅游业（第二大产业）影响利润
C 除掉虎鲨，能保证例如
削弱题的plan and goal 题，
思路：PLAN即使做了也不能改变利润的下降
A 反项
B无关，不关心plan goal 之外的东西
C同上
D 正确，虎鲨鱼少----小鲨鱼多---鱼少---渔业受影响----第一大产业受影响
E  同B

3  36秒
削弱的plan goal 题
PLAN  以半价提供同样有营养的苹果
GOAL  K往E卖苹果
思路：即使半价也不能往E卖出苹果，PLAN 做了也没有效果
A 与plan goal 无关
B同上
C同上
D 反项
E 正确，E的苹果也是半价，K更没有优势

4 36秒
加强提的plan goal
plan  把大门挪到费用低的地方现在的通过高租金租出去
goal 可以很轻松的付账不会对budget有负面影响
预测： 应该和钱有关，客流量不会简少  
A C E与plan goal无关
B正确客流量不会减少，收入不会减少，不会对预算产生影响
D反项

5 忘记计时了
削弱提
p  PZ 1000在她的种类里车祸数最少
C 它是最安全的车
预测：她的车种类车祸数最高
A 反相
B 无关
C 正确，那个种类都不安全，pz车祸数不会少到哪去
D E无关


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

greygray

1
conclusion : carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years-Only 1 out of 25-than any other detective on the police force
question:weaken

出现数字，数字肯定不能代表实际情况。肯定有偏差值。
Carl may have received much more difficult cases than other detectived did.

2
background info: fullerences are synthezied in lab and after that it were found in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
primes: synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
conclusion: geologist can use the discovery to evaluate the geologist condition of the Earth.
qustion: weaken
hints: were first found

两个相似物体的对比。如果两个物体存在明显不同，则不能形成对比。
fellerence synthezied in labs and that found in the Earth may be different.


3
premis: emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs less than a therapeautic program that can significantly reduce chances of falling.

conclusion: the treatment program cannot  be justified

question: weaken

投入和支出不等。可能有其他投入或者支出没有考虑到
the treatment may save money in other way, or say falling may cost more money than mere treatment.


4
unimportant background information: the prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.

premise: voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early authumn, though, most voles live in far smaller groups.

conclusion: the seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

question: support.

keyword: young voles
hints: winter

条件的变化，引起结果的变化。可能存在中间条件。对中间条件的分析可能就是答案
Temperature and group size may be related to mortality among young voles.

5
background information: A popular beache has long has a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day. many dolphins get as much as half their food each day there.

premise: adulte dolphins are benefited from feeding program, but the life expectancy of their offerspring are affected compared to those feed exclusively in the wild.

hint: in the wild

question: explain.

条件变化，引起结果变化，可能存在中间条件。对中间条件的解释就是答案。