【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

daisyjin

Premise:
He has solved smaller percentage of the cases in the last 3 years than any other detectives.
Conclusion:
carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
rephrase: the cases carl faced is different to those of others.

A Correct.
  The more difficulty, the higher rate to fail. In this way, the rate of solvance cases cannot be the standard to judge a detective.
B Carl's past is nothing to do with the stimulus.
C Even with many resources, carl cannot solve the cases. It strength the conclusion.
D His past has nothing to do with the stimulus.
E The promotion is nothing to do with the rate of the solving case.

2.
Background: Fullerenes found in the laboratory has already been seen in nature.
Premise: Fullerenes made in the laboratory requires distinctive conditions.
Conclusion: In analogy, the environment of earth's crust at the time fullerenes growed can be identified.
Prephrase: there are difference between the nature growth and laboratory growth.
D

3.
Background: Olderly person spend 11000 for treatment resulted from a fall, on average.
            A new program can reduce the rate of olderly person falling.
Premise: New program costs 12500.
Conclusion: The cost cannot be justified.
Prephrase: There are other costs when olderly injured from a fall.
C

4.
Background: the characteristic of voles.
Premise: Fromlate autumn to winter, voles live in larger groups; From spring to early autumn, voles live in smaller groups.
Conclusion: The trait of living is relevent with the seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Prephrase: The season change can cause the difference in mortality.
E

5.
Background: there was a program of feeding dolphins.dolphins get as much as half of their food each day.
Premise: dolphins first benefit from the grogram as adults are healthy.
Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring lived in wild.
Prephrase: there is different between the offsprings of feeding dolphins and the offsprings living in wild.
E

黄俊

2121212121212121

lemontrees

一。
1) 计时：27.3
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Background Information:

Premise:
he finished small percentage of the tasks... .one out of 25
Conclusion:
C is a bad detective
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
less case=/=>good detective
4) 选项分析：选A

二
1) 计时：26  这个我做过 有点熟悉
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Premise:
F were first found in the labotary.F have been found in nature.its founding need different T and P(about environment).
Conclusion:
scentists should find out the environment that F  occur naturely
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
how about the evironment cant be mearsure?  我做过  嘤嘤嘤嘤
4) 选项分析：选D
三
1) 计时：19
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Premise:
 a falling of the older will cost them 1000(不清楚反正比后面少).a new program will cost 1200 to avoide older from falling
Conclusion:
this new program is not economical
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
what about the first one actualy more expensive than the last one?
4) 选项分析：选C
四
1) 计时：38
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Premise:
V is living on the grassland .the number of V living from late autum to winter is greater than that of from spring to
summer.
Conclusion:
the smaller nummber is due to the youth death.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
我做过  不知道怎么推测 中文逻辑链都写过一遍呀
4) 选项分析：选E
五
1) 计时：22
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Premise: D was feed by the people. D was healthy ,but D's offspring didnt grow well

Conclusion:
explain the pradox

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
the mother D didnot take care their baby well.
4) 选项分析：选E

liyao604

本来都打好了的，结果一下子全删了明天再跟帖！

chcaiy626

2014/8/17
第一题
1)        计时：27s
2) 逻辑链
Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Background Information: no
Premise:
He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion:
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
other information can show Carl didn’t do a good job.
4) 选项分析：选D
A the opposite; it strengthens the conclusion, close the gap between the premise and conclusion
B out of scope; whether Carl was a highly respected detective didn’t influence the conclusion
C out of scope; it shows the extensive resources that Carl was provided rather than why Carl wasn’t incompetent. It may potentially weaken the conclusion, but not directly.
D correct answer; it shows Carl couldn’t do well in the past either.
E out of scope; the promotion has nothing to do with the conclusion

第二题
1) 计时： 35s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Background Information:
   Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise:
laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion:
this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
fullerenes can be formed in many ways other than in laboratory; the conditions in laboratory cannot represent the complex situations in nature; NEW INFORMATION ‘Earth’s Crust’
4) 选项分析：选B
A out of scope; it states that the experiments in the laboratory was taken carefully rather than hastily
B correct answer; it shows fullerenes can be formed in other ways, apart from the distinctive conditions in the laboratory. It point out other reasonable possibility.
C out of scope; it talks about the mineral shungtite, not whether the conditions in laboratory are representative of situations in nature.
D out of scope; the structure is the problem we are trying to talk about
E the opposite; it may strengthen the conclusion someway and the tone is to strong.


第三题
1) 计时： 37s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Background Information:
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  
A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Premise:
Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion:
this treatment program cannot be justified
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
maybe at first, the cost of one treatment will be higher, but in the following days this treatment program can reduce the times of falling, thus reducing the overall cost in the long run.
4) 选项分析：选
A the opposite; it strengthen the conclusion
B out of scope; the place where the elderly person live does not influence the conclusion
C correct; it indicates that the cost of the emergency treatment may be underestimated and its actual cost to ease the long-term pain may be higher than the new program of treatment. It refutes the premise directly.
D out of scope; the difference between therapy and medication is not the problem we are trying to discuss here.
E the opposite; it may strengthen the conclusion by pointing out that the coat of the new program is higher for some reason.

第四题
1)        计时： 33
逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Background Information:
  The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Premise:
  a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
Conclusion:
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
some evidence show the direct casual relationship;
No other possibilities that can lead to the phenomenon;
Point that the reversed relationship is wrong;
The survey is suspicious, or the sample is not representative
4) 选项分析：选E
A out of scope; it describe a phenomenon that has nothing to do with the casual
B out of scope; the yearly variation is not related to the variations in mortality.
C the opposite; it describe something different from the background information
D out of scope; though winter is harsh, it didn’t mean it has something to do with the mortality in spring and autumn. We cannot know that whether prairie is afraid of coldness or not.
E correct answer; it indicates that the population of prairie vole may be suppressed by it predator

第五题
1)        计时： 25s
逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Background Information:
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise:
?
Conclusion:
Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
focus on the infection of the question stem that may indicate a difference between the way dolphins live in the beach and that in the wild
4) 选项分析：选 E
A not related; if that’s true, it should have the same effect on adult dolphins.
B out of scope; didn’t help to explain the phenomenon.
C the opposite; it contradicts the fact stated in the question stem above.
D out of scope; didn’t help
E correct answer.

lfesheep

谢谢~~~~

lzhang06

1. 3 years 1/25->smaller percentage-> Carl incompetent detective
1. big cases ;    relative value Vs absolute value
A 大案     A
B neutral
C Carl contributes, but beutral
D 1/30 analogous prove Carl an incompetent detective
E support Carldoes not promote, he is an incompetent detective

2. Counter Premise 1:Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory
P2:they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite
P2:Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
C:his discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time
these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Lab Fu formed in disctine conditions of temperature and pressure->Natrual F->natrual conditions on Earth
1. entirely Carbon 2. fissures of the rare mineral shungite3. Lab require conditional=\naure
4. local conditions=\global
A. S contains fu support
B.neutral some other
C.shu contains Carbon support=Lab
D.unknown structure=\Lab ->predict Earth conditions   D
E. disctive conditions support hypothesis

3. P1:On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
P2:A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Opposing ViewP: this treatment program will cost $12,500
C:  thus cannot be justified
high costs from a fall+new program
more costs on new program->not justified
!. program brings other benefits 2.
A. more falls-> support the C
B. not necessary comarision
C.mental pain not counter in insuance-> weaken
D.overmedication, support
E. the reasons for high costs not necessary


4.C :seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
P1 The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family,
often including two or more litters.
P2;Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter;
P3:from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
seaonal viration in mortaility->seasonal viration in group size
Support: environment influence mortality seasonly;benefits of such viration

A. springand summer highest young V->larger group weaken
B.neutral
C. food abundant in spring-> larger group weaken
D. harsh winter->larger group? smaller group?
E. Preditor in spring and autumn-> mortality decrease->smaller group  E

5. C: young dophine live shorter
P1: feeding program several times per day
P2: many dphine get half food each day
counter P3: adult dophine live longer
solve pradox: lack of exercise; nature selction;side effect of food
A. Sharks decrease in beach-. more porodox
B. care of->more offsprings not solve the problem
C. same fish->live longer paradox
D. few times-> more paradox
E. less skillls     E

采药去

精炼
【1‘30】
P: 过去三年解决的CASE比同事少
C：Carl是一个不称职的侦探
问weaken （推测方向：案子处理的少≠不称职；找出Carl优秀的事例）
A.        正确 案子少是因为案子都是很难的
B.        不相关—受不受邻居尊重跟办案又没关系；经常帮邻居倒垃圾邻居搞不好也很尊重他哦
C.        C服务的police force被提供的更多的资源—给C好的资源还办事效率不高，那只能说C确实有点无能了
D.        这个是support吧。。c之前在另外的城市破案率更低。。
E.        无关
逻辑链
2. 【2’30】
P：虽然F最先是在实验室发现的，但是它们其实已经在大自然中被找到过了；并且实验室合成F需要特殊的条件
C：地质学家应该检测F自然形成时的state的假设
问weaken （推测 ：除了自然和实验室还有其他的方法可以找到F
A.        无关
B.        在碰撞的残留物里面也发现了F（正确）
C.        无关
D.        无关-自然形成的F在之前不为所知的结构里
E.        无关-S只在特殊条件下形成，问的是F 又不管S的事情

3.【3‘00】P: 老人摔倒后的treatment花费平均是11000；一个新program可以减少老人摔倒的几率
C：虽然有很多很desirable reasons，但是这个program 要花费12500，因此不合理 be justified—合理的
问削弱  
推测：那就是说新项目其实很好的—好处
A.新项目之后摔得更厉害了—错
B. people living in nursing homes与people who live alone at home.相比-无关
C. medication不算在average person costs 里头（言下之意，其实不贵？）--正确
D.无关 --讨论focus的问题
E. cost还要继续上涨，那更不可能选new program了—错

4. 【3’】
P: 在晚秋到冬天许多voles群居；然而春天到早秋，大多live in smaller groups.
C: group size的季节变化也许能用 young voles死亡率的季节变化解释
Support
推测： 这里有明显的gap啊 选项里应该会提到 size和死亡率如何关联的，还有就是要体现季节变换
A. 在春天和初夏vole才有高比例的young voles, 没提到关于死亡的事，错
B. 只提到了size，错
C. vole供养只在春天茂盛的阔叶植物—无关
D.冬天很harsh， 温度都是零度以下，没有体现季节变换，错
E.主要捕食者蛇只在春天到早秋的时候活跃—正确

5.【2‘30】
BG：有个沙滩有给海豚喂食的项目，许多海豚在那里得到了将近一半的食物
P：起初项目里的adults健康且长寿，比起野外喂食的offspring, 项目喂食的adults的后代寿命更短
问解释
推测：要选项里肯定要提到关于offspring 的情况
A.        鲨鱼在off beach的开阔海域less common（相比其他海豚云集的开阔海域）--无关
B.        许多被feed的海豚是会照顾他们的小孩的雌性—有点相关，但是又觉得有点弱
C.        给的鱼和他们自己抓的鱼是同一种type—无关
D.        来沙滩几次—无关
E.        更少教他们的后代如何捕鱼—正确
还有就是想问怎么看选项啊 是我电脑的问题吗？我每次都要在那个空白处乱戳，经常只是显示几个字母，句子都看不完整。。。
然后又到处乱戳，不知到戳到哪里就看见全部空白的选项都显现出来了。。。我也是醉了啊
还有就是哪里有答案的呀。。。

wdybrian

1.
P: Solved a smaller % of the cases assigned to him in the last 3y than other detective
C: Carl is clearly an incompetent dtective.
A: 答案必须指出Carl和其他detective的区别 A

2.
P: Laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure.
C: This discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
A: 实验室条件和自然条件不能类比（必须提到不同）D

3.
P: The treatment program will cost more than emergency treatment.
C: Cannot be justified.
A: 12,500和11,000不是一个概念的花费 C

4.
P: Voles in large group from autumn through winter, but small group from spring through autumn.
C: A seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
A: 答案必须指出秋冬和春秋的不同 E

5.
P: Feeding program
C: First generation of dolphins lived longer, but their offspring lived shorter.
A: 答案必须涉及feeding program E

GiannaWEN

1.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Weaken: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
Prephrase: Carl is not incompetent. Conditions could be the cases he did were the toughest, time-costing and energy-costing. so, should be (A).
2.
Background: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.  Premise: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, Conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these natural

Weaken:Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
Prephrase: this discovery can’t give a test case for evaluating. Condition could be the lab cannot synthesis fullerenes repeatedly or the condition of temperature and pressure doesn’t represent the Earth’s natural. So, should be (D).
3.
Economist:  Premise1:On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  Premise2: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Conclusion: Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
Weaken: Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
Prephrase: new treatment will not cost such amount. Condition could be more payment for other conditions, like consulting fee. So, should be (E).
4.
Background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.  Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.


Strengthen: Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.3
Prephrase:  from spring through early autumn, small group because high mortality; from late autumn through winter, large group because low mortality
Condition could be like (E).
5.
Background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  Premise: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Strengthen: Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.4
Prephrase:  offspring cannot survive longer
Condition could be parents effects, lack of sports, surviving ability decrease, weak physique
So, should be (E).

Q3 is wrong. Let me try to understand why~~