【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

逍岚

削弱
原因：他三年来解决的问题比同期侦探少得多
结论：Carl 是个差的侦探
有可能他的案子难。
前提：治疗fall要11000
某项program可以减轻fall的概率
但是program要花12000
结论：program不可行
削弱：否认某项前提
Fall的11000没算全，fall可能还有别的医药费。
背景：vole是一种群居的啮齿动物
现象 vole秋冬群居数量大，春到秋数量小。
原因： 季节变化导致幼崽死亡率变大。
支持，引入他因解释为什么春夏幼崽死亡率高。
背景：有个feed dolphin 的项目，每天喂几次
结果：成年dolphin long live and healthy,它们的后代却短命。
解释，必须包含这个项目导致短命。
成年海豚没时间照顾小海豚了，没时间教它们生存技能了，奶质量低了。。

花生张

1.        计时：35S
Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
推测：solved a smaller percentage of the cases-------an incompetent detective  weaken?
      他因： 安排给C的案子都是最棘手的
             C可能是管理者，每天还有很多其他的事情要做
      因果联系： Detective有无能力的判断标准仅仅是破多少案子吗？？？
选项分析：选A
2.        计时：59S
Background: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,
Conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
推测：laboratory synthesis requires distinctive condition----evaluating the state of Earth’s crust  weaken?
      沧海桑田，没办法比较
      除了温度和气压，是否还有其他的因素？
      现在需要distinctive的温度和气压，并不等于以前需要
选项分析：选C
3.        计时：31S
Background: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Premise: this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion: thus cannot be justified.
推测：12500>11000  so the program is not justified        weaken?
Emergency treatment need 11000, what about other relevant disease? The total fee may over 12500
Justified的标准仅仅是钱多钱少吗？身体健康才最重要吧
摔一次就11000，多摔几次肿么办？不就花更多的钱，而且第一次摔倒后第二次摔倒的几率更大，治疗的钱也更多
选项分析：选C
4.        计时：47S
Background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality（死亡率） among young voles.
推测：support?
       秋冬季节小vole刚刚出生，单独喂养、觅食 都不方便，还要面对捕食者的威胁，需要合作；春秋小vole长大了，太多人挤在一起不好
选项分析：E
5.        计时：36S
Background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
现象: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
推测：explanation?
      成年的海豚在小时候扑食的时候身体各个器官已经发育完全，所以后来即使缺少锻炼，也木有关系。但小海豚就不同，小小年级就饭来张口，各种能力缺少锻炼，身体其实是不健康的，活不长是正常的
       小海豚的成才环境和野生的不同，抵御各种疾病的能力差，可能海豚在成长的过程中都会患某种疾病。
选项分析：E

花生张

看了大家的回帖练习，发现我的第二题答案和大部分人的不一样，第二题在做的时候就不是很清楚，有没有NN愿意解释一下C为什么不对？？？

花生张

第二题我知道我错在哪儿了，这应该是个方案评估题，方案评估的有4个方向：方案的可行性、方案的可接受性、方案的副作用和方案与实际情况的冲突。 这个题的突破口在方案的可行性：想用nature中形成的F去评估它形成时候的地壳的状况的假设，可是如果不知道F的晶体形状，就不能肯定自然中形成的F和实验室里的F是一模一样的，进而不能评估假设。

ELLENGONG2012

1.  A
Premise: C solve not too many problem, a smaller percentage than others
Conclusion:  C is an incompetent detective.
Prephrase: in this stimulus the percent can indicate the number, however, every problem`s situation is not the same. Maybe the only one problem he solved is more complicate than others` 10.     
(A)        Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.  ---------  The same withme. It is the other premise that can conclude other conclusion.
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.-----the fact that C was respected in these days wass irrelative to his work number.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.----this answer strength Cdon not have enough ability.opposite
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.-----his behavior inthat country cannot justify this city.irrelative
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.---this strength his ability is lower than others—opposite.

2 E  D
Background; f was found in the lab, however, it was found in the nature.
Premise:  synthesis F need a distinct temperature and pressure
Conclusion :expert can conclude that the form of the crust of the earth.
Prephase: even though f was found  in both lab and nature, it cannot be say their conditions are the same. Maybe there are other conditions that lab doesn`t have.  纠正→虽然都有F但可能二者的结构不同，不能作为推测标准
3.  A   C

Background : thereis a emergency treatment for elder peoson that cost $11000.
Premise: a new program can reduce the falling and many disrable reason. Howeve it cost $12500
Conclusion;  the  new cannot be justify.
Prephrase:   a higher cost can not equal with a worse program. Maybe the more moey you paid ,the more you get.  纠正→万一受伤花的钱超过12500多于11000的钱，这个新防护措施不就更加划算了嘛

4  E
Background : V live in a group family.
Premise:they live together in autumn from winter. And live in small group in the spring and early autumn.
Conclusion; the variation is for the variation mortality among young vprephase: when the young birth, they have to live with more vto  protact them. However, when they grow old, they can protact themselves.

5.  E
BACKGROUND: SOME FISH IS FEEding to dolphin several days, it can help them to get half of theirfood.
Statement : it is benefit to the older. However, thefeed d cannot live as long as the D that is wild feeding.
Prephasse: the lower life expectancy maybe because the feeding young ds don`t  have skill to prey, so the other half of food they cannot get.So they live shorter.

ELLENGONG2012

花生张 发表于 2013-10-17 15:29
1.        计时：35S
Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3  ...

花生张   我想问问，如果做错的题去哪讨论呢，没有正式的解释哈~

花生张

ELLENGONG2012 发表于 2013-10-20 17:05
花生张   我想问问，如果做错的题去哪讨论呢，没有正式的解释哈~

好像没有专门讨论地方。但是精练题楼主都会给出详细的解释，接下来的4道题都是PREP上的，我一般做错之后是在CD搜索题目的编号或GOOGLE上搜索题~

ELLENGONG2012

花生张 发表于 2013-10-20 21:11
好像没有专门讨论地方。但是精练题楼主都会给出详细的解释，接下来的4道题都是PREP上的，我一般做错之后 ...

恩，懂了谢谢啦

alicexyb

tai hao le

紫星当空

1 看题时间44秒
P：Calr solved a small percentage of cases than his collegues
C:  he is a incompetent decteive
预测：maybe becaues he is the best so the case he solves is the most diffiult
A 削弱
B 尊不尊重与c无关
C 无关选项
D过去无关
E应住在说Carl上，与他的同事无关


2看题时间1分25
P fulerenes were found in the nature
C scientists should evaluate the state of the crust when the fulerenes formed in nature
预测：laboratory experiment is not equivalent to what happened in nature
A does not make me feel right
B  small percentages do not represent the whole situation
C seems right
D 反项
E 绝对词only 不好，感觉不对

3  时间44秒
P treatment of old people injures costs more when the new program comes in
C it is not justified
预测 there are other costs that will be low when the new program starts
A 与costs 无关
B无关比较
C 正确 还有其他的费用
D无关比较
E 无关

4 时间1分19秒
p prairie vole 秋到冬多数在一起，春到冬少数在一起
C 变化时应为季节行的yong vole的生存率
预测：秋到冬时环境恶略，在一起下一代存活率高
A不能解释seize of group 与young voles de存活率之间现象
B 同上
C同上
D E 纠结
选D 好了，因与预测一致

5时间52秒
解释题应该没有PC 吧，它不属于argument 题型
矛盾点： 被喂养的海豚过的很好长寿，但他们的孩子比不被喂养的活的时间短
预测：被喂养的海豚有缺点，譬如不会带孩子
A不能结实矛盾点，使前后连贯，不矛盾
B 同上
c 同上
D同上
E 解释了矛盾，不会教孩子抓鱼，对孩子不好