短文都一样,选项略有不同。先说说削弱那题,把选项贴在下面,看的方便些: 原文简单的说就是:新创造的工作薪水高于现在城市平均水平,所以现在城市平均水平高于过去城市平均水平。 翻译过来以后,很明显,结论中比较的范围与前提中比较的范围不一致。前提是现在的局部与现在的整体比较,结论是现在的整体与过去的整体比较。
用数学来分析吧。 过去:城市平均工资A1= 将要被eliminate的那部分 E +没有被eliminate的那部分 C (C for constant) 现在:城市平均工资A2 = C + 创造的新工作的那部分 N (N for new) 前提说N > A2, 结论说A2 > A1. 要削弱结论,就要说明A2 <或= A1.由上面的两个式子看出,要想A2 < A1, 就要使 N < 或= E,正是C所说的内容。 C. Each year during Mayor Delmont’s tenure, the average pay for jobs that were eliminated has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide. - The unemployment rate in the city is higher today than it was when Mayor Delmont took office. 原文没有把失业率作为卖点,所以失业率不是削弱的突破口。
- The average pay for jobs in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office. 当这个人上任的时候,城市工资是十年来最低,有什么关系呢?结论说他上任后每年都往上涨。所以不是削弱。
- Each year during Mayor Delmont’s tenure, the average pay for jobs that were eliminated has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide.
- Most of the jobs eliminated during Mayor Delmont’s tenure were in declining industries. 减少的工作岗位都是在那些走下坡路的行业。这没有提到那些行业的工资情况,所以不能削弱“城市平均工资水平上涨”的结论。反而有可能支持结论,如果假设“走下坡路的行业工资低于城市平均工资水平”成立的话。
- The average pay for jobs in the city is currently lower than it is for jobs in the suburbs surrounding the city. 现在城市工资水平比乡村工资水平低,无关比较。
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