SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（四）Role (Boldface)

miffyhui

6. Plants that exhibit certain leaf diseases tend to measure extremely high in the amount of zinc in their leaf and stem tissue (Premise 1). Botanists have discovered that phosphorus of the type typically used in a phosphorus-high fertilizer reacts with the zinc in such a way as to prevent treated plants from exhibiting the leaf diseases (evidence), and zinc is the cause and not merely an effect of the leaf diseases (Intermediate Conclusion/Premise 2). Thus, plants can be cured from these leaf diseases by the use of a fertilizer high in phosphorus (Major Conclusion).

The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is the first-premise that the argument includes; the second is the second-premise that is in support of this argument.
(B) The first is the background that the argument includes; the second is the part of evidence in support of this argument.
(C) The first is the first-premise that the argument includes; the second is the consideration that is in support of the first.
(D) The first is the premise that supports the evidence; the second is that evidence.
(E) The first is the first-premise that the argument includes; the second is the second-premise that is complementary to other evidence.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/4/4 20:00:10)

Botanists have discovered that phosphorus of the type typically used in a phosphorus-high fertilizer reacts with the zinc in such a way as to prevent treated plants from exhibiting the leaf diseases (evidence), and zinc is the cause and not merely an effect of the leaf diseases (Intermediate Conclusion/Premise 2).一开始判断 Botanists have discovered that phosphorus of the type typically used in a phosphorus-high fertilizer reacts with the zinc in such a way as to prevent treated plants from exhibiting the leaf diseases这部分是evidence，由于后面用了and，所以后面那部分也是evidence的一部分,所以选E了，and可以连接evidence 和premise吗？

miffyhui

After taking several exercises,I find it difficult to distinguish the evidence from the background,could you explain it? thank you!

sdcar2010

In terms of supporting a statement, background can go both ways without any preference.

Evidence, on the other hand, either support the statement or weaken the statement.

ninawang31

楼主太牛了~~~真心膜拜+感谢啊~~比我见过的任何复习逻辑的资料都好~~

xieh618

10. Economist: To the extent that homelessness arises from a lack of available housing, it should not be assumed that th profit motive is at fault. Private investors will, in general, provide housing if hte market allows them to make a profit; it is unrealistic to expect investors to take risks with their property unless they get some benefit in return.


Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the economist's argument by the phrase "To the extent that homelessness arises from lack of available housing"?
A) It limits the application of the argument to a part of the problem
B) IT suggests that the primary cause of homelessness is lack of available housing.
C) It is offered as evidence crucial to the conclusion
D) It expresses the conclusion to be argued for
E) It suggests a possible solution to the problem of homelessness.

跪求楼主解释一下这道题。
D选项为什么不对。。。A选项是什么意思，limits the application of the argument 是什么意思

sdcar2010

Conclusion: it should not be assumed that th profit motive is at fault.
Therefore, D) is wrong.

limits the application of the argument: the scope of the argument.

812966141

you are the best of the best

812966141

1) Plant scientists have used genetic engineering on seeds to produce crop plants that are highly resistant to insect damage. Unfortunately, the seeds themselves are quite expensive, and the plants require more fertilizer and water to grow well than normal ones. Thus, for most farmers the savings on pesticides would not compensate for the higher seed costs and the cost of additional fertilizer. However, since consumer demand for grains, fruits, and vegetables grown without the use of pesticides continues to rise, the use of genetically engineered seeds of this kind is likely to become widespread.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first supplies a context for the argument; the second is the argument's main conclusion.
(B) The first introduces a development that the argument predicts will have a certain outcome; the second is a state of affairs that the argument denies will be part of that outcome.
(C) The first presents a development that the argument predicts will have a certain outcome; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that prediction. (C)
(D) The first provides evidence to support a prediction that the argument seeks to defend; the second is that prediction.
(E) The first and the second each provide evidence to support the argument's main conclusion.

Main conclusion:
The use of genetically engineered seeds of this kind is likely to become widespread
Opposing opinion:
The savings on pesticides would not compensate for the higher seed costs and the cost of additional fertilizer

Plant scientists have used genetic engineering on seeds to produce crop plants that are highly resistant to insect damage (Background). Unfortunately, the seeds themselves are quite expensive, and the plants require more fertilizer and water to grow well than normal ones (Premise to support Intermediate Conclusion or opposing opinion). Thus, for most farmers the savings on pesticides would not compensate for the higher seed costs and the cost of additional fertilizer (Intermediate Conclusion or opposing opinion). However, since consumer demand for grains, fruits, and vegetables grown without the use of pesticides continues to rise (Premise), the use of genetically engineered seeds of this kind is likely to become widespread (Main Conclusion).

There are two viewpoints here. The first part of the argument presents a well-supported opinion or prediction. The last sentence is the author's voice to argue against the opinion/prediction.

A) is a very tempting choice since it mentions Conclusion. But the 2nd BF also contains a Premise as well. Overall, C) is a better choice.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/19 21:35:34)

“unfortunately，···”这一句是用来支撑opposing 观点的，他虽然是中间结论的premise但他是否也是main conclusion的premise？

812966141

in this bf issue.i still can not distinguish the 1st bf si wether b g or premise, for the 1st bf provide info to make us clear about the conclusion, and we cannot eliminate it.
6. Plants that exhibit certain leaf diseases tend to measure extremely high in the amount of zinc in their leaf and stem tissue (Premise 1). Botanists have discovered that phosphorus of the type typically used in a phosphorus-high fertilizer reacts with the zinc in such a way as to prevent treated plants from exhibiting the leaf diseases (evidence), and zinc is the cause and not merely an effect of the leaf diseases (Intermediate Conclusion/Premise 2). Thus, plants can be cured from these leaf diseases by the use of a fertilizer high in phosphorus (Major Conclusion).

The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is the first-premise that the argument includes; the second is the second-premise that is in support of this argument.
(B) The first is the background that the argument includes; the second is the part of evidence in support of this argument.
(C) The first is the first-premise that the argument includes; the second is the consideration that is in support of the first.
(D) The first is the premise that supports the evidence; the second is that evidence.
(E) The first is the first-premise that the argument includes; the second is the second-premise that is complementary to other evidence.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/4/4 20:00:10)

812966141

NN，问你个问题。能不能这样说consideration is just a factor to be considered in forming a judgment or decision. so it will not support or weaken the conclution?