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第12单元：111-120题
In English it is idiomatic usage to credit someone with having done something. Hence, only choice B, the best answer, is idiomatic. The verb credited would have to be changed to regarded for choices A or D to be idiomatic, to believed for choice C to be idiomatic, and to given credit for choice E to be idiomatic.
Ø 固定搭配invest in，排除ABC Ø D的to develop优于E的for developing，选D Ø CE的that are多余 Ø Even应修饰more而不是than，AC错 Ø ABE的than后面都缺少比较对象，C的比较像变成了the road Ø 比较的是cars，是名词，因此不用presently，应用at present Ø C被动罗嗦，research的对象从developing变成了cars，改变原文意思 Ø ACE没有明确第二个被比较的对象 Ø B：even more gasoline-efficient cars on the road, 引起歧义：到底是指more cars变得gasoline-efficient还是指cars变得more gasoline-efficient Ø BCE都用了research for 〔verb〕，习惯用法应该为research to 〔verb〕 Ø C：awkward separates “even” and “more” 考点： Ø 比较：没有明确比较对象 Ø 习惯用法：credit sb with doing sth; research to [verb] Ø 修饰对象不明：even more + adj +noun 时，more不知道是在修饰adj还是在修饰noun Ø 逻辑关系：even修饰more而不是than（被修饰对象应紧跟adj） 生词： gasoline ＝gas |
Choice D, the best answer, uses the preposition than to compare two clearly specified and grammatically parallel terms, the cars the manufacturers hope to develop and those at present on the road. In A, the phrase more gasoline-efficient ... than presently on the road does not identify the second term of the comparison. In B, the misuse of modifying phrases produces an ambiguous and awkward statement: even more gasoline-efficient cars could refer either to more cars that are efficient or to cars that are more efficient. Choices B, C, and E all use research for [verb] where the idiom requires research to [verb]. In addition, C awkwardly separates even from more, and C and E again fail to indicate the second term of the comparison.
Ø …and…平行对称， have looked and seen，排除ABC
Ø E的whose有歧义，不知道修饰monkeys还是branches
Ø Hang应于sleeping对应，AE的hang和hung错
Ø B用被动，错
Ø 平行对称，have looked…and seen…
Ø ABE的whose从句没有紧跟其修饰对象monkeys
Ø AE用了hang和have hung，没有表达出monkeys被看到时的状态
Ø 正确答案D用了with…来修饰sleeping，解决了whose从句与其修饰对象分离产生的歧义问题
考点：
Ø 平行对称：have looked....and seen…
Ø 指代：whose从句要紧跟其修饰的对象，否则最好用with…来表达
Ø 逻辑关系：时态：hang的时态是否表达了当时的状态
生词：
Canopy
Choices A, B, and C use have ... saw where have ... seen is required. Choices A, B, and E awkwardly separate the relative clause beginning whose arms and legs ... from monkeys, the noun it modifies. Choices A and E also confusingly use the present tense hang and the present perfect have hung, respectively; neither verb conveys clearly that, at the time the monkeys were spotted sleeping, their arms and legs were hanging in the manner described. Choice D, the best answer, not only forms a correct and clear sentence by supplying the present perfect verb have ... seen, but also solves the problem of the whose ... clause by using the appropriately placed adverbial phrase with arms and legs hanging... to modify sleeping.
114.
Ø 句子结构为…, with…, which… that…，其中which修饰cedar，因此在baggage后应用逗号隔断which从句与后面部分的关系
Ø C的being多余，选D
Ø 正确答案E正确地表达了the canoe能载重但本身很轻的意思：a canoe…which could carry…yet was…light…。连词yet正确了连接了两个动词短语
Ø AB没有用“yet＋与could carry平行的动词短语”，没有表达出句子想表达的对比关系
Ø AB都在baggage后跟了adj结构，错误地表达了baggage（而不是canoe）很轻的意思
Ø C用对了yet但错用了being，这里应用was
Ø D的and后缺少动词，同时，and无法表达出yet的对比含义
错误点：
Ø 对句子不理解
Ø Which从句前有一个插入语时，which从句修饰插入语前最近的noun，不修饰插入语
考点：
Ø 逻辑关系：对比含义用连词yet
Ø 对称：动词短语yet 动词短语
生词：
Craft
工艺，手工
canoe
独木船
rib
肋材
rail
栏杆，横木
cedar
西洋杉，香柏
portage
搬运，运输
rapids
河水遇到石头水流较急的一段
impede
阻碍，减缓
Choice E, the best answer, states that although the canoe could transport cargo of considerable weight, it was light:
a canoe . . . which could carry . . . yet was . . . light.... Here, the conjunction yet is appropriately and correctly used to link two verb phrases. Choices A and B do not use yet with a verb parallel to could carry and thus fail to express this contrast. Furthermore, both place adjectival constructions after baggage, illogically stating that the eight hundred pounds of baggage, rather than the canoe, was light. Choice C supplies yet but ungrammatically uses the participle being where was is required. Similarly, D omits the necessary verb after and; and here again, the use of and rather than yet fails to express the contrast.
115
Ø 两者之间，用between…and…，选B
Ø 不是想强调want的动作而是表达一种状态，不用wanting[Z1]
Ø 两个之间：between…and…；多个之间：amoung
考点：
Ø 习惯用法：between…and…
生词：
Range
To spread or continue with great force or violence
Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the construction between x and y to describe the conflict between two opposing groups. Choices A and C each use the ungrammatical between x with y. Choices D and E incorrectly use the preposition among in place of between: among is used to describe the relationship of more than two elements, as in "the tension among residents"; between is generally used to describe the relationship of two entities. Choice E also repeats the with error.
Ø 举例最好用such不用of this kind
Ø 前面有better，后面应用than，选E
Ø AC的better…instead of错
Ø Religion是单数，BD的them错
Ø B的like these和C的these…缩小了spaces的范围
Ø 正确选项E：better served by x than by y，并用it指代religion
Ø Better served by x instead of/rather than by y都是unidiomatic的
Ø BD中them与religion单复数不对应
Ø 举例用such比用these合适
考点：
Ø 单复数之前后对应：religion和it
Ø -er…than，后跟instead of/rather than错
Ø 举例用such
生词：
Predisposition(to/towards)
a state of body or mind that is favourable to something,sften something bad.
Auditorium
storefront
Choice E, the best answer, correctly uses the construction is better served by x than by y and supplies the proper singular pronoun, it, to refer to religion. Choices A and B complete the construction beginning better served by x... unidiomatically, with instead of by y and rather than y. Also in B, them does not agree with its logical referent, religion. Choice C repeats the unidiomatic instead construction; in addition, such is preferable to these for presenting examples or instances. Choice D repeats the errors with rather than and them.
117.
Ø Claim to do，选D
Ø From…是修饰assess的，在其他选项中像修饰claims
Ø 优于定律：to be able to优于have the ability of doing
Ø AB应用claims that…的形式
Ø A的that紧跟sample，产生歧义：claim是从one…出来的
Ø BC的the ability of doing是unidiomatic的
Ø C的claim the ability和E的claim being…都是不合语法的
考点：
Ø 习惯用法：claim to do/claim that，claim noun和claim doing都是错的；the ability of doing是不惯用的
Ø 逻辑关系：from…修饰谁
生词：
trait
Choice D, the best answer, correctly uses an infinitive to connect the verb claims with the firm's assertion: claims to be able ... to assess .... All of the other choices use ungrammatical or unclear constructions after claims. Choices A and B present clauses that should be introduced by "claims that." In A, placing that after sample rather than after claims produces the unintended statement that the claim itself is made on the basis of a single one-page writing sample. Also, in B, the ability of assessing is unidiomatic. Choice C repeats this second fault and uses the unidiomatic claims the ability. Choice E uses the ungrammatical claims being able to assess.
Ø More后面跟than，排除DE
Ø 比较对象对等，前面是bases，后面应为同类事物，选B
Ø C的is与colleges单复数不符
Ø AD缺少those成分，将bases跟人作比较
Ø More…compared to错
Ø C的is so of也没有明确第二个比较对象，且wordy
考点：
Ø 比较：比较级形式：more …than
Ø 比较：逻辑关系：被比较的对象是哪两个
生词：
Divest
Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the construction more fragile ... than to compare the economic bases of private Black colleges with those of most predominantly White colleges. Choice A fails to supply a phrase like those of, thus illogically comparing the Black colleges' economic bases to predominantly White colleges. Similarly, in C than is so of does not clearly identify the second term of the comparison and is unnecessarily wordy. Like A, D makes an illogical comparison between bases and colleges, and both D and E use the unidiomatic and redundant more ... compared to.
119.
Ø A:be a cost of不如cost（verb）简洁
Ø D：already已经完成的动作，用costing错
Ø E的costs单数与effects不符
Ø C的with business costs of没有表明costs和effects的关系，选B
Ø 正确答案B清楚表明了是effects of drug and alcohol abuse cost business
Ø A:to business是awkward，且插在cost和修饰cost的成分之间，confusing。同时，a cost to business of不如cost business简洁
Ø C：with…是awkward和unclear的，没有表明是effects产生了costs
Ø DE：significant in…不能修饰前面的growing
忽略点：
在这里不知道该选significant还是significantly，不知道是修饰growing的，以为是修饰the use 的
考点：
Ø 逻辑关系：形容词副词选择：significant（ly）修饰谁
Ø 逻辑关系：C的with…没有表明effects和costs的关系
Ø 优于定律：动词cost优于名词a cost of
Ø 清晰：在noun和其修饰成分之间最好不要插入任何成分，以造成修饰对象不清（a cost to business of…）
生词：
Crack
Choice B, the best answer, uses clear and concise phrasing to state that it is the effects of drug and alcohol abuse that already cost business the sum mentioned. In A, to business is awkwardly and confusingly inserted between cost and the prepositional phrase that modifies it, and are already a cost to business is wordy and awkward compared to cost business. In C, already with business costs of... is awkward and unclear, failing to specify that those prior effects generate the cost. Choices D and E produce faulty constructions with the phrase significant in compounding, which cannot grammatically modify the verb form is growing.
Ø E的establish修饰the parthenom，排除
Ø 讲述的都是过去的动作，因此B的establishing、D的using都错
Ø C的used...like错，选A
Ø Used…as，B的like和D的to be错
Ø DC的过去完成时错，不存在过去的过去关系
Ø 习惯用法，“用作”：used as，like和to be都错
Ø Establish和use是并列发生在1456年的动作，不存在一个完成后另一个才开始的关系，不用过去完成时，CD错
Ø E的establishing和using修饰Athens，thus producing a absurd statement
忽略点：
句子的结构？句子的意思？
考点：
Ø 习惯用法：used as
Ø 逻辑关系：时态：establish 和use由谁发出？两个动作之间的时间关系？
生词：
Mosque
Fortress
Choice A, the best answer, correctly supplies the past tense verbs established and used to describe two actions performed in 1456; also, it idiomatically employs the phrase used the Acropolis as a fortress, in which used as means "employed in the capacity of." Choices B and C incorrectly replace as wiui like. Furthermore, in C, when he had established a mosque distorts the intended meaning by stating that the first action was completed before the second was begun. Similarly, in D, had established... using states that Mohammed had already performed the actions before capturing
第12单元总结
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发表于 2004-6-11 12:52:00
