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昨天整理了狒狒逻辑test1的归纳题和假设题，今天来总结一下加强和削弱 先来削弱Q4.6 lawyer大师对于削弱题目的归纳 看原文：找出结论和推出该结论的前提。特别注意结论的特殊性，和具体性。 找答案：用结论的具体性去区分有关无关，并结合 Test。对于特殊类，先预测出答案，用此预测找答案 Test：问自己，是否该答案使作者再考虑他的观点或者迫使作者做出反应或者原文该前提能证明该结论吗？ 几种特殊的类型： 1） 原文前提和结论关系不密切，正确选项直接weaken结论 2） 因果型结论：原文给出两件事，然后得出，结论说一件事（因）导致另一件事（果）weaken结论的方法包括：A其他原因导致该结果B隔断因果：有因无果，或者有果无因C因果颠倒 D显示因果关系的资料不准确 3） 条件型结论：结论带条件（即为充分必要）weaken的方法显示充分条件成立，必要条件可以不成立，或者举反例，或者提供有关信息。 4） 原文是类比：weaken方式为两者本质不同 5） 调查：有效性受怀疑（被调查的没有代表性等）
Question 4 The gray squirrel, introduced into local woodlands ten years ago, threatens the indigenous population of an endangered owl species, because the squirrel’s stripping of tree bark destroys the trees in which the owls nest. Some local officials have advocated setting out poison for the gray squirrels. The officials argue that his measure, while eliminating the squirrels, would pose no threat to the owl population, since the poison would be placed in containers accessible only to squirrels and other rodents. Which one of the following ,if true, most calls into question the official’s argument？ A.
One of the species whose members are likely to eat the poison in the red squirrel, a species on which owls do not prey. B. The owls whose nesting sites are currently being destroyed by the gray squirrels feed primarily on rodents. C.No indigenous population of any other bind species apart from the endangered owls is threatened by the gray squirrels. D.
The owls that tare threatened build their nests in the tops of trees, but the gray squirrels strip away back from the trunks. E. The officials’’ plan entails adding the poison to food sources that are usually eaten by rodents but not by other animals 这个题目在于提出一个方案，解决问题，但是忽略了其反作用或者副作用，OG上有这样的例子。 B为正确选项，将owls和rodents联系起来，如果rodents是owls的主要食物，那么毒死的rodents将更严重的减少猫头鹰的数量.其他选项均为无关。
Question 6 题干和Q5一样 Sales manager: the total number of meals sold last year much higheràconsumers desire our meals Accountant: the number of meals sold by every restaurants operating these two years actually decreased last year from the year beforeàthe desirability of our meals has decreased àa trend toward fewer sales. Which one of the following ,if true, most seriously calls into questions the accountant’s argument？ A.
The company’s restaurants last year dropped from their menus most of the new dishes that had been introduced the year before. B. Prior to last year there was an overall downward trend in the company’s sales C.Those of the company’s restaurants that did increase their sales last year did not offer large discounts on prices to attract customer D.
Sales of the company’s most expensive meal contributed little to the overall two-year sales increase E. Most of the company’s restaurants that were in operation throughout both last year and the year before are located in areas where residents experienced a severe overall decline in income last year. Lawyer大师说，用结论的具体性去区分有关无关，因为accountant的结论是，去年和前年的销量下降（evidence）饭店食物的受欢迎度降低（conclusion）;销售量有降低趋势（conclusion） A． reason 无关 B． 单从前年无法判断去年的趋势，既不能说明下降，也不能说明上升 C． 描述对象不正确 无关 D． 是一个原因，无关 E． 针对了描述对象：2-year history restaurant 他因： a severe overall decline in income 时间也一致：last year
支持类题目，lawyer的归纳 看原文即找答案：同weaken Test: 问自己，选项是否在某方面帮助了作者 几种特殊类型 原文前提和结论不密切：正确选项直接支持结论 因果型结论：即原文给出两件事，然后得出结论说一件事是另一件事的原因，support 该结论的方法a)没有其他原因导致该结果b)结合因果：或有因有果，或者无因无果c)因果没有颠倒d)显示因果关系资料是正确的 原文是类比：support 方式为两者本质相同 调查：有效性不受怀疑，调查对象具有代表性 假设类支持：将原文的gap补全，消除原文的推理缺陷，条件型结论经常以假设的方式出现。
Question2,9,11,15,18 Question 2 During the 1980’s, Japanese collectors were very active in the market for European art, especially as purchasers of nineteenth-century impressionist paintings. This striking pattern surely reflects a specific preference on the part of many Japanese collectors’ for certain n aesthetic attributes they found in nineteenth-century impressionist paintings. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the explanation above? A.
Impressionist paintings first became popular among art collectors in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century B. During the 1980’s , the Japanese economy underwent a sustained expansion that was unprecedented in the country’s recent history C.Several nineteenth-century impressionist painters adopted certain techniques and visual effects found in Japanese prints that are highly esteemed in Japan D.
During the 1960’sand the 1970’s , the prices of nineteenth-century impressionist paintings often exceeded the prices of paintings by older European masters E. During the 1980’s, collectors from Japan and around the world purchased many paintings and prints by well-known twentieth-century Japanese artist. 正确答案为C，直接举例说明原因，我觉得算是一个补全gap吧，作者首先提出一个事实，然后说这个事实说明了日本收藏家对19世纪印象派画家的一些审美特性有着偏爱。 答案C中说，这是因为19世纪印象派画家使用了一些在日本备受推崇的技术和视觉效果。
Question 9 Astronauts who experience weightlessness frequently get motion sickness. The astronauts see their own motion relative to passing objects, but while the astronauts are weightless their inner ears indicate that their bodies are not moving. The astronauts’ experience is best explanined by the hypothesis that conflicting information received by the brain about the body’s motion causes motion sickness. Which one of the following ,if true, provides the strongest additional support for the hypothesis above？ A.
During rough voyages ship passengers in cabins providing a view of the water are less likely to get motion sickness than are passengers in cabins providing no view. B. Many people who are experienced airplane passengers occasionally get motion sickness C.Some automobile passengers whose inner ears indicate that they are moving and who have a clear view of the objects they are passing get motion sickness D.
People who have aisle seats in trains or airplanes re as likely to get motion sickness as are people who have window seats. E. Some astronauts do not get motion sickness even after being in orbit for several days 这个题目是搭桥法，建立A与B的联系，这种运动疾病是由于大脑接受了不同的矛盾的信息，有两个信息来源，一个来自于内耳（静止），另一个来自于眼睛（运动） 只有A,C,D涉及两个信息源，C虽然有两种信息，但是两种信息都是运动的 D中与文中的例子相反，只有A是正确的，指出了获得两种不同信息较之于获得两种一致的信息容易得病。 Question11 The average cable television company offers its customers 50 channels, but new fiber-optic lines will enable telephone companies to provide 100 to 150 television channels to their customers for the same price as cable companies charge for 50.therefore, the new companies will displace cable companies within a few year. Which of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen the argument? A.
The initial cost per household of installing new fiber-optic television service will exceed the current cost of installing cable television service. B. The most popular movies and programs on channels carried by cable companies will also be offered on channels carried by the fiber-optic lines owned by the telephone companies. C.Cable television companies will respond to competition from the telephone companies by increasing the number of channels they offer. D.
Some telephone companies own cable companies in area other than those in which they provide telephone services E. The new fiber-optic services offered b y telephone companies will be subject to more stringent governmental programming regulations than those to which cable companies are not subject. 这个题目说，fiber-optic公司提供100到150个频道，cable television提供50个，他们价钱一样，结论是，fiber-optic将取代cable television，正确选项B说，他们都提供了popular的电影和节目。所以加强了取代的必然性。
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发表于 2009-3-20 12:31:00
, 这个星期每天，9：30PM一到，有20分钟就一定是在半梦半醒之间度过。：）