[原创]钢G连之杀G复习计划，情况差不多的朋友可以一齐加油！

ilhht

今天根据排除法的原则。我认真的整理了一下，狒狒逻辑的第一个test

首先看了归纳题：

Q5，8，13，16

这几个题目各有各的特点

再来回顾一下lawyer大师的经典语录

Must be ture 类型

看原文：共同结合点的，将其结合起来，看能推出什么。如果没有结合点儿，记住信息。对于原文有充分必要推理的，找出推理起点，（或者在原文，或者在问题，或者在选项），由起点列出链接，用该推理链接赵答案。常考numbers and percentages 和充分必要性。

答案：是原文某句话的重写，或者是逆否命题，或者是某几句话的结合，特别是原文有充分必要推理的，尽可能特别注意数量上和可能性的词

TEST：fact test 选项的内容全部来自于原文，也就是说，这类题型，出现新元素，必然错误。

 

Question 5

Sales manager: last year the total number of meals sold in our company restaurants was much higher than it was the year before. Obviously consumers find our meals desirable.

Accountant: if you look at individual restaurants, however, you find that the number of meals sold actually decreased substantially at every one of our restaurants that was in operation both last year and the year before. The desirability of our meals to consumers has clearly decreased, given that this group of restaurants- the only ones for which we have sales figures that permit a comparison between last year and the year before-demonstrates a trend toward fewer sales.

If the sales figures cited by the accountant and the sales manager are both accurate, which one of the following must be true?

A.The company opened at least one new restaurant in the last two years.

B.  The company’s meals are less competitive than they once were.

C.
                    The quality of the company’s meals has not improved over the last two years.

D.The prices of the company’s meals have changed over  the  past  two  years.

E.  The market share captured by the company’s restaurants fell last year.

 

根据lawyer的分析，先看问题，如果上面两个人说的都是正确的，那么下面的结论must be true 的是哪一个。

读了题目发现，sales manager主要说：总的sales相比去年增长了，顾客喜欢我们的食物；然而accountant说，但是每一家的销售量其实减小了。发现两者说话是有差异的。马上联想到，是什么原因导致了这个差异。总销售量＝个体销售量×数量，那么总销售量上升，个体销售量却下降，很显然，数量必然是增加的，所以直接选了A，这个题目主要利用数学公式。

 

Question 8

The stable functioning of society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals of its citizens. This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations. It will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.

The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays which one of the following roles in the argument?

A.It is the conclusion  of the argument

B.  It helps to support the conclusion of the argument

C.   It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established.

D.It is a consequence of the argument

E.  It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes.

 

这里首先来个小插曲：我听了狒狒网络课堂。关于充分必要性的问题，他做了一个总结

only if A, then B
            只有A，才有B （一般情况下没有B，有了A才有B，所以说有了B就一定会有A，A是必须的）（B―>A）

注意：和only if 最接近的元素一定是必要条件，箭头所致方向。一般情况only都起了倒叙的作用，只有一个特殊情况 if onlyA，thenB，只要A才能B这个不倒叙

If only A, then B  (AàB)

If A, then B (AàB)

A, unless B(非BàA)这个比较恶心，我也想了很久，如果没有B则有A，那么就是非B推主A，同样的，逆否命题也成立，非A推出B

Not A, unless B(AàB)如果上面一个想明白了，这个一样的道理，如果没有B，则没有A，逆否命题，有A则一定有B

Must byA in order to B
            （must和only一样，有倒叙的作用，原本是通过A措施，达到B目的，但是加了一个must，A措施则成为必须的，必要的，所以是箭头所指方向） （BàA）

A require B(AàB)B是A的必要条件

A is necessary to B (BàA) A是B成立所必须的

A depend/draw /base on B（AàB）B是A成立必须的

 

搞清楚了这个再来看这个题目就容易一点，

先看结论；A society is stable (A)àits laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens (B)

再看前面出现unless的地方，就是一个非C则非B，所以应该是BàC

B(the craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry)

C( the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations

很显然，C也是A的必要条件，所以正确答案应该选B

 

ilhht

Question 13

In 1712 the government of Country Y appointed a censor to prohibit the publication of any book critical of Country Y’s government; all new books legally published in the country after 1712 were approved by a censor. Under the first censor, one half of the book manuscripts submitted to the censor were not approved for publication. Under the next censor, only one quarter of the book manuscripts submitted were not approved, but the number of book manuscripts that were approved was the same under both censors.

If the statements in the passage are true. Which one of the following can be properly concluded from the?

A.
                    More books critical of country Y’s governments were published before the appointment of the first censor than after it.

B.   The first censor and the second censor prohibited the publication of the same number of book manuscripts

C.
                    More book manuscripts were submitted for approval to the first censor than to the second.

D.
                    The second censor allowed some book manuscripts to the published that the first censor would have considered critical of country Y’s government.

E.    The number of writers who wrote unpublished manuscripts was greater under the first censor than under the second.

 

这个题目跟前面那个数学公式的题目一个道理，先分析文章，发现，the number of book manuscripts that were approved was the same under both censors,并且 numbers of the first censor checked *1/2=numbers of the second censor *3/4.所以答案C为正确选项。

 

Question16

The axis of earth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of earth’s large, nearby moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildly fluctuating angles, and cannot support life.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

A.    If mars had a sufficiently large nearby moon, Mars would be able to support life.

B.    If earth’s moon were to leave earth’s orbit, earth’s climate would be unable to support life.

C.    Any planet with a stable, moderate axis tilt can support life.

D.   Gravitational influences other than moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the tilt angle of either earth’s or Mars’s axis

E.     No planet that has more than one moon can support life.

这个题目又是一个典型的必要条件的类型。

首先，题目中出现了only by，很显然only是修饰后面的by的，所以说by后面的元素和only最接近，所以是必要条件，是箭头所指的方向。A only by B，B是A的必要条件AàB逆否命题就是非Bà非A。

If earth’s moon were to leave earth’s orbit(非B)àthat angle cannot be kept fairly stable（非A）

接下来，又是一个推理，在非A的情况下，a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life.

非BàC

C earth’s climate would be unable to support life

所以联系第1和第2，两个推理链接

非Bà非A，非AàC

所以得出非BàC

所以选择答案B

ilhht

再来看看假设题目

做题目前先回忆lawyer大师的经典总结：

Assumption类型

看原文：同weaken,对于充分必要的，列出推理链

找答案：答案分两个类型1）support(填补推理上的概念gap)，defender(排除weaken结论的可能性，即排除他因)读原文，推理中有概念gap（特别是答案出现新元素），则答案填补这个gap（通常新元素必出现），否则找他因，排除推理中的weakness。最后用test检验或者排除易混淆的答案，对于后一类用有关无关有时比较好，用结论的具体性和无关性去分析，有关无关，排除剩下的用test。

Test：将选项取非，原文结论不成立者，则为正确答案。

Q7，10,12，14，17

Question 7

Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4000 to $5000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Therefore problems caused by such leaching in country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.Within the next few years, country X will impose a system of fines for illegal waste disposal by its industrial companies.

B.  Countries surrounding country X will reduce the amount of pollution that their factories release into the air and water

C.   Industrial development in country X will increase in the next few years.

D.Country X will begin the process of industrialization in the next few years

E.  No other country with a similar amount of industrial development has pollution problems that are as severe as those in country X

这个题目狒狒逻辑上的详解说的很清楚也很经典，就照抄了。

Principle: problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4000 to $5000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries

Premise(大前提):pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems 用来支持最后的conclusion

Conclusion：Problems in country X should begin to diminish in the next few years

Evidence: in country x, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5000

注意：题目的结论事实上是前提的一种改写

Hidden assumption：the industrial development in country X will increase in the next years so that its economic output will be more than $5000, it passes over the early stage of industrial development and has adequate resources to tackle leaching problems

题目文的假设，是必要条件

只有必要条件成立，结论才能成立，（AàB），没有这个必要条件，结论无法成立（非Bà非A）

A．   高额的罚款不能构成必要条件，如果由公司自身利益出发，宁愿接受罚款，则结论不成立

B．     Out of scope

C．   正确答案

D．   Weaken the conclusion

E．     时间不一致，比较对象也是无关的。

Question 10

In order to pressure the government of country S to become less repressive, some legislator in country R want to ban all exports from R to S. companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban. On the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunications equipment is widely available to the population of that country

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?

A.The government of S has recently increased the amount of telecommunication equipment it allows to be imported into the country

B.  The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would not be available solely top development officials in S

C.
     A majority of the members of R’s legislature do not favor exempting telecommunication equipment from the ban on exports to country S

D.Of all exports that could be sent to country S.telecommnication equipment would be the most effective in helping citizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government

E.  Without pressure from country R, the government of S would be able to continue repressing its citizens indefinitely

这个题目原文的意思：R国想通过禁止所有产品出口到S国，使得S国repressive，但是那些电信设备的生产商，不同意这个禁令，因为他们说，S国不可能对于一个被广泛大众使用了的产品，而repressive

所以说假设就是：进口的电信设备，没有只被高官用。如果取非，则结论必然不成立。所以答案选B

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-19 11:15:40编辑过]

ilhht

Question 12

The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip, therefore, it is possible for people to go to mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.the amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount of fuel

B.  the fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in composition from the fuel used to travel to Mars

C.   the device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of the spaceship crew’s living space

D.a conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably more expensive to construct than current space craft typically are

E.  the device for manufacturing fuel for the return to earth weight less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry form earth for the return trip

这个题目主要是说，如果飞机带着燃料飞去火星再回来，是不行的，因为超重了，但是装了一个device就可以实现了，所以说这个device使得回来时候的燃料要比原来的轻，所以就可以实现飞个来回了。很容易理解。E选项说，the device for manufacturing fuel for the return earth 比原来的那个轻。正好补全了gap，为什么device可以使得飞个来回得以实现。

Question 14

If the government increase its funding for civilian scientific research, private patrons and industries will believe that such research has become primarily the government’s responsibility. When they believe that research is no longer primarily their responsibility, private patrons and industries will decrease their contributions toward research. Therefore, in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research, the government should not increase its own funding

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A.Governments should bear the majority of the financial burden of funding for civilian scientific research

B.  Any increase in government funding would displace more private funding for civilian scientific research than it would provide

C.    Private donations toward research are no longer welcomed by researchers whose work receives government funding

D.Civilian scientific research cannot be conducted efficiently with more than one source of funding

E.  Funding for civilian scientific research is currently at the highest possible level.

这个题目中，private funding和government funding是一增一减的关系 也就是说

The total funding=private funding +government funding

根据题目中in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research, the government should not increase its own funding.假设是：B

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-19 12:06:40编辑过]

xxz5838

以下是引用ilhht在2009-3-13 18:55:00的发言：

在论坛上结识天蟹座1107，在她的鼓励下，我终于鼓起勇气开一个复习计划贴。先介绍一下复习情况和背景，我打算4月21日北美一战，目前复习状况

数学：做了OG绿皮＋黄皮，狒狒数学零零碎碎做过几十个。

语文：

        语法：OG11紫皮＋黄皮，做过一遍，紫皮分析过一遍，黄皮分析了一半。prep破解版语法整理了前70个。
       逻辑：OG11紫皮做过一遍，分析了大概一半（前一半，后一半，当中没有分析）黄皮做了一半左右，未分析。

       阅读：OG11紫皮做过（感觉跟没有做没什么区别）。黄皮做过一大半（感觉跟紫皮差不多），分析了8篇左右（都是短的）GWD分析了10篇阅读
       作文：还没有看过

模拷：很久之前做过3套GWD，超时＋错20＋，很惨很莫名。
 

汇报的时候，才发现自己真的是没有尽最大努力，我记得有一个牛人说（原话我忘记了），大概意思是：在复习G的过程中，如果不付出真正的努力，没有大强度的练习，没有毅力克服，即使进了商学院，也很难完成。这句话令我很震撼。其实我在复习G的过程中，一直是很快乐的，当然我一直在偷懒，也有爆发式突击的情况，不过我常常觉得学到了许多东西，并不是G的知识，而是在学习的过程中一种微妙的感觉。在此也感谢一直支持我的一个神秘人。好了，言归正传。和天蝎座1107商量结盟一起复习，我真是有些惭愧，她的进度远远比我高很多，很佩服她还帮大家整理JJ，不过她鼓励我说：现在什么也别想，好好定个计划，把G考了吧，否则太折磨人了。
 

我们决定一齐做狒狒数学，其他部分我还暂时跟不上她的进度。

 

 

今天起了个大早，拟定了一个短期目标，这个目标是（3月13日－3月22日）10天

 

数学：狒狒数学和天蟹座1107一齐完成暂定每天30个题目

 

语法：我想主要解决prep320破解

 

逻辑：紫皮和黄皮分析一遍，GWD前6套的逻辑分析一遍

 

阅读：GWD前6套的阅读分析一遍，时间有充裕OG阅读也可以重新分析

 

 

之所以没有定量每天干什么，我就是尝试一下可不可以定个大概目标，然后依照每天的状况去完成，因为我们要求的是质而不是量，我不想因为追求量，而减低质，或者是由于没有完成量而感到无比挫败，最终放弃了，越来越不想弄，大方向定好，心中有数，反而有挑战，状态好，可以多完成一些，也能允许有张有驰，这个阶段的目标是把基础打牢。接下来打算按照天蝎座1107的建议每天一套GWD并且要加上作文了，哎，逃避不是办法啊。

 

好了，先说到这里。我会每天更新，谈一谈复习的体会和问题。衷心祝福每一个努力的朋友都能取得好成绩，人生能有几回搏。再努力一点，更接近目标了。

 

     

我要加入，我要加入，数学还没开始看。

ilhht

楼上的，热烈欢迎！！！来吧来吧来吧来吧，我们这个团一共2个人，加你3个了，一起加油！！4你什么时候考试啊？天蝎MM是4月16，我是4月21

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-19 13:03:55编辑过]

xxz5838

以下是引用ilhht在2009-3-19 13:01:00的发言：

楼上的，热烈欢迎！！！来吧来吧来吧来吧，我们这个团一共2个人，加你3个了，一起加油！！4你什么时候考试啊？天蝎MM是4月16，我是4月21

我4/13/09， 不知道能不能看到数学机经。

从明天开始UPDATE学习计划。还有要在星期五前把OG12 UPDATE完

另外，我是是在职，希望不会拖你们后腿。

ilhht

当然不会啦，欢迎加入，都说数学不会超出OG之前math review的范围，我打算认真研究一遍，当然里面有些基础的东西，你和天蝎MM都可以不用看了，节约时间，我把容易错的都弄出来。希望可以帮到你们！

１整数的性质

1)Y=xn, 如果ｘ不等于０，那么ｘ可以说成是ｙ的因子，除数（divisor/factor）ｙ也可以以说成是ｘ的倍数(multiple)，或者是可以被ｘ整除 (divisible by x)

Ex:7 is a divisor or factor of 28 since 28=7*4 ,but 8 in not a divisor of 28 since there is no integer n such that 28=8*n

2)要知道商怎么说（quotient）余数怎么说（remainder），规定比如说ｙ除以ｘ，余数为０，这样才可以说ｙ能够被ｘ整除。

３）能够被２整除的都是偶数，不能够被２整除的都是奇数

４）if at least one factor of a product of integers is even, then the product is even; Otherwise the product is odd. If two integers are both even or odd, then their sum and their difference are even. Otherwise, their sum and their difference are odd.对于一个整数的乘积，只要有一个因子是偶数，那么这个积就是偶数，否则就是奇数。两个整数，奇偶性如果相同，他们的和和差都是偶数，反之，则都是奇数。

５）质数是一个正整数只包括１和它本身两个正因子。注意：１不是质数　　every integer greater than 1 either is prime or can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime factors

６）连续整数可以表示成；ｎ，ｎ＋１，ｎ＋２…

连续偶整数可以表示成：２ｎ，２ｎ＋２，２ｎ＋４…

连续奇整数可以表示成：２ｎ＋１，２ｎ＋３，２ｎ+3

Where n is an integer

7)１的性质：１乘以任意一个数，还等于它本身，如果ｎ不等于０，ｎ乘以１／ｎ＝１注意：the number 1 can be expressed in many ways for example: n/n=1 for any number

8)０的性质：０既不是正数，也不是负数。任意一个数字＋０还等于它本身，０乘以任何数字都等于０，０不能作为除数出现。

 

２分数

１）  分子（numerator） 分母（denominator）,分母不能为0

２）  倒数（reciprocal）

 

3 小数

１）  首先要熟悉表示：

千位：Thousands

百位：Hundreds

十位：Tens

个位：Ones or units

十分位：Tenths

百分位：Hundredths

千分位：Thousandths

2)要会使用科学计数法

 

3 实数(real number)

1)
                    所有的实数都能在数轴上表示出来，除了0以外，不是正，就是负。

2)
                    注意：要是说，the number n is between 1 and 4 on the number line意思说n〉1和n<4,也就是说1<n<4但是如果说，n is between 1 and 4 ,inclusive ,那么就包括端点1<=n<=4

3)
                    绝对值，是一个数字和0在数轴上的距离，（absolute value）除了0以外，其他任何数字的绝对值都会是正数。

4)
                    在运算性质中有一个要注意：x和y的和的绝对值小于等于x和y绝对值的和。

ilhht

5 比率

１）  the ratio of the number a to the number b (b不为0)is a/b

２）  proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal 比如说2/3=8/12 is a proportion

6 百分率

1)  percent means per hundred or number out of 100

2)  注意在做一些增长了百分之多少的题目地时候，注意除数一定是原始的数值。比如：if the price of an item increase from $24to$30, what is the percent increase in price?应该用（30-24）/24=25% 同样的，如果说问the price of an item is reduced from $30 to $24,问减低的百分比，这个时候就要用(30-24)/30=20%

分母是original的数据

7乘方和开方

  这部分貌似没什么就是一点要注意：根号下N表示的是那个正的值，比如根号9，表示的是3，而不要粗心把它算出来得3，和－3了

8 descriptive statistics

１）  一列数的中位数可以小于/大于/等于它的平均数

２）  Mode是众数的意思，就是一列数中出现频率最高的一个

３）  Standard deviation: the more the data are spread away from the mean, the greater the standard deviation 注意：The standard deviation depends on every data value, although it depends most on values that are farthest from the mean.

４）  关于表示一组数字如何分布的方法还有一个：frequency distribution, which is useful for data that have values occurring with varying frequencies (貌似这个不太常见，但是好像我在哪里做模考时候遇到过图标题目一定要看懂)

   举个例子：比如一组数字如下：

－4 ， 0， 0，－3， －2， －1， －1， 0， －1， 4

－1， －5，0，－2， 0， －5， －2， 0， 0， －1

Data value	frequency
-5	2
-4	2
-3	1
-2	3
-1	5
0	7
total	20

注意，如果给了这个图表，

Mean=((-5)*(2)+(-4)*(2)+(-3)*(1)+(-2)*(3)+(-1)*(5)+(0)*(7))/20＝－1.6

Median:-1 (the average of the 10^th and 11^th numbers)

Mode:0(the number that occurs most frequently

Range:0-(-5)=5

Standard deviation:根号下(（－5＋1.6）^2*(2)+(-4+1.6)^2*(2)+…+(0+1.6)^2*(7))/20=1.7

9集合

1)
                    集合内元素的顺序是无关的，比如一个集合包括5，4，2，另一个集合包括4，5，2，这两个集合相等

2)
                    有一个叫做venn diagram的东西，我不会弄图，反正这个肯定要搞明白的。

 

 

10 counting methods

１）  阶乘：Factorial if n is an integer greater than 1, then N factorial, denoted by the symbol N!

２）  0!=1!=1

11 discrete probability

1)
                    if the event “E and F “is impossible,（用集合的方式表示就是说，E交F是空集），then E and F are said to be mutually exclusive events(互斥事件)，and P(E and F)=0 这个时候addition rule有一个特殊情况，当E和F是互斥事件的时候。P(E or F)=P(E)+P(F)

2)
                    如果E和F independent那么P(E or F)=P(E)+P(F)-P(E)*P(F)

 

 

 

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-20 14:56:57编辑过]

xxz5838

太感谢MM了，努力ＩＮＧ：Ｄ

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-19 14:13:00编辑过]