携隐小教室第四期－答疑（首页更新回贴汇总-4/13/08）

Vemma

JJ，XY13套，有什么特别难易程度的波动么？

我XY11模考的错误率突然比平时的降低了5个。而且一般是一天模考一次

今天继续模考一下，等会回来

lawyer_1

以下是引用ambrosecelin在2008-4-9 8:51:00的发言：

真是不好意思，想了想还是要来麻烦JJ,还是逻辑的问题，4.22就考试了，但感觉还是没悟出些什么道道来，尤其有时候会搞不清结论到底是什么，更重要的是其紧前推理信息是什么...关于有关无关的问题，还是很苦恼，比如下题：（PREP cr1-21）

Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.  The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.  Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.

(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.

(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.

(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.

(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

答案是D，但我做的时候很轻易地就把D排除了，觉得climatic conditions完全没有关系啊...相比于下面这道题：

First-time computer buyers buying PXC home computers typically buy models that cost much less and have a smaller profit margin per computer than do PXC computers bought by people replacing their computers with more powerful models.  Last year PXC's profits from computer sales were substantially higher than the previous year, although about the same number of PXC computers were sold and the prices and profit margins for each computer model that PXC sells remained unchanged.

If the statements above are true, which of the following is most strongly supported by them?

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(B) The number of people buying PXC computers who also bought PXC computer-related products, such as printers, was larger last year than the previous year.

(C) Among computer buyers who bought a PXC computer to replace their existing computer, the proportion who were replacing a computer made by a competitor of PXC was greater last year than the previous year.

(D) The proportion of PXC computers bought by first-time computer buyers was smaller last year than the previous year.

(E) PXC's production costs for its computers were lower last year than they had been the previous year.

答案选D，但我看到B就选了，虽然B中有新内容，如printers等，但它不是支持了结论吗？结论说大体情况都没变，但它的sales增加了

以上是我做题时的迷茫，事后每题都花了15分钟来研究，最后得出一些初步的总结，请JJ看下：

第一题：

结论：emmer wheat最早被养在那些有narrow strip的地方

紧前前提：因为最原始的emmer wheat被发现在有narrow strip的地方

当时选了B：现代实验证明：wild emmer wheat更容易被养，以致于和traditionally domestic strains一样好（不知道这么翻译对不对...）

D：在那些wild emmer wheat生长的具有strip的地方，农业发展前期的天气变化很少

这道题分析来分析去其实还是相当迷茫的。。。。

第二题：

结论：PXC公司的计算机销售额比前些年明显高了

紧前前提（although）：PXC公司的电脑数量，价格，单位盈利不变

D: 购买具有便宜的model的computer的人比前些年少了，也就是说，在数量没有变的情况下，购买贵的model的人多了。

B: 原文没有涉及到其他配件的信息，所以无关。

我看lawyer的那篇文章，特别提到了结论的具体性和特殊性，但始终把握不了，还有说要特别注意推出结论的直接前提，这个直接前提的概念也很模糊...好像越到考试思路越混乱了... 希望JJ能够指点。。。不然真是越来越迷茫了。。。

3x....

1.注意结论的具体和特殊性指的是: 结论在讲的是某一人,某一物,某时间,某地点,某一方面.而不是其它.明白这点,才明白哪些在推理的范围内,才明白有关无关.这点的作用在做题时要慢慢体会.

2.所谓直接前提是:当你看完提干后,在闹里形成的"因为(直接前提)..所以(结论)",这个直接前提通常只有一句话或简单几个字.

3.第一题D的支持很弱.

原文推理: 因为cultivated emmer wheat在这些WIL emmer wheat的STRIP发现(直接前提), 所以cultivated emmer wheat最早在这里种植.

D说这里一直以来天气都没变,适合种cultivated emmer wheat.(因为现在还种cultivated emmer wheat).意思说发现的cultivated emmer wheat不是从别的地方来的.

4.第二题.是MUST BE TRUE.强掉一下.MUST BE TRUE不需知道直接前提和结论.通常有两种题.一种是原文信息结合得出的意思,就是答案.第二种是充分必要推理.

原文提供的信息.

1.相对BUYERS讲,有两种MODEL的计算机,一种是First-time computer buyers,一种是 replacing their computers

2.第一种利润低,后者利润高

3.销售计算机总量一样,这两种计算机各自价格,利润没变.

4.今年比去年利润多

很显然的结论是: 前种类型计算机(利润低)SELL少啦.即答案D

wenyue1006

来麻烦jj了 关于阅读的问题

我现在做阅读如果遇到长文章 正确率就比较高 因为我觉得相对短文章 长文章的结构和层次更加清楚 很容易去定位

但是我的短文章做的就很糟糕 因为文章短 所以结构就更加紧密 有时候一句话就是一个观点 下句话就是别的观点了

所以在做短文章的时候就很容易出现文章每句话读懂了 但是整个文章的脉络却不清楚 导致做题定位是定位不出来

我现在每次做完文章回头去分析时都会先写出逻辑连 然后根据问题仔细找定位 可是好像还是没有什么起色

做到新文章的时候又懵了

JJ给点建议吧 谢谢了

携隐

以下是引用Vemma在2008-4-11 19:22:00的发言：

JJ，XY13套，有什么特别难易程度的波动么？

我XY11模考的错误率突然比平时的降低了5个。而且一般是一天模考一次

今天继续模考一下，等会回来

是有几套稍微简单一些的，不过我不记得是哪几套了。困境区以前也有人发过帖子问是不是某几套相对简单，你可以搜一下。

携隐

以下是引用wenyue1006在2008-4-11 23:18:00的发言：

来麻烦jj了 关于阅读的问题

我现在做阅读如果遇到长文章 正确率就比较高 因为我觉得相对短文章 长文章的结构和层次更加清楚 很容易去定位

但是我的短文章做的就很糟糕 因为文章短 所以结构就更加紧密 有时候一句话就是一个观点 下句话就是别的观点了

所以在做短文章的时候就很容易出现文章每句话读懂了 但是整个文章的脉络却不清楚 导致做题定位是定位不出来

我现在每次做完文章回头去分析时都会先写出逻辑连 然后根据问题仔细找定位 可是好像还是没有什么起色

做到新文章的时候又懵了

JJ给点建议吧 谢谢了

如果你熟悉了读文章找架构，长文章和短文章是一样的，相反，短文章的架构还比长文章要清晰一些，因为骨架上面的肉少啊。你去看一下前两页我分析的那篇短文章，就可以看到，无论文章长短，其组成架构的关节是一样的，只要你掌握了这些关节敏感出题点和敏感词（比如分号，递进，转折，让步，等等），你就可以轻易掌握架构了。平时分析文章的时候，就要注意把这些语言现象，关节词拎出来，做的多了就熟悉了。

携隐

以下是引用lawyer_1在2008-4-11 21:51:00的发言：

小教室前有yaoyao，后有lawyer，藏龙卧虎啊。大家不要浪费资源，踊跃提问哦。

smartcoco

阅读现在是我的死穴。不知道如何提高。我想问问XYMM，当你们读完一片文章后，是对文章的架构掌握的多些，还是对文章的内容了解的多些？就是说，读完一篇文章后，是不是应该对文章的内容一清二楚么呢？
汗～～～也不知道说清楚没有？

yaoyao99

以下是引用smartcoco在2008-4-12 4:51:00的发言：
当你们读完一片文章后，是对文章的架构掌握的多些，还是对文章的内容了解的多些？就是说，读完一篇文章后，是不是应该对文章的内容一清二楚么呢？

Step one should be a clear understanding of the overall structure.  If you can reliably identify where the information is, it will only take you an extra 2-3 seconds to locate the content in the article.  Step two should strive for a clear idea of the overall theme.  If you can summarize the arguments in the article then you should be able to answer most questions.  Ideally, especially for shorter articles, you would know both the structure and the content and be able to answer questions without re-reading the article at all.  Good luck!

hopefaith001

lawyer_1给我讲道题吧。

A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.

 

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?

 

(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally.

(B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.

(C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.

(D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.

(E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.

 

实在不明白为啥选A.

我做此题的时候选C.但是后来看了发现C如果改一下会更好。如果改成

D. The older children assigned punishment in a way that the same as the way adults had assigned punishment in the same experiment.

这样子的话D是不是就对了？

请指教。

我最近在看你的逻辑的总结。在weaken题中出现的你提到的这几个特殊的题型做题时总是对应不起来.尤其是我下面用红色标出来的这三个题型.请你抽出宝贵的时间给我讲解一下吧.谢谢啦.

几种特殊类型：

原文前提和结论关系不密切：正确选项直接WEAKEN结论

因果型结论：即原文给出两件事，然后得出结论说是一件事（因）导致另一件事（果）。WEAKEN该结论的方法包括：A。是其他原因或可能导致该结果。B。割断因果：或有因无果或有果无因。C。因果颠倒了。D显示因果关系的资料不准确。

条件型结论：结论带条件（即为充分必要）。WEAKEN的方法显示充分条件成立，必要条件可以不成立。或举反例，或提供有关信息。

wenyue1006

以下是引用携隐在2008-4-12 2:24:00的发言：

如果你熟悉了读文章找架构，长文章和短文章是一样的，相反，短文章的架构还比长文章要清晰一些，因为骨架上面的肉少啊。你去看一下前两页我分析的那篇短文章，就可以看到，无论文章长短，其组成架构的关节是一样的，只要你掌握了这些关节敏感出题点和敏感词（比如分号，递进，转折，让步，等等），你就可以轻易掌握架构了。平时分析文章的时候，就要注意把这些语言现象，关节词拎出来，做的多了就熟悉了。

那篇文章我看了

觉得JJ对于关键词的超级敏感  我想我还是自己做的不够多的原因吧

虽然平时知道一些词的重要性  但是真正的做题的时候就对那些词没反应了

我会多加练习的  谢谢JJ