携隐小教室第四期－答疑（首页更新回贴汇总-4/13/08）

bonbonhu

以下是引用携隐在2008-4-3 12:47:00的发言：

作文先开始做模版，然后把黄金80看一下，每个题目想一下自己的思路，熟读7宗罪，好好应用一下，看几篇作文区的范文，就差不多了。不要担心。作文模版写的好，4分应该没问题的。

谢谢mm

携隐

以下是引用bonbonhu在2008-4-7 11:20:00的发言：

mm,想问一下google搜索怎么个搜法啊,可以举个例子吗?

你不确定的用法，或者头一次看到觉得奇怪的用法，google一下就会出来很多案例供你参考了。比如一个动词后面的介词是in还是on还是at，你要是不确定，字典也查不到，google一下，就会出现真正的用法了。

google出来的英文绝大部分是正确的，就算少量不正确也淹没在正确用法的海洋里了。

携隐

以下是引用betty2169在2008-4-7 11:23:00的发言：

XY姐姐,你好

我还有20多天就考了,OG综合(黄皮)看了几遍,请问还要看Verbal和数学的分册吗?

另,Prep什么时候开始做比较合适啊?现在正确率很低,不敢做,怕做了很差浪费了

谢谢啦~

OG：如果你说的是重复的，那要不要看就看你自己的熟悉程度了。

Prep：不清楚，没用过这个资料，但如果是很多套模拟题，就好像GWD那样的话，考前20天都不做，要等到什么时候做呢？

携隐

以下是引用monprince在2008-4-7 23:03:00的发言：

哈哈，姐姐我又来了。

目前处于水深火热的RC第一遍总结中，用了姐姐和MUMU的逻辑简图，目前45行左右的文章（咖啡因、南丁格尔、印第安人等）用了这个后感觉思路很清晰，但是30行左右的题感觉很有问题，例如这篇：

      In an attempt to improve the overall performance of clerical workers, many companies have introduced computerized performance monitoring and control systems (CPMCS) that record and report a worker’s computer-driven activities. However, at least one study has shown that such monitoring may not be having the desired effect. In the study, researchers asked monitored clerical workers and their supervisors how assessments of productivity affected supervisors’ ratings of workers’ performance. In contrast to unmonitored workers doing the same work, who without exception identified the most important element in their jobs as customer service, the monitored workers and their supervisors all responded that productivity was the critical factor in assigning ratings. This finding suggested that there should have been a strong correlation between a monitored worker’s productivity and the overall rating the worker received. However, measures of the relationship between overall rating and individual elements of performance clearly supported the conclusion that supervisors gave considerable weight to criteria such as attendance, accuracy, and indications of customer satisfaction.

      It is possible that productivity may be a “hygiene factor,” that is, if it is too low, it will hurt the overall rating. But the evidence suggests that beyond the point at which productivity becomes “good enough,” higher productivity per se is unlikely to improve a rating.

It can be inferred that the author of the passage discusses “unmonitored workers” (line 4) primarily in order to

(A) compare the ratings of these workers with the ratings of monitored workers

(B) provide an example of a case in which monitoring might be effective

(C) provide evidence of an inappropriate use of CPMCS

(D) emphasize the effect that CPMCS may have on workers’ perceptions of their jobs（D）

(E) illustrate the effect that CPMCS may have on workers’ ratings

According to the passage, a “hygiene factor” (lines 8) is an aspect of a worker’s performance that

(A) has no effect on the rating of a worker’s performance

(B) is so basic to performance that it is assumed to be adequate for all workers

(C) is given less importance than it deserves in rating a worker’s performance

(D) is not likely to affect a worker’s rating unless it is judged to be inadequate（D）

(E) is important primarily because of the effect it has on a worker’s rating

这类题对文章的总体理解比那些长文章要求要高，不像长文章的举例、具体分析可以略读，不知道逻辑简图相应要怎么作，以及怎么去针对性训练呢？

又给姐姐添麻烦啦

对我来说没有长文章短文章的区别，用的方法都是一样的，包含的内容其实也都差不多。文章长，写的就比较简单，文章短，字句之间包含的信息量相对就大一些。所以整篇文章的中心思想和主要内容，跟文章长短的关系不大。

我从来都没有说过有什么可以略读。区别在于，有些地方你读过去就知道是出题点，要格外留意，有些地方你知道不太可能出题，但也是组成文章架构的一部分。GMAT的文章最大的特点就是一句话不多，一句话不少，非常精炼，而且读多了，会发现他们阐述问题的架构如出一辙（本来阅读就是大逻辑，而严密的逻辑论证本来就是一个套路）－－等到了这个地步，根本就没有略读不略读的概念，因为你读文章会自然的一气呵成了。

ambrosecelin

真是不好意思，想了想还是要来麻烦JJ,还是逻辑的问题，4.22就考试了，但感觉还是没悟出些什么道道来，尤其有时候会搞不清结论到底是什么，更重要的是其紧前推理信息是什么...关于有关无关的问题，还是很苦恼，比如下题：（PREP cr1-21）

Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.  The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.  Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.

(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.

(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.

(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.

(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

答案是D，但我做的时候很轻易地就把D排除了，觉得climatic conditions完全没有关系啊...相比于下面这道题：

First-time computer buyers buying PXC home computers typically buy models that cost much less and have a smaller profit margin per computer than do PXC computers bought by people replacing their computers with more powerful models.  Last year PXC's profits from computer sales were substantially higher than the previous year, although about the same number of PXC computers were sold and the prices and profit margins for each computer model that PXC sells remained unchanged.

If the statements above are true, which of the following is most strongly supported by them?

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(B) The number of people buying PXC computers who also bought PXC computer-related products, such as printers, was larger last year than the previous year.

(C) Among computer buyers who bought a PXC computer to replace their existing computer, the proportion who were replacing a computer made by a competitor of PXC was greater last year than the previous year.

(D) The proportion of PXC computers bought by first-time computer buyers was smaller last year than the previous year.

(E) PXC's production costs for its computers were lower last year than they had been the previous year.

答案选D，但我看到B就选了，虽然B中有新内容，如printers等，但它不是支持了结论吗？结论说大体情况都没变，但它的sales增加了

以上是我做题时的迷茫，事后每题都花了15分钟来研究，最后得出一些初步的总结，请JJ看下：

第一题：

结论：emmer wheat最早被养在那些有narrow strip的地方

紧前前提：因为最原始的emmer wheat被发现在有narrow strip的地方

当时选了B：现代实验证明：wild emmer wheat更容易被养，以致于和traditionally domestic strains一样好（不知道这么翻译对不对...）

D：在那些wild emmer wheat生长的具有strip的地方，农业发展前期的天气变化很少

这道题分析来分析去其实还是相当迷茫的。。。。

第二题：

结论：PXC公司的计算机销售额比前些年明显高了

紧前前提（although）：PXC公司的电脑数量，价格，单位盈利不变

D: 购买具有便宜的model的computer的人比前些年少了，也就是说，在数量没有变的情况下，购买贵的model的人多了。

B: 原文没有涉及到其他配件的信息，所以无关。

我看lawyer的那篇文章，特别提到了结论的具体性和特殊性，但始终把握不了，还有说要特别注意推出结论的直接前提，这个直接前提的概念也很模糊...好像越到考试思路越混乱了... 希望JJ能够指点。。。不然真是越来越迷茫了。。。

3x....

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-4-9 10:04:46编辑过]

shirley8707

ＸＹＪＪ，你好，我现在计划严格按照姐姐的　指示，此外还自己增加了ＰＲＥＰ的题目来强化，最近觉得自己的阅读突然下降了，昨天做了一篇ＰＲＥＰ的阅读，一共四个题目，我全错掉了。

后来我发现我错的题目都是没有订好位置。我知道一些词一看就会出题，问题是有些文章一点转折或是题诗的意思都没有，我就全部读下来，最后作题目，再回去找，很难定位。这该怎么办呀？

In a new book about the antiparty feeling of the early political leaders of the United States, Ralph Ketcham argues that the first six Presidents differed decisively from later Presidents because the first six held values inherited from the classical humanist tradition of eighteenth-century England. In this view, government was designed not to satisfy the private desires of the people but to make them better citizens; this tradition stressed the disinterested devotion of political leaders to the public good.  Justice, wisdom, and courage were more important qualities in a leader than the ability to organize voters and win elections.  Indeed, leaders were supposed to be called to office rather than to run for office.  And if they took up the burdens of public office with a sense of duty, leaders also believed that such offices were naturally their due because of their social preeminence or their contributions to the country.  Given this classical conception of leadership, it is not surprising that the first six Presidents condemned political parties.  Parties were partial by definition, self-interested, and therefore serving something other than the transcendent public good.

 

Even during the first presidency (Washington's), however, the classical conception of virtuous leadership was being undermined by commercial forces that had been gathering since at least the beginning of the eighteenth century.  Commerce--its profit-making, its self-interestedness, its individualism--became the enemy of these classical ideals.  Although Ketcham does not picture the struggle in quite this way, he does rightly see Jackson's tenure (the seventh presidency) as the culmination of the acceptance of party, commerce, and individualism.  For the Jacksonians, nonpartisanship lost its relevance, and under the direction of Van Buren, party gained a new legitimacy.  The classical ideals of the first six Presidents became identified with a privileged aristocracy, an aristocracy that had to be overcome in order to allow competition between opposing political interests.  Ketcham is so strongly committed to justifying the classical ideals, however, that he underestimates the advantages of their decline.  For example, the classical conception of leadership was incompatible with our modern notion of the freedoms of speech and press, freedoms intimately associated with the legitimacy of opposing political parties. 2‘30

 

Question #29.  148-01
                (22595-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-01)

The passage is primarily concerned with（主题题）

(A) describing and comparing two theories about the early history of the United States

(B) describing and analyzing an argument about the early history of the United States

(C) discussing new evidence that qualifies a theory about the early history of the United States

(D) refuting a theory about political leadership in the United States

(E) resolving an ambiguity in an argument about political leadership in the United States

Question #30.  148-02
                (22641-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-02)

According to the passage, the author and Ketcham agree on which of the following points?（细节题）

(A) The first six Presidents held the same ideas about political parties as did later Presidents in the United States.

(B) Classical ideals supported the growth of commercial forces in the United States.

(C) The first political parties in the United States were formed during Van Buren's term in office.

(D) The first six Presidents placed great emphasis on individualism and civil rights.

(E) Widespread acceptance of political parties occurred during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Question #31.  148-03
                (22687-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-03)

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree that modern views of the freedoms of speech and press are（推段题）

(A) values closely associated with the beliefs of the aristocracy of the early United States

(B) political rights less compatible with democracy and individualism than with classical ideals

(C) political rights uninfluenced by the formation of opposing political parties

(D) values not inherent in the classical humanist tradition of eighteenth-century England

(E) values whose interpretation would have been agreed on by all United States Presidents

Question #32.  148-04
                (22733-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-04)

Which of the following, if true, provides the LEAST support for the author's argument about commerce and political parties during Jackson's presidency?（逻辑题）

(A) Many supporters of Jackson resisted the commercialization that could result from participation in a national economy.

(B) Protest against the corrupt and partisan nature of political parties in the United States subsided during Jackson's presidency.

(C) During Jackson's presidency the use of money became more common than bartering of goods and services.

(D) More northerners than southerners supported Jackson because southerners were opposed to the development of a commercial economy.

(E) Andrew Jackson did not feel as strongly committed to the classical ideals of leadership as George Washington had felt.

红色为答案。可是我之前作却不觉得他们对。姐姐你说一般看到没有任何提示点的地方读文章呢？

携隐

以下是引用ambrosecelin在2008-4-9 8:51:00的发言：

真是不好意思，想了想还是要来麻烦JJ,还是逻辑的问题，4.22就考试了，但感觉还是没悟出些什么道道来，尤其有时候会搞不清结论到底是什么，更重要的是其紧前推理信息是什么...关于有关无关的问题，还是很苦恼，比如下题：（PREP cr1-21）

Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.  The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.  Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.

(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.

(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.

(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.

(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

答案是D，但我做的时候很轻易地就把D排除了，觉得climatic conditions完全没有关系啊...相比于下面这道题：

First-time computer buyers buying PXC home computers typically buy models that cost much less and have a smaller profit margin per computer than do PXC computers bought by people replacing their computers with more powerful models.  Last year PXC's profits from computer sales were substantially higher than the previous year, although about the same number of PXC computers were sold and the prices and profit margins for each computer model that PXC sells remained unchanged.

If the statements above are true, which of the following is most strongly supported by them?

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

(B) The number of people buying PXC computers who also bought PXC computer-related products, such as printers, was larger last year than the previous year.

(C) Among computer buyers who bought a PXC computer to replace their existing computer, the proportion who were replacing a computer made by a competitor of PXC was greater last year than the previous year.

(D) The proportion of PXC computers bought by first-time computer buyers was smaller last year than the previous year.

(E) PXC's production costs for its computers were lower last year than they had been the previous year.

答案选D，但我看到B就选了，虽然B中有新内容，如printers等，但它不是支持了结论吗？结论说大体情况都没变，但它的sales增加了

以上是我做题时的迷茫，事后每题都花了15分钟来研究，最后得出一些初步的总结，请JJ看下：

第一题：

结论：emmer wheat最早被养在那些有narrow strip的地方

紧前前提：因为最原始的emmer wheat被发现在有narrow strip的地方

当时选了B：现代实验证明：wild emmer wheat更容易被养，以致于和traditionally domestic strains一样好（不知道这么翻译对不对...）

D：在那些wild emmer wheat生长的具有strip的地方，农业发展前期的天气变化很少

这道题分析来分析去其实还是相当迷茫的。。。。

第二题：

结论：PXC公司的计算机销售额比前些年明显高了

紧前前提（although）：PXC公司的电脑数量，价格，单位盈利不变

D: 购买具有便宜的model的computer的人比前些年少了，也就是说，在数量没有变的情况下，购买贵的model的人多了。

B: 原文没有涉及到其他配件的信息，所以无关。

我看lawyer的那篇文章，特别提到了结论的具体性和特殊性，但始终把握不了，还有说要特别注意推出结论的直接前提，这个直接前提的概念也很模糊...好像越到考试思路越混乱了... 希望JJ能够指点。。。不然真是越来越迷茫了。。。

3x....

MM，你的有关无关概念完全不对。有关无关指得是跟题目的有关无关，跟关键逻辑链的有关无关，而不是你自己“感觉”上的有关无关。有关无关，是从题目出发，检查选项和题目给出的信息之间的“relationship”（这是OG解释里最常用的词），而不是从你自己的推理出发，倒过来寻找你感觉正确的方向上的所谓“有关无关”。

逻辑是需要非常严谨的。所推理的过程，要非常紧密的贴合题干给出的信息，一点偏差都不行。这些“偏差”就是无关。严格贴合题干信息就是有关。以你给的题目为例：

第一题，首先要注意，strengthen不是要你完全排除其他可能性，不是要你论证结论100％正确，只要给出和题干相关的，有利于结论的信息就可以了。先看题干给了我们什么信息：who？－－emmer wheat，where？－－一个stripe，when？－－说的是过去的事情，研究的是历史。what？－－被发现，why？－－证明emmer最早在国内开始种植的地方。再看答案：

A：who？－－einkorn。它爱怎么折腾跟emmer无关。

B：这里有三个无关，随便哪个都可以用来排除这个答案：who？－－traditional wheat，跟emmer啥关系啊。what？－－容易种植，跟历史啥关系啊？when？－－morden，跟过去啥关系啊。

C：who对了，说的是emmer，when对了，说的是过去，但是what和why都不对，营养不营养跟我们讨论的追溯源头没关系，而且根本都没有提到where，而这个where才是题干要退出的结论啊。

E：who？－－other wheat。也没有提到where。

再看D：who？－－emmer；where？－－that stripe；when？－－被发现后到现在；what？－－种植生长。完美的有关啊。气候只是其中一个有利于结论的因素，只要前面几项符合，不说气候，说别的也都行啊，比如你可以把气候改成土壤，或者改成水分，或者改成当地的开发没有过分，等等等等。这些都不是关键，关键是，这个答案说的就是题干说的东西。

以上是详细分析。其实GMAT的题目出的很体贴人的，在错误选项中，他们总会额外放一点东西来让你知道这个是错误选项，做题的时候都不需要这么详细的分析（但是做完题目之后是分析的越详细越好）。比如A中的present-day以及distribution，B中的modern，C中的all，E中的genetic testing，这些都是题干中完全没有提到过的东西。每个错误答案，都有好几个无关的地方，方便你筛选，GMAT的题目就是这样。

第二题也是一个道理。简单的说，题目中说的是老的模型，新的模型，profit，margin。有说过printer吗？一看到printer出来就是错的。逻辑的目的不是要你无论如何证明结论是正确的，而是要你找到逻辑关系，找到符合逻辑推理的那一个答案。而且这个题目根本都不是加强题，你为什么要去考虑一个加强的答案？这个题目是要你找出解释现象的原因，题目都说的这么清楚了，一看就知道是D啊。

lawyer的东西也好，其他大牛的东西也好，我说的东西也好，都是需要自己去甄别筛选，选取对自己有用的部分来看的。lawyer说的具体性和特殊性，要是实在不明白，短期内也搞不懂，那就放弃，找自己觉得舒服的方法。其实，lawyer的方法好，不在于每字每句的去钻他说的东西，而在于他的总体思路，你掌握了总体逻辑思路就好了，不是说一定要每个题目找特殊性具体性。逻辑也好，阅读也好，分析的过程可能是拆开题目看每个细节，但是这样做的原因，是要最后形成一种逻辑思路，而不是还用所谓的“方法”去套题目。说到底，严谨的逻辑思路才是最重要的。

携隐

shirley，

每一篇文章都有提示，都有重点，不存在你说的“完全没有提示点”的情况。你觉得读下来没有重点是你对这些出题点还不敏感，分析的方向可能不太对吧？以你的文章为例：

当我读到第一句话的头4个单词的时候，我就知道第一道主题题的答案了。"In a new book..."，这里“new”就是出题点。有new，就有classical，既然有新有旧，必然有argument。又，GMAT文章的作者态度，总是相对比较中立又有一点偏向新理论的（这不是所谓的规律，这是可以理解的。首先，一般写评论的作者，都自诩站在中立角度，否则看问题不够客观公正；其次，如果作者完全不赞成新书观点，他根本不会写这篇文章。写文章，就是要指出，新书观点值得一看，是有对的地方的）。所以CD的“one” theory可以排除了。本篇讲的不是科学，所以也不存在什么theory，A也可以排除。剩下BE，如果答案是E的话，作者不会以“in a new book...“开头，他会说，"in the argument of..."，因为重点在于argument中的模糊不清的地方嘛。所以说，new这一个字，代表了作者会先介绍新的，再提到老的，再加入自己的观点。这就是一个很大的出题点了啊。

看完第一段，应该有种感觉，那就是其实论点很简单，作者只是花了一点篇幅去解释。既然他说了这么多，都说的是同样的东西，那很少会在这一段出细节题，最多出“新观点说的是什么”之类的题。看到第二段，出现了新老观点的对比－－这就是出题点啊！在一篇新老观点文章中，新老观点之间的不同是文章的重心。第二段第一句话开门见山说的就是这个（两段的短文章一般主要观点就是每段的第一句话），however一出现，立刻要注意however后面的内容。接着第三句，作者来了个“although”－－让步语气永远是出题点，这里可以出两个题目：1）作者同意新观点的什么？——although后面的内容；2）作者不同意新观点什么／作者认为新观点有什么缺陷？－－让步语气的后半句内容。果然后面第二题就考到了。

接着看下去，文章最后又来一个however。果然，后面出的第三题就是however后面的内容。

第四题需要你对文章做出理解。其实你如果按照刚才的出题点思路去读，到这里就很清楚作者的观点了，第四题也就不是那么难了。即使这一题错了，起码前面三个题目都是很简单，不应该错，也不需要回头定位的。

所以你看，这篇文章的出题点非常的清楚。上来就说了新理论，你要搞清楚新理论的内容。但是在新理论之后，作者用了分号啦，平行句子啦，进一步说明啦等等，就是没有转折，只有一个小递进Indeed，说明一直在解释新理论，所以第一段，就是新理论的内容。第二段有两个however，一个although，每个都是出题点。第一个however说的是新老理论的不同（argument），第二个however和那一个although，上面都说了。最后第四题，其实也是这两个however和一个although的内容。

GMAT的文章，架构非常清晰，逻辑非常严谨，找出题点很容易。你现在只是对这些出题点不敏感，继续努力就好了。

作者自己的态度－－任何文章中，一旦涉及到作者表态，都是很重要的东西（你想啊，这就是作者写这篇文章的目的啊，能不重要吗）。

mandy_lulu

看了XY JJ的具体分析,果然有豁然开朗的感觉.估计是我还处在就题目论题目的水平,要上升到JJ的高度境界得从本质分析题目.

我再回去看OG,希望能有新所得.本来想上来求助JJ自己时间不够,GWD什么都没做完的,现在想想求JJ也没用,还不如有限时间该干吗干吗去,不过有JJ这样的导师在,真是很幸运的,呵呵!

ambrosecelin

携隐JJ,真是太感动+感激

早上看了你的帖子，反复研究了好几遍，觉得真得回答得非常针对我的问题，对于有关无关的概念清楚了很多，后来做了点题，虽然时间变慢了，但正确率上升了很多，最主要是做题的时候有些把握了，知道为什么会去排除这个选项，理由是什么，而不像以前那样即使排除了也要么是很模糊的，要么是很武断的，就像JJ所说的，跟着自己的感觉在走。。却还没有意识到。。。

恩，我有一些想法，还想请JJ验证一下：

我觉得好像判断有关无关的标志，就是：仅凭原文的信息能否证明该选项的信息是正确的？？

我觉得我今天早上碰到几个混选项的时候都是用这个依据来做的，结果都对了。。。不知道是有巧合的成分还是的确是这样？还是说它只适用于几种题型？今天早上做了Weaken, Strengthen,Assumption,Explanation题，Conclusion题没做，但感觉应该也适用吧？Evaluation题等其他题型持保留意见...

下面引用一个今天早上做题的例子，也请JJ看一下我的思路对不对，麻烦了！

The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second.  The lung function of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that of nonsmokers.  Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.

Which of the following is an assumption on which this argument depends?

(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.

(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.

(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.

(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.

(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.

Key:E，J

结论：一种使吸烟者增强肺功能的方法是增加富有维他命和矿物质食物的食用量

推论：第一部分是在说，维他命和矿物质有利于肺功能，第二部分是在说，吸烟者比不吸烟者的肺功能普遍较弱

总结来说，整道题的主体(what)就是：维他命和矿物质，肺功能，吸烟者=>讨论的范围不会超过这些，论述的概念是三者的关系

逻辑推理一定是和这些元素紧密结合的

A：吸烟者更少食用维他命和矿物质。吸烟者的用多用少，单凭文章信息是推不出来的

B：哪种人的肺功能好不是讨论的范围，子集合

C：其他的健康问题不在讨论范围

D：停止吸烟的概念不在讨论范围

E：非常正确。把答案取非，得出，吸烟引入体内的化学物质会阻止维他命和矿物质进入血管，根据原文，进入血管后可以增加肺功能，那么阻止进入了血管后则不会增加肺功能，即这些维他命和矿物质其实是失去效用了，与原文的观点相背！

3x~~~~~again.........

P.S截止至11：00a.m.今天做了10道CR，全对了...但还是仔细分析了这10道，猜的成分变少了很多，但还是有..再次谢谢携隐JJ

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-4-10 11:09:07编辑过]