Boldface第4题和第8题及几个术语的再解释

buddyk

那么fact和evidence有什么区别呢

leeon

I think fact is always be true, evidence can be false or be reasoned from some information to support or refute one point.

For example:

Earth is the center of the Milky Way galaxy, because every star turns around the Earth.

Here "every star turns around the Earth" is an evidence used to support the conclusion. But it is not a fact.

A fact can be something happened before or always be truth.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-15 16:10:19编辑过]

skyguard2000

我认为一句话从性质上可以分为Fact、Principle和Idea（Theory、Reasoning）。

　　Fact：已发生的客观事实。

　　Principle：General Fact，持续有效，可以指导未来。

　　Idea（Theory、Reasoning）：抽象说理。

从一句话在推理过程中的功能上可以分为Background、Premise、Evidence、Conclusion、Inference。

　　Evidence：和Conclusion最接近，是Evidence-->Conclusion的形式，可以由Fact和Principle担任。

　　Conclusion：结论，没什么可说的，一般出现在so，thus，therefore等词之后。

　　Premise：一般比Evidence离Conclusion远一些，可以由Idea和Principle担任。

　　Background：一般比Evidence离Conclusion远一些，可以由Fact和Principle担任。

　　Inference：原文换一种方法说。

与Conclusion在推理关系的密切程度上，Background<remise<Evidence。

ETS希望考的是某一句话在推理过程中的功能，所以，如果一句话是Fact充当Evidence，应该将其作为Evidence，也就是说，功能优先于性质。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-14 9:31:22编辑过]

Novena

楼上说的很在理：

ETS希望考的是某一句话在推理过程中的功能，所以，如果一句话是Fact充当Evidence，应该将其作为Evidence，也就是说，功能优先于性质。

sammaijgd

principle:the basic idea that a plan or system is based on

premise:a statement or idea that you accept as true and use as a base for developing other ideas

sammaijgd

以下是引用leeon在2004-10-15 16:09:00的发言：

I think fact is always be true, evidence can be false or be reasoned from some information to support or refute one point.

For example:

Earth is the center of the Milky Way galaxy, because every star turns around the Earth.

Here "every star turns around the Earth" is an evidence used to support the conclusion. But it is not a fact.

A fact can be something happened before or always be truth.

"every star turns around the Earth"是通过常识知道这句话的不正确，可以判断为evidence．假如这句话，你不知道对错，怎么判断出来fact　or　evidence？

novice3

thx

dreamchaserdan

同意23楼的，非常清楚

二狼神

以下是引用fyhllj在2003-9-26 11:08:00的发言：
第四题：

4. More and more computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are being produced, and it is thus increasingly unnecessary for practicing engineers to have a thorough understanding of fundamental mathematical principles. Consequently, in training engineers who will work in industry, less emphasis should be placed on mathematical principles, so that space in the engineering curriculum will be available for other important subjects.
The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is the second-premise that the argument includes; the second is the conclusion that could be drawn from this passage.
(B) The first is the fact that is necessary for this argument; the second is the conclusion that must be drawn from this passage.
(C) The first is the part of premise that the argument includes; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(D) The first is the part of evidence that supports this argument; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(E) The first is the first conclusion in this argument; the second is the second conclusion in this argument.


解答：

选项e: The first is the first conclusion in this argument(其并没有反对其作premise的作用）
the second is the second conclusion in this argument.
但是选项c: The first is the part of premise that the argument includes.却误把第一句也作为premise而实际上，他是一个fact.



看了这里看不懂:为何E"不反对"而正确,C"作为"就是错误?既然不反对,怎么不能作为呢?既然不能作为,就应该反对(作为)啊?难道还有程度不同的区别,虽然方向没有不同?这种测量程度上的不同会不会过于模糊而有悖ETS的出题原则?

我个人支持C,因为C明确说了只是"the part of premise ",并不是作为(一个完整意义上的)premise,所以楼主的反对理由似乎没有切中要害.请指教!

cattsky

以下是引用fyhllj在2003-9-26 12:23:00的发言：
consideration and evidence:

Consideration:

I think it is a factor to be considered in forming a judgment or decision: Safety is the most important consideration in choosing a car.

Evidence:

A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment: Scientists weigh the evidence for and against a hypothesis.

In one word, consideration is you have to think about it when forming a desion and evidence is that for or against your opinion based on that

consideration是在作决定时必须要考虑的。
evidence是对你的决定进行支持。
举个例子：
决定去读MBA。
读MBA的投资是否值得？
读MBA可以挣大钱。
第一个就是consideration，而第二个是evidience.

希望解释清楚了。

可否把consideration理解为reasoning process?