Boldface第4题和第8题及几个术语的再解释

cattsky

以下是引用skyguard2000在2005-2-14 9:28:00的发言：
我认为一句话从性质上可以分为Fact、Principle和Idea（Theory、Reasoning）。

　　Fact：已发生的客观事实。

　　Principle：General Fact，持续有效，可以指导未来。

　　Idea（Theory、Reasoning）：抽象说理。

从一句话在推理过程中的功能上可以分为Background、Premise、Evidence、Conclusion、Inference。

　　Evidence：和Conclusion最接近，是Evidence-->Conclusion的形式，可以由Fact和Principle担任。

　　Conclusion：结论，没什么可说的，一般出现在so，thus，therefore等词之后。

　　Premise：一般比Evidence离Conclusion远一些，可以由Idea和Principle担任。

　　Background：一般比Evidence离Conclusion远一些，可以由Fact和Principle担任。

　　Inference：原文换一种方法说。

与Conclusion在推理关系的密切程度上，Background<remise<Evidence。

ETS希望考的是某一句话在推理过程中的功能，所以，如果一句话是Fact充当Evidence，应该将其作为Evidence，也就是说，功能优先于性质。

wisdom spark!

AA_BAOBAO

thank youuuuuuuuuuu

youyi800

以下是引用fyhllj在2003-9-26 11:08:00的发言：
第四题：

4. More and more computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are being produced, and it is thus increasingly unnecessary for practicing engineers to have a thorough understanding of fundamental mathematical principles. Consequently, in training engineers who will work in industry, less emphasis should be placed on mathematical principles, so that space in the engineering curriculum will be available for other important subjects.
The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is the second-premise that the argument includes; the second is the conclusion that could be drawn from this passage.
(B) The first is the fact that is necessary for this argument; the second is the conclusion that must be drawn from this passage.
(C) The first is the part of premise that the argument includes; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(D) The first is the part of evidence that supports this argument; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(E) The first is the first conclusion in this argument; the second is the second conclusion in this argument.


解答：

1。More and more computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are being produced。 是一个fact,不是premise.
2.it is thus increasingly unnecessary for practicing engineers to have a thorough understanding of fundamental mathematical principles.是根据第一句话得出的一个结论。但同时又是第四句话的premise.
3。 Consequently, in training engineers who will work in industry, less emphasis should be placed on mathematical principles 这半句话实际上是第二句话的inference.实际上是原句的同义变换。
4。so that space in the engineering curriculum will be available for other important subjects. 是作者的结论，但绝不是inference。

选项e: The first is the first conclusion in this argument(其并没有反对其作premise的作用）
the second is the second conclusion in this argument.
但是选项c: The first is the part of premise that the argument includes.却误把第一句也作为premise而实际上，他是一个fact.

that is why we should choose e rather than c.

不是很明白啊 这不是第一个结论的premise吗 是不是错误在于part of premise 把它定义为了第二个结论的premise啊

shirley8707

up up

dingxiang

up

前人的经验总结, 收藏!

jjyune

好帖！

aeoluseros

顶上去~

aeoluseros

究竟background在句子充当什么成分？

是不是fact除了做background就是做evidence了？

meteor880826

呵呵~有启发~

ghgriffin

第四题觉得还是有问题，

second part 中  3为inference  4为3的conclusion,那么4既然是由3这个inference推出的，那它也应该是inference 了，怎么可能根据一个推论得出一个归纳呢？