Boldface第4题和第8题及几个术语的再解释

tracyzhuxiao

lioncitydream

superstrong,

sunnylj

thanks!

missano

顶起~！

麥田圈de天然呆

太有用啦！~~  谢谢

xdai555

premise 和 background 怎么区分？

MOMO0908

讲的太透彻了~！

fghrycn

个人觉得关于那些名词的分类有点混乱。
我查了一下一些逻辑学的讲义。
首先一个argument = Premise + Conclusion.
这里Premise 和 Conclusion 的关系是Premise支持，
The premises of an argument are those statements or propositions in it that are intended to provide the support or evidence
The conclusion of an argument is that statement or proposition for which the premises are intended to provide support. (In short, it is the point the argument is trying to make.)
Important note: premises are always intended to provide support or evidence for the conclusion, but they donn't always succeed! It's still an argument, and there are still premises and a conclusion, even if the premises don't really provide any support at all
个人对这个的分类有一个比较简单分类的方法： 就是已知和未知。已知的东西就是Premise，这些东西是不可以改变的，就算她是错的，也是我们的根据和来源，我们可以质疑他们又用没有用。但是未知的东西，就是题目自己也不确定的东西，我们可以认为是Conclusion。

Fact： 个人觉得完全可以作为Evidence来使用，Fact的特征是一定会发生，可能是一个现象需要去解释。是不可以改变的，就算他和你的逻辑链相悖。Fact和Conlcusion的关系太远的时候，就会变成一种Background，就是fact不被作为premise参与逻辑链的时候就是Background。
Evidence是Premise的一部分。或者说Premise为Conclusion提供Evidence


Inference：An inference is an assumed fact, based on information you have at your disposal.  You make inferences by examining the facts of a given situation and determining what those facts suggest about the situation.

Conlustion：A drawn conclusion is an assumption developed as a next logical step for the given information.

swte30

thx......................................

蒜蒜0915

23楼很清晰！赞