|
之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡 每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新 RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源： 往届鸡精改编 打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目，群成员做完提交打卡，第二天发布解析 打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析 【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
打卡方式：
可以在论坛留言区打卡，截图到群内
也可以在小红书/微博打卡，需写明任务内容是哪篇，并带上#揽瓜阁 #LGG #lgg 的 tag，截图到群内。 公众号：1.考什么试
2.商校百科 申请群 1.CR To save costs, a company decided to convert 20% of its full-time employees to part-time positions. The company concluded that this change would lead to an increase in sales. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the company's conclusion? (A) Part-time employees tend to have lower job satisfaction compared to full-time employees. (B) The company's competitors have also been increasing their part-time workforce. (C) Due to the high turnover rate of part-time employees, the company will need to spend twice as much on onboarding and training for part-time staff. (D) Part-time employees are more likely to take on additional jobs outside the company. (E) The company's sales have been steadily increasing over the past three years.
To encourage employees and visitors to be more physically active, a company has decided to install a new elevator system. The new elevators will only stop at the 4th and 8th floors, while the traditional elevators, which stop at every floor, will be reserved for use by individuals with disabilities. The company believes this initiative will improve the fitness of both employees and visitors by prompting them to use the stairs more frequently. Which of the following is an assumption on which the company's belief most strongly depends? (A) The company will provide incentives for employees and visitors who choose to use the stairs instead of the elevators. (B) The majority of employees and visitors will not need to access floors other than the 4th and 8th. (C) The company will install additional stairwells to accommodate the increased foot traffic. (D) Employees and visitors will be willing to climb multiple flights of stairs to reach their desired floors. (E) The rule restricting the use of traditional elevators to individuals with disabilities will never be violated. CD 2.RC
It concerned the curious little arum lily Arisarum proboscideum, known as the mousetail plant. ... from the forest floor and entering the floral chamber through the window, is immediately confronted by the appendix of the ... The organ is also off-white in colour so that the overall visual impression it gives is deceptively like that of the ... the cap of a Boletus mushroom. ... claimed that the plants' pollinators were female fungus- gnats — animals that normally breed in decaying mushrooms !
In the late years of the nineteenth century, the highly-esteemed Italian botanist Areangeli described a pollination case so “unbelievable” that even his friends began to tear that he had fallen prey to early senility. It concerned the curious little lily Arisarum proboscideum, known as the mousetail plant. Its inflorescence has a cylindrical, vertical, but slightly bent-over floral chamber that is completely closed except for an elliptical window that looks slightly earthwards. On top of the floral chamber, and forming an extension of it, there is a dark-coloured, extremely slender, drawn-out and curved tip, the ‘mousetail’. (In spring, the plants bear inflorescences and leaves at the same time, and when one has a whole dense bed of them in the garden, they do indeed give the impression that a small army of mice – all sticking up their tails at the same time – has found refuge among the folioage.)
A small flying insect, coming up from the forest floor and entering the floral chamber through the window, is immediately confronted by the appendix of the inflorescence, which in this case is not hard and smooth as it is in many other arum lilies but is spongy and full of little depressions. The organ is also off-white in colour so that the overall visual impression it gives is deceptively like that of the underside of the cap of a boletus mushroom. Areangeli claimed that the plants pollinators were female fungus-gnats – animals that normally breed in decaying mushrooms. The mousetail plant fools them so successfully that the females deposit their eggs in, or on, the appendix. Getting down more deeply into the floral chamber they will also pollinate the plant. It is gratifying that further research in the 1960s and 1970s exonerated Arcangeli completely. This ‘unbelievable’ story was true.
Fungus mimicry is a fairly widespread pollination strategy and in most cases the pollinating gnats lay eggs that are bound to perish. Most of these fungus mimics are forest-dwellers: the plants remain close to the ground and produce flowers that are dark purple or brown in colour, with pale or translucent patterns. To the human nose at least they are either scentless. The inflorescence of the Mediterranean mousetail plant (Arisarum proboscideum) is known to attract female, which are
1. The main purpose of the passage is to:
(A) describe the unique pollination strategy of the mousetail plant
(B) compare the pollination strategies of different arum lily species
(C) discuss the importance of fungus-gnats in plant pollination
(D) highlight the contributions of Italian botanist Areangeli to plant biology
(E) explain the evolutionary advantages of fungus mimicry in plants
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the mousetail plant's inflorescence?
(A) It has a completely open floral chamber.
(B) Its appendix is hard and smooth.
(C) It resembles the underside of a boletus mushroom cap.
(D) It attracts male fungus-gnats for pollination.
(E) It produces a strong scent to attract pollinators.
3. The passage suggests that Areangeli's friends initially doubted his claims about the mousetail plant because:
(A) they believed he had become senile
(B) they thought the pollination strategy was too complex to be true
(C) they had never heard of fungus-gnats before
(D) they believed the mousetail plant was extinct
(E) they thought Areangeli had misidentified the plant species
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements about fungus mimicry is true?
(A) It is a rare pollination strategy among plants.
(B) It is most common among plants that grow in open fields.
(C) It often involves plants producing flowers with bright, vibrant colors.
(D) It typically results in the death of the eggs laid by the pollinating gnats.
(E) It is a strategy employed exclusively by the mousetail plant.
5. The passage mentions that further research in the 1960s and 1970s:
(A) disproved Areangeli's claims about the mousetail plant
(B) revealed new information about the life cycle of fungus-gnats
(C) led to the discovery of other plant species that employ fungus mimicry
(D) confirmed the accuracy of Areangeli's observations
(E) explained how the mousetail plant evolved its unique pollination strategy
6. Based on the information in the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the eggs laid by female fungus-gnats in the mousetail plant's inflorescence?
(A) They will hatch into larvae that will feed on the plant's tissues.
(B) They will develop into adult fungus-gnats that will continue to pollinate the plant.
(C) They will not survive due to the unsuitable environment of the inflorescence.
(D) They will be transported to nearby mushrooms by the male fungus-gnats.
(E) They will remain dormant until the mousetail plant produces mushrooms.
7. The author mentions that the mousetail plant's inflorescence gives the impression of:
(A) a small army of mice hiding among the foliage
(B) a dense bed of mushrooms growing on the forest floor
(C) a cluster of dark-colored, slender flowers
(D) a group of insects swarming around the plant
(E) a collection of pale, translucent leaves
8. The passage suggests that the pollination strategy of the mousetail plant is:
(A) a unique adaptation not found in any other plant species
(B) a common strategy employed by many forest-dwelling plants
(C) a recently discovered phenomenon that requires further research
(D) an ineffective strategy that rarely results in successful pollination
(E) a strategy that has evolved independently in several arum lily species
1. 答案：A
解析：文章主要讲述了意大利植物学家Areangeli发现的口尾草独特的传粉策略,以及后来的研究证实了他的发现。其他选项都只是文章提到的部分内容,不是全文的主旨。
2. 答案：C
解析：文章中提到,口尾草的附属器官(appendix)的视觉印象非常像牛肝菌蘑菇帽子的下侧。其他选项与文章内容不符。
3. 答案：A
解析：文章开头提到,Areangeli的朋友们起初担心他已经开始出现老年痴呆(early senility)而怀疑他的说法。其他选项文中没有提及。
4. 答案：D
解析：文章倒数第二段提到,在大多数真菌拟态的情况下,传粉的真菌蚊会产下注定死亡的卵。其他选项与文章内容不符。
5. 答案：D
解析：文章中提到,1960年代和1970年代的进一步研究完全证明了Areangeli的观点,他的"难以置信"的故事被证实是真的。其他选项文中没有提及。
6. 答案：C
解析：根据文章倒数第二段的信息,在大多数真菌拟态的情况下,传粉的真菌蚊产下的卵注定会死亡,可以推断出这些卵在口尾草的花序中也不会存活,因为环境不适合。其他选项文中没有依据。
7. 答案：A
解析：文章第二段提到,当口尾草的花序和叶子同时出现时,会给人一种印象,好像有一小群老鼠同时竖起尾巴藏在叶子中。其他选项与文章内容不符。
8. 答案：B
解析：文章最后一段提到,真菌拟态是一种相当普遍的传粉策略,大多数采用这种策略的植物都是森林居民。由此可见,口尾草的传粉策略是许多森林植物采用的常见策略。其他选项文中没有依据。
3.DI
The Nile River, a timeless symbol of life and prosperity, has been the lifeblood of civilizations for thousands of years. Originating in the heart of Africa, this majestic waterway winds its way through eleven countries, traversing diverse landscapes and supporting an astounding array of ecosystems and human communities. At 6,650 kilometers in length, the Nile is the longest river in the world, a distinction that only hints at its immense significance to the region's history, economy, and environment.
The Nile's influence is most pronounced in Egypt, where the river has been the foundation of the country's existence since time immemorial. An estimated 95% of Egypt's population lives along the Nile's banks and delta, relying on its waters for agriculture, industry, and daily life. The river's annual floods, which once deposited nutrient-rich silt on the surrounding floodplains, gave rise to one of the world's earliest and most advanced civilizations. The ancient Egyptians revered the Nile as a divine source of life, and their intricate system of irrigation and water management allowed them to harness its power and build a thriving society in the midst of the desert.
However, the Nile's importance extends far beyond the borders of Egypt. The river flows through ten other countries, including Uganda, Sudan, South Sudan, and Ethiopia, each with its own unique relationship to the waterway. In total, an estimated 257 million people live within the Nile Basin, and their livelihoods and well-being are inextricably linked to the river's health and sustainability. The Nile supports an astonishing 40% of the combined GDP of these countries, a figure that underscores its vital role in the region's economy.
Despite its enduring significance, the Nile River faces unprecedented challenges in the 21st century. Rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have placed enormous pressure on the river's resources, leading to overexploitation, pollution, and environmental degradation. The construction of dams and irrigation projects, while providing much-needed water and energy, has also disrupted the river's natural flow and ecosystem dynamics. The Aswan High Dam, completed in 1970, is a prime example of these trade-offs. While the dam has enabled year-round irrigation and hydropower generation, it has also trapped an estimated 98% of the sediment that once flowed downstream, causing the Nile Delta to subside and making it more vulnerable to sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion.
Climate change poses another existential threat to the Nile River and the communities that depend on it. As global temperatures continue to rise, the Nile Basin is expected to experience more frequent and intense droughts, floods, and heatwaves. These extreme weather events could have devastating consequences for agriculture, water security, and public health in the region. According to some projections, climate change could reduce the Nile's flow by up to a staggering 70% by the end of the century, a scenario that would be catastrophic for the millions of people who rely on the river for their survival.
Recognizing the urgency of these challenges, the countries of the Nile Basin have come together to form the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), an intergovernmental partnership aimed at promoting sustainable water management and development in the region. The NBI has launched a range of projects and programs to address issues such as water scarcity, ecosystem degradation, and climate change adaptation. These efforts include the construction of multi-purpose dams and reservoirs, the implementation of water-saving technologies in agriculture, and the restoration of wetlands and other critical habitats along the river's course.
One of the most ambitious projects under the NBI umbrella is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a massive hydroelectric dam being built on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia. When completed, the GERD will be the largest dam in Africa, with a generating capacity of 6,450 megawatts. The dam is expected to bring significant benefits to Ethiopia and the region as a whole, including increased energy access, improved water management, and enhanced food security. However, the project has also been a source of tension and controversy, particularly with downstream countries such as Egypt and Sudan, which fear that the dam could reduce their water supply and undermine their own development goals.
The GERD dispute highlights the complex web of political, economic, and environmental factors that shape the Nile River's future. As the region's population continues to grow and its economies expand, the demand for water and other resources will only intensify. At the same time, the impacts of climate change and environmental degradation will make it increasingly difficult to manage and allocate these resources in a fair and sustainable manner. Balancing these competing needs and priorities will require unprecedented levels of cooperation, innovation, and political will from all the countries and stakeholders involved.
Despite these daunting challenges, there are also reasons for hope and optimism. The Nile River has been a source of resilience and renewal for millennia, and its people have a deep reservoir of knowledge, ingenuity, and adaptability to draw upon. In recent years, there have been promising signs of progress and collaboration, from the establishment of transboundary water management frameworks to the launch of ambitious conservation and restoration initiatives. For example, the Nile Basin Wetlands Project, a joint effort of the NBI and the United Nations Environment Programme, has been working to protect and rehabilitate critical wetland ecosystems along the river's course, providing vital habitats for biodiversity and enhancing the resilience of local communities to climate change.
Another area of progress has been the development of innovative technologies and approaches to water management and conservation. In Egypt, for instance, researchers have been experimenting with new irrigation techniques that use sensors and algorithms to optimize water use and reduce waste. These precision agriculture methods have the potential to significantly increase crop yields while minimizing the environmental impact of farming. Similarly, in Sudan, a pilot project has been using solar-powered pumps and drip irrigation to help small-scale farmers adapt to changing rainfall patterns and improve their livelihoods.
Ultimately, the fate of the Nile River and the millions of people who depend on it will be determined by the choices and actions of the present generation. The challenges facing the river are immense, but so too are the opportunities for positive change and transformation. By working together across borders and sectors, by embracing innovation and sustainability, and by recognizing the fundamental interconnectedness of people and nature, the countries of the Nile Basin have the power to chart a new course for the river and the region as a whole. This will require bold leadership, sustained investment, and a willingness to think beyond short-term interests and political divisions. But if successful, the rewards could be immeasurable: a thriving, resilient, and sustainable Nile River that continues to nourish and inspire generations to come.
As the world watches and the stakes continue to rise, the story of the Nile River remains unfinished, its future yet to be written. Will the countries of the Nile Basin rise to the challenge and forge a new path forward, one that honors the river's rich history while securing its place in the 21st century and beyond? Only time will tell, but one thing is certain: the decisions and actions taken in the coming years will have profound and far-reaching consequences, not just for the Nile and its people, but for the entire African continent and the world at large. The Nile River, a timeless source of life and inspiration, beckons us to act with wisdom, courage, and compassion, to be worthy stewards of its gifts and to pass them on, undiminished, to the generations yet to come.
Questions:
1. The passage suggests that the Nile River's influence is most significant in which country?
(A) Uganda
(B) Sudan
(C) South Sudan
(D) Ethiopia
(E) Egypt
2. According to the passage, what percentage of the combined GDP of the countries through which the Nile flows is directly or indirectly dependent on the river's waters?
(A) 20%
(B) 30%
(C) 40%
(D) 50%
(E) 60%
3. The passage mentions that the construction of the Aswan High Dam has led to which of the following consequences?
(A) Increased sediment transport downstream
(B) Displacement of over 100,000 people
(C) Expansion of the Nile Delta
(D) Reduced vulnerability to sea-level rise
(E) Trapping of an estimated 98% of the sediment that once flowed downstream
4. According to some projections, climate change could reduce the Nile River's flow by what percentage by the end of the century?
(A) 30%
(B) 40%
(C) 50%
(D) 60%
(E) 70%
5. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is expected to have which of the following benefits?
(A) Increased energy access
(B) Improved water management
(C) Enhanced food security
(D) All of the above
(E) None of the above
6. The Nile Basin Wetlands Project is a joint effort of the NBI and which other organization?
(A) United Nations Development Programme
(B) United Nations Environment Programme
(C) World Bank
(D) African Development Bank
(E) International Union for Conservation of Nature
7. According to the passage, researchers in Egypt have been experimenting with new irrigation techniques that use:
(A) Solar-powered pumps
(B) Drip irrigation
(C) Precision agriculture methods
(D) Desalination technologies
(E) Wastewater recycling
8. The passage suggests that the fate of the Nile River and its people will be determined by:
(A) The actions of the international community
(B) The policies of the Egyptian government
(C) The choices and actions of the present generation
(D) The forces of nature and climate change
(E) The economic growth of the Nile Basin countries
9. The author's tone in the passage can be best described as:
(A) Pessimistic and resigned
(B) Neutral and objective
(C) Optimistic and hopeful
(D) Cautionary and urgent
(E) Celebratory and triumphant
10. The main purpose of the passage is to:
(A) Highlight the historical significance of the Nile River
(B) Analyze the political tensions surrounding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
(C) Describe the ecological diversity of the Nile Basin
(D) Discuss the challenges and opportunities facing the Nile River and its people
(E) Propose specific solutions to the water management issues in the Nile Basin
ECEEDBCCDD
|
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2024-9-5 10:16:08
收藏
收藏
