Mainpoint: how to make a critical target of CEO could influence the CEO's performance
P1: importance of making target
● too easy->be easily gamed by the CEO
● difficult to manipulate->1. in statistically:the possibility of the missing or target is same; 2. in reality: targeting>missing
P2: comprehensive metrics are better
● × single metric-> easy to manipulate(example: cut research cost)
● √three-five performance targets
P3: two problems about the excutive comprehension
● make goals based on the forcasts of CEO himself-> CEO lowball->cannot grow the company to its full potential
● the compensation structure can not excite the CEO to strive
1. 首席执行官经常会追求更多他们的短期个人利益而非长期的对于他们公司的利益,因此,董事会的关键责任是确保执行对高管的薪酬关联到首席执行官表现得目标,目标不会被轻易被首席执行官玩弄,同时只有当他创造了对于公司的实际的可持续的价值才可达成。同时,因为目标很难被操纵,首席执行官统计学商实现目标和未达成目标的概率一样,如果不进行操纵,首席执行官大多数时候不太会超出表现,但是,最近的研究发现,在实际的操作中,首席执行官达到他们的目标的频率远远高于他们未达成目标。
2. 首席执行官的表现目标经常基于一个单独的指标:例如季度的盈利或者每股收益。这样的一个系统很容易被他们操作,举例而言,消减对于组织的未来相关的关键研究和发展经费,相反,当他们付出的巨款依靠于3-5个表现得目标,基于不是特别紧密相关的指标-人们发现,首席执行官被错过一个给定的目标和超越一个目标的比例一样。
3. 董事会经常决定他们的首席执行官的表现基于外部分析和首席执行官自己对于这个公司和这个部门的增长预期。在个人的利益里,首席执行官经常会压低对未来的估价,去获得更容易实现的目标。然而,这个结果导致的低表现目标阻碍了他们公司完整潜力的增长。高管薪资的另一个特征框架组成了这个问题。大部分董事会明确规定最低的首席执行官的的表现门槛,在这之下,首席执行官会没有奖金,然后,他的奖励会稳步提升知道目标达成。超出预期的奖励增长更加缓慢,慢慢变小。因此,一个首席执行官不会受到太多的个人利益对比实现卓越的结果和仅仅满足一个,因此,他们很少拼尽全力。这个结果是一个满足道德CEO但是一个迟缓的公司(论 the importance of keep hungry)
board of directors -董事会
executive compensation-高管薪酬
manipulate-操纵
lowball-故意压低
taper off-逐渐变小,水龙头关上->就慢慢变小
197 CEO的表现和公司利益
P1: CEO often driven more by their short-term personal interests than company long-term goal. So COD have to endure executive compensation is linked to such performance targets. Recent research found CEO meet their targets far often than miss them
P2: performance targets based on single metric(衡量标准)such as quarterly provability or earnings per share. Such system can be easily manipulated by cutting the research and dev spending by CEOs. In contrast, payouts depend on 3-5 PT, CEOs just as likely to miss a given target as they are to exceed it.
P3: B often determine CEOP goals based on external forecasts and CEO. CEO always lowball. HOWEVER, low PT prevent company full potential growth. Another feature of the executive compensation structure: most boards specify minimum performance threshold(最低门槛), CEOs rewards rise steeply until the target is reached.