[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day17

WinnerWSW

1.晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。解析：
削弱题
①灯光里面虽然没有UVB、UVC，但是还含有很多其他对皮肤有害的物质，实际上危害比阳光还大，所以还不如去照阳光。
②虽然灯光里没有UVB和UVC，但是照过灯光之后并不能达到，人们想要的美黑或者保健效果，灯光虽然无害但没用，照太阳光虽然有一些有害紫外线，但是少量照射的话对人影响不大，而且好处多于坏处。

2.乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。解析：
解释题
①乡下地广人稀，店铺客流量少，不像城市里的店铺，人流大，有很多潜在的消费人群。
②在乡下居住的人的可支配收入整体低于城市居民，没有太多的闲钱用于这种消费，虽然这个店铺的东西便宜，但还是超出了乡下人的购买能力。③乡下有很多鱼塘，或是公共的或者是自家的，乡下的人们想要鱼的话可以自己捕捞，根本没有必要花钱到商店买。

3.Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
答案：B
解析：
削弱题
评论员：最近一本书的作者认为是铅导致了19世纪晚期和20世纪早期的很多公共的健康问题。他声称这种污染的主要来源是城市的供水系统，城市的供水系统使用铅管道使铅渗入了供水里。
但是我自己对市政当局的调查是：调查期间使用的铅管道表明其中几处的居民并没有示现出铅中毒的状况，所以这些管道很可能根本就不是罪魁祸首。
以下哪项正确最能削弱评论员的推理？（注意只让削弱评论员的观点，所以和后面的作者观点无关。）
A.在某些区域，暴露于硬水（矿物质含量高的水）会促进铅管道内部形成保护图层。（certain areas并不能代表全部，那些没有形成保护层的管道还是会使人中毒。）
B.19世纪晚期和20世纪早期很多的家用电器和消费品中都含有铅。（正确，他因削弱，说明人们中毒很可能并不是因为铅作的管道，人们日常生活中还有许多用品也会使人铅中毒。）
C.在20世纪20年代，铅被引入到汽油中，在这期间铅中毒症状在许多地区增加。（无关，汽油导致铅中毒是水管导致铅中毒之外的事情。）
D.几个使用铅水管的城市出现了异常概率的痉挛性疾病以及其他与铅接触相关的症状。（several不能说明问题，而且方向不对，对reviewer的观点有支持意味。）
E.该调查的作者指出，还有其他因素，包括下水系统不充足以及城市的拥挤，导致传染病的大规模爆发。（无关，跳出了讨论范围，不知所云，铅中毒又不是传染病。）

CHENOlivia

1.        晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。

P：太阳里有UVB，UVC对人体有害
C：不晒太阳晒灯
削弱：虽然有这些成分，但是可以被中和。

2.        乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。

P：乡下小店离渔场近，进价便宜；其他cost也与城里一样
C： 生意不好

可能因为price高，来买的人少。或者顾客少sale少。

3.        Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.

P1:lead导致了健康问题。因为pipes是lead的，影响了water supply。
P2: 这个人自己的research 显示有些地方的人血液里没有lead。
C：不是pipe的问题。

这些有些地方的人是否能够代替总体，具有代表性。
A 正确
B 没有再说pipe了
C gasoline 不对
D 没有再说这些样本地区
E other factors不对

PBkk

Day 17
1.        晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
C：劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳


Weaken：
- 原理：UVA与人体某种情况结合也是有害的；UVB和UVC在太阳光某种物质混合情况下没害处了。
- 因果关系：某地方人们爱晒太阳，很健康；而晒灯的人很不健康。



2.        乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。

C：生意依然不好


Support:
原理：具体说明小店在某些直接原因上导致生意不好：没有流量导致收入不高；没有足够厨师做菜等。


3.        Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.



C：the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit


Weaken：
- 原理：具体解释为啥没中毒：因为某些地方有保护

顾周i

Day 17
1.        晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P：灯无害而太阳光有害
C：晒灯不要晒太阳
果因论证——他因削弱/无因无果
不是因为那些有害的所以不去晒太阳，而是因为晒太阳会晒伤/致癌可晒灯不会

2.        乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
解释题补gap：
开销一样，进价还低，但是生意依然不好
生意的影响因素不只和价格有关，他因解释


3.        Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
水里有铅，人喝了会中毒
有些地方的人铅含量很少——是不是那些地方水管有什么装置把那个铅解决掉了


下面这道

（不好意思看错了再来！）削弱评论员啊，评论员认为用铅管道——铅会进到水里——人就中毒
削弱：滑坡推理 削弱任意一环
用了铅管道但是铅没进入到水里
铅进入到水里但是可以什么他因导致铅又消失了人没中毒
他因削弱：根本不是铅好吧！！毒在自己家！！！！B

认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.