话题--事件/现象--解释。研究测量中经常会出现数据偏差。有的偏差是已知的,有的未知。举例,气候观测历史上有一次明显的降温,可能是数据偏差。找原因,解释现象。因为英美测温采样方法不一样,美国船测出来的更高。那个时期英国船的数据更多,导致数据上有个明显的下降。
- Bias
○ Systematic
○ Cannot avoid >> recognize, take into account
- Uncovered measurement bias
○ Arise: A&B ship
○ Weather noise: sudden drop in 1945, only at sea, not on land
- Explain
○ B ship: bucket
○ A ship: intake pipe + engine coolant>>engine heat>>higher
- Further explain
○ 80% A ship>>abrupt switch>>nearly half B ship>>cooler