【揽瓜阁5.0】Day3 2021.02.10【自然科学-生物、物种、生物】

没毛的猫

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Migrants from coalfields take DNA as well as talent with them: educational achievement has a genetic component . Bad news for deprived areas
阅读时间:5’26
总结时间: 50’
总时间: 56’

文章中心大意
Raise a point: migrants have more pizzas than stay-at-homes, and this even is reflected in people’s genes->how do researchers conclude it : the goal of the research =>how did the researchers do the research=> the result of the research -> the attitude of the author : the result shows a vicious reality and he shows concern for people living in the deprived areas

每段段落大意
1, A study shows that migrants have more pizzazz than stay-at-homes, and this even is reflected in people’s genes.
2, A team led by Dr Abdellaoui and Dr Visscher did the study and the goal of the research : trying to figure out how genetic patterns associated with certain biological, medical and behavioral traits cluster geographically and change as people move around
3,They used first to 33 published studies which used a technique called genome-wide association study to establish baselines for their work. The technique is closely related to snps, many of which work together to affect a particular trait.
4,Applying the sno patterns to the records of Biobank participants, the researchers found that 21 of the traits showed evidence of snp-related geographical clustering.
5, They also found that the snps associated with educational attainment were closely related to geography. Snps lowering educational attainment were particularly clustered in former coal-mining areas.
6，Through further study, they found that migrants had significantly more educational-attainment-promoting snps than stay-at-homes.
7, Other snp related traits reflect the same characteristics.
8, The author thinks that the result told us a vicious reality that the written dnas have already different in those who are able leave the deprived areas from those stay-at-homes, the phenomenon leading us to think about the problems of nature and nurture.
印象深刻的句子
The upshot is a vicious spiral.That young, ambitious, healthy people tend to leave economically deprived areas is hardly news. But to see that written clearly in their dna, which they take with them when they leave, while the converse is written in the dna of those who stay behind, raises questions of nature and nurture that society is ill-equipped to answer, and possibly unwilling to confront.
生词
Pizzazz： 活力
Baseline:基准
Discern： if you can discern something, you can just see it , but not clearly
Stark:鲜明的
Bipolar: 两极的
Upshot: （意外的）结果

New Zealand Rats
阅读时间:2’40
总结时间: 25’
总时间: 28’

文章中心大意
Raise a point: the ancient bones of rats help researchers to confirm the time when humans first set foot on the New Zealand->Two conflicting views on when people first arrived in New Zealand-> New study refuted that earlier research and proved that human did not arrive in New Zealand until 1280-> the new finding also help researchers redefine the extent to which  humans and rats have an negative impact on New Zealand.

每段段落大意
1, The ancient bones of New Zealand rats help researchers to pinpoint when humans first set foot on the island. The finding also helps shattered the previous conclusion.
2, Before, opinions divided on when humans first arrived in New Zealand. Most  believe that the time is around 1240 to 1300, while some argue that it might be as early as B.C.E.
3，A team led by Janet Wilmshurst then found that the bones of the oldest rat from the two excavation sites dated to later than 1280 by using the new technique, the new finding refuted the earlier research and indicated that human did not arrive until 1280.
4, The part describes the significance of the new finding. Lan Smith said that the new evidence prove that the negative impact which caused by humans and rats on the Zealand is devastating and fast than previously thought.

印象深刻的句子
Carbon-dating of bones from the rodents indicates that people …, rejecting previous research that suggested …
To help clear up the confusion, …
When… all of them dated to later than 1280, indicating that the earlier research was flawed.
生词
Catch a free ride
Stowaway: 偷乘
Gnaw: 咬

Groundtruth

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第一篇：
阅读 6'  总结 20'

中心大意
A和V 对snp的研究过程，并发现了snp对教育成就及移民的影响。

分论点
1.点明主旨，人们的基因中体现了移民比留守的人们更有活力。
2.简单介绍下文要描述的研究
3.A和V首先参考了33个已发表的研究，目的是考虑到基因多样性对人类特点的影响。
4.研究人员将已确认的snp的影响机制应用到实验对象中。
5.最集聚的效应是snp对教育成就的影响
6~7将实验对象分成四组，进一步研究了基因对移民的影响。
8 年轻有为的人不断离开贫穷地区，最终导致恶性循环。但当前社会并不愿面对这一问题

生词
Pizzazz n.激情；活泼；风度
Attainment n. 达到；成就；学识
Upshot n. 结果，结局；要点
vicious spiral 恶性循环

第二篇：
阅读 3'06"  总结 10 '

中心大意
JW的团队发现人类最早于1280年出现在新西兰，推翻了之前的假说。

分论点
1.老鼠随着航行的船来到新西兰，对其化石的研究表明人类最早于1280年出现在新西兰。
2.部分人认为人类在200 BCE时已经出现，但其依据的研究具有争议。
3.JW的团队使用了更精确的技术消除了争议。结果证明，人类最早于1280年登陆。
4.IS的评价：这一研究提供了有力证据反驳人类与13世纪前登陆的观点，同时也说明人类对新西兰毁灭性的影响。
5.DL的评价：这一研究同时说明老鼠的破坏力也极强极快。

生词
Stowaway n. 偷渡者
Gnaw vt. 咬；折磨；侵

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