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[阅读小分队] 【揽瓜阁5.0】Day1 2021.02.08【社会科学-职场、气候、性别】

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发表于 2021-2-7 21:50:00 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
  揽瓜阁俱乐部第五期
  Day1 2021.02.08




【社会科学-职场】
Women still face barriers in the workplace:Many arguments about female progress are a convenient fiction for men
( The Economist -759 字 长精读)

Women have made great strides in the employment market over the past 50 years. But many still feel that their progress is being obstructed and, to coincide with International Women’s Day on March 8th, two new books by feminist writers tackle the issues.

In “The Fix” Michelle King, director of inclusion at Netflix, a video-streaming giant, observes that women are constantly told they need to change themselves—be more assertive, work longer hours and so on. Instead, she argues, working practices should change to accommodate the needs of half the adult population. In “The Home Stretch” Sally Howard, a journalist, suggests that a big reason why women are held back is that even those who work full-time are still expected to do the bulk of the housework. To cite the book’s lengthy but apposite subtitle, she makes a strong case “why it’s time to come clean about who does the dishes”.

Male managers may find these books an uncomfortable read, peppered with talk of the patriarchy and gender privilege. Sometimes, the authors go too far. Ms Howard links the patriarchy with capitalism so often that one wonders whether she has ever seen a picture of the Soviet Union’s all-male politburo or considered the harm done to women and baby girls by the Chinese Communist Party’s one-child policy.

But men do not need to forsake the capitalist system to appreciate the plight of female workers. They just need empathy. Are women in the workplace judged by the same standards as their male colleagues? Are they described with adjectives (strident or emotional, for example) that would not be applied to men with the same characteristics?

Despite recent progress, women still face a glass ceiling (see article). A couple of stories in Ms King’s book illustrate the point. Sarah was an executive at a multinational who worked late, underwent management training and enthusiastically received and acted on feedback. After many years of rejection, it seemed she was due for promotion to the next tier, which was 100% male. But at the key meeting a male executive said: “I don’t know; she just doesn’t fit. She has those glasses and she wears that clip in her hair.” Not exactly “scientific management”.

In the other tale Ms King, on her first day in a new job, walked into a kitchen full of men. Her boss said “Hey, Michelle, there are dishes in the sink and you are a woman, so, you know, wash them.” His colleagues laughed. When she protested, she was told to learn to take a joke.

Bullying disguised as humour is still bullying. And women are expected to put up with it. They must also tolerate different dress standards. Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, often messes up his hair before public appearances to maintain his “lovable buffoon” image. Dominic Cummings, his adviser, dresses scruffily, which suits his persona as the “eccentric genius”. It is hard to imagine any woman reaching a position of political power while adopting a similar style.

Sometimes the excuse for the lack of female progress in certain professions is that women and men naturally choose to pursue different career paths. Yet those outcomes may simply be the result of formal or informal barriers against female success. At the end of the 19th century, when only 4-5% of American doctors were women, some men no doubt put this down to a lack of aptitude. Many medical schools, perhaps sharing that preconception, did not admit female candidates; Harvard’s began accepting women only after the second world war. In Britain women were not allowed to become practising lawyers until they were admitted to the Law Society in 1922.

In both professions the playing field was eventually levelled. The result? In 2017 more women were admitted to American medical schools than men for the first time. By 2018 half of British solicitors were female.

Another common argument is that it makes sense for married people to specialise, with the man taking on higher-paid employment and the woman doing more of the chores. It is equally dubious. One study, for instance, found that husbands who earn less than their wives do even less housework than those who earn more.

Many of the arguments that women’s lack of progress is down to aptitude or choice look like a convenient fiction for men, who do rather well out of the bargain. Women, who end up doing most of the chores as well as working long hours, get a raw deal. It is not them who need to change—it is the attitudes of men.

Source: The Economist


【社会科学-气候】
Green house Effect
( WSY -341 字 短精读)



Source: WSY


【社会科学-性别】
Supporting Women's Entrepreneurship in Georgia
(VOA-3分6秒-406字-精听)

先做听力再核对原文哦~

The United States is partnering with Georgia, a former Soviet Republic that gained its independence in 1991, to strengthen its self-reliance and independence by helping the country to develop its democratic institutions and build a more dynamic, diversified, and inclusive economy.

One sure fire way to bolster any country’s economic growth is to support an enabling environment for young people, especially women, to succeed in the economy. And that is exactly what the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID, is doing in Georgia.

In 2015, in an effort to encourage innovation and promote entrepreneurship among the country’s youth and women, USAID partnered with the Georgia-based non-profit organization Crystal Fund to launch the Supporting Youth and Women Entrepreneurship in Georgia, or YES-Georgia, program.

Since then, YES-Georgia has helped more than 3,000 young entrepreneurs and professionals- about 60 percent of them women. Through this program, USAID provided professional skills training to some 900 young people; mobilized 230 million dollars from private and public funds to support youth-owned microenterprises and startup businesses, and assisted more than 200 young people to draft business proposals and apply for financing.

In late January, while visiting Georgia, USAID Deputy Administrator Bonnie Glick took the program a step further announcing an expansion of the YES-Georgia program to support women up to the age of 50. This was in line with the U.S. government’s Women’s Global Development and Prosperity Initiative, or W-GDP. The program will also launch new activities to support women entrepreneurs, including opportunities to apply for financing.

“This new expansion will include supporting women re-entering the workforce later in life, reflecting the practical reality that female entrepreneurs often venture into business at that stage and tend to concentrate in industries with lower capital intensity and average revenue,” said Deputy Administrator Glick. “The long-term goal is to change the way that people think about women’s participation in entrepreneurship, recognizing that many women are held back by negative gender stereotypes. So the program also includes outreach activities to reach 100,000 women and girls across Georgia through media campaigns, social networking, events, and other activities.”

“Like the rest of the world, the people of Georgia want and deserve a stable democracy, with transparent operations built upon the rule of law, safeguarded by a healthy civil society exercising its basic freedoms of conscience, with an opportunity for all populations in society to contribute.”

“USAID programming like YES-Georgia is designed to help Georgia progress down this path.”

Source: VOA


【笔记格式要求】
同学们任选 2 篇文章精读/精听并进行笔记打卡

精读笔记格式要求:
1.总结文章中心大意
2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
4.总结文章中的生词
5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间

精听笔记格式要求:
1.逐句听写整篇文章
2.对照原文修改听写稿,标记出错原因
3.总结文章中心大意
4.总结精听过程中的生词
5.记录听写时间、总结时间、总时间

这里也给大家三点学习小建议哦~
精读:如遇到读不懂的复杂句,建议找出句子主干,分析句子成分,也可以尝试翻译句子来帮助理解~
精听:建议每句不要反复纠结听,如果听 5 遍都没听出来,那就跳过,等完成后再回听总结原因,时间宝贵,不要过于执着哦~

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沙发
发表于 2021-2-8 00:00:15 | 只看该作者
文章整体中心大意:
通过引用两个书的作者各自写的书中的例子以及本文作者自己举出的的对女性职场不公待遇的一些说法和例子,本文作者指出女性当今在职场中仍然遭受不公待遇,很多关于女性职场权利进步的说法都是男人编造的谎言。

文章分层大意:
第一层:第一段,概括描述全文要说明的观点和总基调。
第二层:第2-6段,通过讲述这两个女权作家书上的例子来介绍这两个作者书的内容和映证第一段最后一句话,并且为下文本文作者自己表达观点和举例埋下引子。
第三层:第7-11段,本文作者通过举例子表达出自己的观点,即女性当今在职场中仍然遭受不公待遇,很多关于女性职场权利进步的说法都是男人编造的谎言。

优美语句:
Bullying disguised as humour is still bullying.
It is not them who need to change—it is the attitudes of men.

生词:
Chore、dubious、solicitor、eccentric、scruffily、ceiling、plight、forsake、politburo、apposite、bulk

时间:
文章阅读时间:15分钟
总结时间:20分钟
板凳
发表于 2021-2-8 00:20:21 | 只看该作者
文章整体中心大意:
Geoengineering作为一个更加可行的解决全球气候变暖的方法,该方法能成功需要哪些前提条件和要求才能成功实施。

文章分层大意:
第一层:第一段,表明文章内容的背景——全球气候变暖危害大而广泛。
第二层:第2段,作者举出了第一个方法,但是第一个方法可行性不高,随即提出第二个方法——Geoengineering,该方法根据可行性。
第三层:第3-4段,阐述 Geoengineering需要的前提条件和要求是什么,和原因。

优美语句:
略。

生词:
暂无。

时间:
文章阅读时间:8分钟
总结时间:10分钟
地板
发表于 2021-2-8 08:55:49 | 只看该作者
D1  打卡

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5#
发表于 2021-2-8 10:24:32 | 只看该作者
D1

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6#
发表于 2021-2-8 10:47:35 | 只看该作者
第一篇:
阅读时间:06:38
文章结构
1、即使女权进步了,但是女性仍然感到障碍。为了庆祝妇女节,两本探讨女权的书出版了
2、其中一本书:,MK在她的书中认为,不应该是女性去改变社会,而应该是社会适应女性
   另一本书:即使是全职工作女性,回家仍然要照顾孩子
3、这些书可能谈论的内容可能会让男性不适,因为将资本主意和父权联系起来,举了两个反对这种联系的例子
4、男性并不需要考虑改变考虑改变资本主意,而是需要有同理心,问自己几个女性是否平等的问题
5、目前社会任然有看不见的天花板:MK在她的书中举了几个女性受歧视的例子:一个女总裁到该升职的时候仅仅因为着装
6、MK举的第二个例子:自己因为是被要求洗碗,并表示关于歧视女性言论只是个玩笑
7、即使是玩笑的暴力也是暴力。除此之外,女性在着装上也要格外的要求,举了两个男性着装自由的例子
8、一个对不平等的解释是:造成女性进步的原因还有可能是不同的职业要求。举了三个女性在过去职业上的限制对这个解释进行反驳
9、到现在限制解除的后果是更多女性在该职业,加重反驳
10、对不平等的第二个解释是:男主外女主内,男工资高女负责家庭工作。举例即使工资较低,做的家务活也少
11、许多解释都是在男性角度看来很简单,但是女性的选择很少,总结:应该让社会适应女性。
生难词:disguise(v假装n做伪装的东西)obstruct(v阻碍)hold back (隐瞒;退缩;抑制;阻止)assertive(刚毅的,断言的)peppered(胡椒,文章中意思应该是被刺激)forsake(v放弃)plight(n困境)scruffily(adv肮脏的)solicitors(律师)

第二篇:
用时:02:37
文章结构
1、全球变暖越来越严重,可能会导致食物危机
2、解决全球变暖有两个办法1)各国合作降低温室气体排放量:但是减少降低排放量的成本会诱使一些国家放弃2)地质工程
3、地质工程必须一起合作,单边的地质工程会有有害后果。举了火山的例子:一些国家知道且执行没有考虑到其它国家的利益,就会导致灾难性的后果
4、所以政府必须支持国际科学家,从以下3个方面支持1)转化讨论焦点2)保证世界科学家资金3)规划科学家活动:举例,核能科学家可以造成很大的影响
生词:craft(工艺,精巧的制作)norm(规范)proactive(积极的)
7#
发表于 2021-2-8 11:20:27 | 只看该作者
请问这就是阅读小分队吗
8#
发表于 2021-2-8 11:32:36 | 只看该作者
Day 1, Feb 8, 21

阅读 1
主旨大意:女性在职场中仍受到不公正对待,不仅公司和公众对她们的期待与对男性不同,玻璃天花板也依旧没有消失;同时,女性并没有从家务劳作中解放出来,无论她们的事业如何。
段落大意和分论点:
1.        总述女性对之前50年女性就业市场的总结:仍有阻力。
2.        两本书的作者,一位是主管,认为工作环境应该向员工需求靠拢,而非相反;一位是记者,认为是家务拖了女性就业的后腿。(欧美的)男性不服并把社会主义国家拉出来垫背,但文章认为重点在于女性被评判的标准是不是和男性相同,例如Sarah因不明确的原因被排除在晋升之列,带有欺压嫌疑的笑话,以及男性在正式装扮上(女性不被认可)的选择多样性。
3.        职业发展路径也不能被作为解释,以法律和医学为例,女性做的并不差;同样家庭分工也不能被作为解释,更高的收入并没有让女性从家务中解放。
4.        结论:女性就业市场的阻力没有什么主管因素,真正需要转变的是男性的态度。
生词:patriarchy 父权制,父系社会;
Pepper with 反复提到?(没查到,求解释,在第三段)
Politburo 政治局
Empathy 感同身受
She has those glasses and she wears that clip in her hair 大概能感觉到意思是做的不够好之类的意思,求解释,在第五段末尾
Buffoon 丑角
Eccentric 古怪的

完整读完7分钟



阅读2
主旨大意:气候变化的巨大影响即将到来,解决问题迫在眉睫,地质工程是个好方法。
段落大意和分论点:
1.        新的风暴气候变化的影响已经出现,转折点已至,粮食供应可能受到威胁。
2.        最好的办法是控制碳和其他温室气体排放,但很难;地质工程是新的办法,改变地球大气来对抗温室效应。
3.        通过火山喷发把反光颗粒扔上太空是可行的,但要全球合作,不然各干各的会有大问题。
4.        地质工程要全球一起做,三点要素:1,分析风险;2,给与实验资金和政策保障;3,建立标准,且标准要有科学家参与。
生词:
Emission 喷发
Deploy 配置
Unilateral 单边的
Detrimental 不利的有害的
Proactive 前瞻性的
完整读完大概3分钟
9#
发表于 2021-2-8 12:05:28 | 只看该作者
Leonado7第一天打卡

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10#
发表于 2021-2-8 12:09:56 | 只看该作者
Day1

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