看了Lawyer的文章, 收获颇大.
Lawyer的实战方法中写道:
5.ASSUMPTION
看原文:同WEAKEN。对于充分必要的,列出推理链。
找答案:答案分两类型:SUPPORT(填补推理上的概念GAP),DEFENDER(排除WEAKEN结论的可能性,即排除他因)。读原文,推理中有概念GAP(特别是答案出现新元素),则答案填补这个GAP(通常新元素必出现),否则找他因,排除推理中的WEAKNESS。最后用TEST检验或排除易混的答案。对于后一类用有关无关有时比较好,用结论的具体性和特殊性去分有关无关,排出剩下的用TEST
DENIAL TEST:将选项取非,原文结论不成立,则为正确选项。
几种特殊类型:
因果型结论:ASSUMPTION的方法包括:A。不是其他原因或可能导致该结果。B。结合因果:或有因有果或无果无因。C。因果没颠倒。D显示因果关系的资料是准确。
条件型结论:结论带条件(即为充分必要)。ASSUMPTION的方法排除充分条件出现,必要条件不出现的情况。或充分条件一定能推出必要条件,或排除充分条件推不出必要条件的可能
原文是类比:ASSUMPTION方式为两者本质不是不同
调查:肯定有效性(被调查的对象有代表性等)
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我的问题是:
问题1:
GAP和排除他因有时是否也是统一的? 即既可以用GAP做,也可以用排他因做? 如OG103.
103. The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet. The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers. Therefore, innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purpose of competition in bicycle races.
Which of the following is an assumption made in drawing the conclusion above?
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets. C
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.
问题2:
可不可以把条件型结论的Assumption解题方法在OG80上应用一下, 因为不是很理解"ASSUMPTION的方法排除充分条件出现,必要条件不出现的情况。或充分条件一定能推出必要条件,或排除充分条件推不出必要条件的可能 "?
80.The program to control the entry of illegal drugs into the country was a failure in 1987. If the program had been successful, the wholesale price of most illegal drugs would not have dropped substantially in 1987.
The argument in the passage depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) The supply of illegal drugs dropped substantially in 1987.
(B) The price paid for most illegal drugs by the average consumer did not drop substantially in 1987.
(C) Domestic production of illegal drugs increased at a higher rate than did the entry of such drugs into the country.
(D) The wholesale price of a few illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987. E
(E) A drop in demand for most illegal drugs in 1987 was not the sole cause of the drop in their wholesale price.
请Lawyer解释一下, 或者其他XDJM知道的都帮忙解答一下,谢谢!
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-8-4 10:02:34编辑过] |