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gwd 10 25-28 就是机经里印第安人用水权的文章,大家讨论一下

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91#
发表于 2010-4-24 15:04:54 | 只看该作者
我也顶一下,昨天晚上看这篇纠结了很久还是没看懂,今天继续看
92#
发表于 2010-5-19 23:39:55 | 只看该作者
本来打算晚上做7篇RC的,前2个OK,轮到这个,我崩溃了,纠结了,郁闷了,难过了。。。
93#
发表于 2010-6-18 15:58:53 | 只看该作者
这篇简直了~只为了整明白这篇 打乱了我一天的计划~~BT!
94#
发表于 2010-7-8 16:34:12 | 只看该作者
原来大家都有同感,第一遍看完四道题全挂掉,看了第二遍还是不明白,只能求助google了
95#
发表于 2010-9-1 17:51:16 | 只看该作者
原来大家都有同感,第一遍看完四道题全挂掉,看了第二遍还是不明白,只能求助google了
-- by 会员 yong6020 (2010/7/8 16:34:12)



原来大家都深有同感。
这篇文章我在蓝色的GMAT官方指南语文部分中见过一次,GWD中做过两次,仍然是文章看不懂,题目基本全错
于是我决定痛改前非,认真分析一下,请各位指正!同时,分析完后,我觉得,实际上,这篇文章没有想象的那么恐怖!
各位需放平心态,好好理解。

下面是文章的提纲:

1段,第一句话,告诉我们,在winter.V中,高等法院给了FB这个地方的印第安人water rights BY treaty established the (印第安人的)  reservations.紧接一个让步:though 这个treaty没有mention water rights,最高法院仍然认为政府在建立保护区时是打算公平对待Indians,所以就保护他们的water rights(因为如果没有水,保护他们的土地也就没有用处了)马上,作者说,自从有了Winter.V这个东西以后,高等法院就类似于有法可依了,只要满足(1)(2)(3)条件的,都可以进行water rights的保护。
这里的1,2,3点略读,扫一遍看几个关键单词有个印象即可。

2段,作者开始说另外一些Indians他们是在美国建国之前就建立了water rights,所以后来美国高等法院也批准他们拥有这个权力。
For Examples是作者举了一个叫RG的村庄,他存在于美国在新墨西哥(洲)建立主权之前。那么事实就是这个RG村根本就不符合winter V.规定的条件(刚才在1,2,3处留的印象,现在调出来)就算基于这个事实,【转折】however,并不阻碍waterV.的应用。
【疑问产生了:既然不符合条件,为什么还能用winterV.作者下一句话马上就给你解释】
作者说:保护区的建立是一个实际问题,不应该教条处理,实际上,RG村一直被当成US的保护区啊。
为了能够自圆其说呢,US就搞了一个新的法案Arizona V. california,
内容就是,不管你这个保护区是怎么建的(针对RG村这种情况),都不影响他在WinterV法案的应用。【这就把矛盾解决了】

文章脉络还是清晰的,
首先告诉你FB这个地方的印第安人通过Winter法案获得水权。然后告诉你满足winer.V法案的条件3个。
第二段告诉你有RG村不满足条件,但是呢,通过另外一个AV.C法案告诉你,RG村可以满足winter.V法案获得水权。

我的话可能比较口语,但是是按照原文意思来说的,不知道这样清楚了没有~
96#
发表于 2010-9-1 17:59:38 | 只看该作者
再贴上我4题的分析:
Q25:

The author cites the fact that the Rio Grande
pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands primarily in order to do which of the following?
橙色字表明Rio Grande pueblos不满足Winters的条件。


回到原文,20-32行的3条件定位就知道。              

  1. Suggest why it might have been argued that theWinters doctrine ought not to apply to pueblo lands

  2. Imply that the United States
    never really acquired sovereignty over pueblo lands
  • Argue that the pueblo lands ought still to be considered part of federal public lands

  • Support the argument that the water rights of citizens other than American Indians are limited by the Winters doctrine

  • Suggest that federal courts cannot claim jurisdiction over cases disputing the traditional diversion and use of water by Pueblo Indians

    Answer: A

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Q26:

    The passage suggests that, if the criteria discussed in lines 16 – 32 were the only criteria for establishing a reservation’s water rights, which of the following would be true?



    1. The water rights of the inhabitants of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation would not take precedence over those of other citizens.

    2. Reservations established before 1848 would be judged to have no water rights.

    3. There would be no legal basis for the water rights of theRio Grande
      pueblos.
    因为Rio Grande pueblos并不满足16-32行的条件:
    the pueblo lands never formally constituted a part of federal public lands; in any event, no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public lands as American Indian reservations.(44-51)
    如果3条件是唯一的法律可循的话,RG pueblos这个地方的水权就没有依据,因为他不满足三条件。
  • Reservations other than American Indian reservations could not be created with reserved water rights.

  • Treaties establishing reservations would have to mention water rights explicitly in order to reserve water for a particular purpose.

    Answer: C

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Q27:

    According to the passage, which of the following was true of the treaty establishing the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation?


    定位到开头有FB保护区的地方。

    1. It was challenged in the Supreme Court a number of times.

    2. It was rescinded by the federal government, an action that gave rise to the Winters case.

    3. It cited American Indians’ traditional use of the land’s resources.

    4. It failed to mention water rights to be enjoyed by the reservation’s inhabitants.
      Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by preserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless.
      (8-16行)

    5. It was modified by the Supreme Court in Arizona v. California
    .
    Answer: D

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Q28:

    The primary purpose of the passage is to

     橙色字体部分是我认为文中没有涉及的或者是不是主要涉及的内容。
    1. trace the development of laws establishing American Indian reservations  
    2. explain the legal bases for the water rights of American Indian tribes

    3. question the legal criteria often used to determine the water rights of American Indian tribes

    4. discuss evidence establishing the earliest date at which the federal government recognized the water rights of American Indians

    5. point out a legal distinction between different types of American Indian reservations
      ANSWER:B

  • 97#
    发表于 2011-5-31 22:55:28 | 只看该作者
    传说中的传说中的啊...
    杯具死了.
    第一篇看文章花了5分钟,觉得单词都不难,但是搞不懂逻辑.
    后面做题花了十几分钟,然后结果是只对了两题 =.=
    对于OG58题,开始我也不明白为什么要选C,看了大家的翻译跟讨论后,我觉得因为如果1,2,3中的任意一个作为唯一依据的话,RG是一条都不符合,所以RG拥有water rights是没有任何法律依据的.
    而对于ans E,我觉得不应该是for a particular purpose.
    其实我也选的是E  >.<"
    98#
    发表于 2011-7-1 08:23:27 | 只看该作者
    穿越时空感谢前辈们~~~~
    99#
    发表于 2012-2-18 11:17:15 | 只看该作者
    其实文章懂了,但一直就不不明白大家解释的为什么RG违反了10-20行中提出的(1)(2)(3)种情况中的前两种。

    刚才突然顿悟了,转过了那个弯。

    因为如后文24-32行所说,RG不是通过条约建立的,确切说,一直没有明确建立过。所以按照法律或什么规定(文章这里没有提到什么法律或规定,这是一个assumption,就是因为没有意识到这个assumption,也就没有意识到下面两条,所以我一直在犯晕):

    首先RG的土地现在应该是属于联邦的——这违反了情况(1)
    从1848年联邦政府获得新墨西哥州开始,RG的土地就被联邦政府收回了——这违反了情况(2)

    但是本文又说了,印第安人保留地是一个实践概念,不一定要什么条约建立,这样它就又成了相对独立的自治区域。(我就是对这一条印象太深了,所以一直觉得RG印第安人保留地本来就不是联邦政府的,本来就是因地安人的,所以一直意识不到上面两条。)

    美国人这都是什么表达,真是害人啊
    100#
    发表于 2013-8-9 10:59:04 | 只看该作者
    还没有人在2013马一记~谢谢各位NN的解答,受益匪浅!
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