GWD-9-37

bigp

对这道题选Ａ毫无异议：

但是Ａ选项有一个地方比较讨厌：

Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.

好端端的一个选项，非得加上这么个东西，结果个人感觉有点儿和原文中的ｓｔｕｄｙ开始后一个月有一点儿冲突。但是既然是ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ题，也就无所谓了。如果是ａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ，那可就值得好好考虑考虑了。各位的意见哪？

scorpio0001

我认为此题不严密，题中没有说明在一开始就抽烟的人是否一直在抽烟，所以我觉得at the study's end 很多余。

ethyl

题中没有说明在一开始就抽烟的人是否一直在抽烟

began smoking就说明是一直在抽吧，我看的时候就是这么理解滴

A：原文a——>b，A说不是b——〉a

B：无关比较吧

C：成员组成无关

D：这个some无关

E：alcohol无关

foreinter

是这样的，当时犹豫了半天选错了，还是没看懂A

思谦

文中说是抽烟的比较易忧郁，而这里A是说忧郁还是不忧郁的人易不易吸烟。怎么加强呀？请大家指教。

ethyl

Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed

文章结论说忧郁使人吸烟，问加强。

A说那些开始就忧郁的人和那些开始不忧郁的人有一样的可能性在研究结束后成为烟民。

其实A排除了一种原因的可能，看4楼的解释。

shocking

虽然一开始做这道题目的时候就觉得A可能是答案，不过怎么看都觉得A是个很愚蠢的答案，一个要研究吸烟是否会导致忧郁症的实验显然是不可能以忧郁症患者为研究对象的，否则岂不是很容易导致原因和结果的混淆(即分不清到底是吸烟导致了忧郁还是忧郁导致了吸烟)。所以实验对象里面是不大可能有忧郁症患者的。

答案有没有可能是C啊，因为如果实验者中有很多人是亲戚或朋友的话，很可能一个人患了忧郁症而影响到亲戚、朋友的情绪，使他们也患上忧郁症，如果同时这些人都吸烟，就不能确定是否是吸烟导致了忧郁症。所以实验者中很少人是亲戚朋友可以加强推论。

随便写写，欢迎指正。

dreamerps

以下是引用vincentcpu在2004-11-23 15:26:00的发言：

其實這是 ETS 慣用的技倆

呵呵，一点都没错，我把这种题型叫做A cause B,but actually B cause A型题

这是我在大全里面收集的，OG里面也有几题，共享：

TEST 10-12.  A study comparing a group of chronically depressed individuals with an otherwise matched group of individuals free from depression found significantly more disorders of the immune system among the depressed group. According to the researchers, these results strongly support the hypothesis that mental states influence the body’s vulnerability to infection.（即depress导致disorders of the immune system）

Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the researchers’ interpretation of their findings?

(A) The researchers’ view does little more than echo a familiar theme in folklore and literature.

(B) Chronically depressed individuals are no less careful than others to avoid exposure to infections.

(C) Disorders of the immune system cause many of those individuals who have them to become chronically depressed.( A cause B,but actually B cause A）

(D) Individuals who have previously been free from depression can become depressed quite suddenly.（C）

(E) A high frequency of infections can stem from an unusually high level of exposure rather than from any disorder of the immune system.

TEST13-12.   A researcher studying drug addicts found that, on average, they tend to manipulate other people a great deal more than nonaddicts do. The researcher concluded that people who frequently manipulate other people are likely to become addicts.那些影响其他人的人自己反而更容易上瘾

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researcher’s conclusion?A cause B,but actually B cause A

(A) After becoming addicted to drugs, drug addicts learn to manipulate other people as a way of obtaining drugs.

(B) When they are imprisoned, drug addicts often use their ability to manipulate other people to obtain better living conditions.

(C) Some nonaddicts manipulate other people more than some addicts do.

(D) People who are likely to become addicts exhibit unusual behavior patterns other than frequent manipulation of other people.（A）

(E) The addicts that the researcher studied were often unsuccessful in obtaining what they wanted when they manipulated other people.

A：在影响他人之前就上瘾了，A说明文章把原因和结果搞混了，是反对因果关系颠倒的典型题，A指出manipulating others是果而非因。other than应该是"不同于，除了"的意思，不论是包括还是不包括自己，D都没有指出原逻辑的错误，仅仅反对其结论，所以一定不正确。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-8 22:24:17编辑过]

handi

以下是引用shocking在2005-10-4 23:18:00的发言：

虽然一开始做这道题目的时候就觉得A可能是答案，不过怎么看都觉得A是个很愚蠢的答案，一个要研究吸烟是否会导致忧郁症的实验显然是不可能以忧郁症患者为研究对象的，否则岂不是很容易导致原因和结果的混淆(即分不清到底是吸烟导致了忧郁还是忧郁导致了吸烟)。所以实验对像里面是不大可能有忧郁症患者的。

答案有没有可能是C啊，因为如果实验者中有很多人是亲戚或朋友的话，很可能一个人患了忧郁症而影响到亲戚、朋友的情绪，使他们也患上忧郁症，如果同时这些人都吸烟，就不能确定是否是吸烟导致了忧郁症。所以实验者中很少人是亲戚朋友可以加强推论。

随便写写，欢迎指正。

我的思路也是这样....

不知道这样解释的通嘛?

open to discuss

advantage

排除因果循环