GWD-9-37

sofarsgood

GWD9－37

Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthen the argument?

Ø       Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.

Ø       Participants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.

Ø       Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.

Ø       Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.

Ø       The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.

没思路，劳驾指点。谢谢。

mindfree

First choice. It rules out the possibility that those who started to smoke are the results of being depressed in the first place.

sofarsgood

thanks a lot

Andrea625

以下是引用mindfree在2004-9-9 11:02:00的发言：
First choice. It rules out the possibility that those who started to smoke are the results of being depressed in the first place.

排除他因：就是在开始的时候就depress的在调查结束时候并不比那些开始的时候不depress的更容易开始吸烟。（也就是说，这些开始就depress的人不对调查产生影响，因为最后分析的是开始不吸烟，后来吸烟的人，而这些人开始到最后都不吸烟。） 对吧？

rings

谁能帮我翻译一下A选项呢?看不懂

robertchu

Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.
在开始的时候就忧郁的人 不会 比 那些在开始的时候不忧郁的人 更容易开始吸烟。

rings: you should try to think in English :-)

g077126

A选项的作用在于说明:是抽烟导致depress,排除了的人本身depress的可能性.

vincentcpu

其實這是 ETS 慣用的技倆

記不記得還有一題 作息時間不同的夫妻 ==> 感情會不好  Weaken 這個結論的原因 是 因為感情不好的夫妻 傾向故意把作息時間弄得不同

也就是用反果為因的論述來打壞原來的

再這一提也裡也是

如果說  depress 會引起人抽煙 那在 Study end 時發現 抽煙的人都有 depress 就不稀奇了 因為是 depress 引起人想抽煙 不是抽煙引起 depress

如此一來 若是把這個推翻結論的可能性排除 自然就加強了這個 conclusion

droppa

A取非正好与结论相反。

msfox

同意8楼。