GWD 12 阅读第一篇 Q7

mathfin9

The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)       to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

(25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory

Q7:

It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.

Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.

The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.

Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.

E The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic

memory.

大家都选A，我怎么选B啊

而且看前文，T认为这个memory是人独有的

C通过实验不能证明这个memory其中的一点，就是reexperience

我觉得很合理，请指点

bryan0806

Tulving唯一出现只在这句

The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)       to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.

“episodic memory”这个理论其实也 use information about a specific past event 因为它recollect specific past events

其他选项似乎都可以排除 其实我一开始选了B  

但是后来看了一下  Tulving没有提到动物 更不用说动物与人的差别了

tiantian

I choose E. What's wrong with E?

bryan0806

以下是引用tiantian在2004-10-17 4:08:00的发言：
I choose E. What's wrong with E?

你怎么推出E?

文中好像没有提到distinctive feature of episodic memory 这概念吧?

mikeleven

4567:
acca

7肯定是a
如果T认为A错，就是把A的are not的not 去除，那么就跟他自己的认知矛盾了，因为这么一来，EM就不是人类独有的了。所以T想必会同意A的论述。
如果C认为A错，同样把A的are not的not 去除，那么他就证明了动物也有EM的能力，推翻了T的论述，无须再搞一个E-Like的说法哩！

E
如果E成立，那么C何必做实验搞半天呢？
C的实验就是要了解动物能否binding the information，如果可以的话，就有EM的能力，不行就没有。结果实验"showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when"(30行)，动词用RETAIN，不是BIND，就是因为31行：实验无法显示他们是否reexperincing，即他们RETAIN information的可能是藉BIND的方式，也可能是仅藉REEXPERINCE。所以无法肯定动物能否BIND，只能说明他们是RETAIN了information，到底是BIND来的还是REEXPERINCE来的>>不知道。于是C就自己发明了E-LIKE来解释他的实验成果。
如果BIND不是EM的特色，那么C的实验就完全无意义，因为就算它证明了动物BIND information，那也不能代表动物有EM的能力了。
所以E铁定错了，T怎么看选项E就根本无须讨论了。

how do u say?

youpiao

楼上的DD，既然你第7题选A，认为“所以无法肯定动物能否BIND，”

那你第6题为何要选C呢？

第6题选C看来是大家公认的了，那么第6题的答案就说明The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of human, animals 也可以。

如果第6题选C，那么第7题的答案应该是E。

mikeleven

以下是引用youpiao在2004-11-23 18:45:00的发言：

楼上的DD，既然你第7题选A，认为“所以无法肯定动物能否BIND，”

那你第6题为何要选C呢？

第6题选C看来是大家公认的了，那么第6题的答案就说明The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of human, animals 也可以。

如果第6题选C，那么第7题的答案应该是E。

你说的很对，谢谢你的提醒。
不过这么一来，我真的不知道我的理解哪里出问题了，我又看了半天，还是找不到我上面的想法哪里有错啊，但偏偏如果那样解这篇文章，第6题还真的不逻辑了@_@！

第6题说，C的实验就证明了他们可以bind the information，因此，根据第10行，according....they involve multiple components of a single event "bound" together实验不就证明了scrub jay有EM了吗?

@_@昏啊
快帮帮我吧....谢谢你了...

flowerrainn

这题我是这么看的:

     TULVING  的观点是两点才能构成EPISODIC MEMORY:1能够收集过去的信息  ;2 要能回到过去的MIND (如文:the ability to recollect specific past events,to travel back into the past in one’s own mind)

       而CLAY 不能得出鸟有EPISODIC MEMORY的结论的原因是他能证实第一点,没法证实鸟也有第二点,如文的试验和这句(Such experiments cannot,however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information)

   

所以这就说明了这题的答案是A.    (无法下结论这就是...)  虽然没提到过TULVING 讲了任何鸟的事情,但是他是先做出 "人类才有这个能力的结论的人",必定也经过了验证,要是CLAY这么容易就试验到的结果他都没考虑过类似的,他也不会这么容易下这个结论.  从作者的行文语气中,也没有对这个TERM (如文开头)的否定.

而答案E,  实际上CLAY没有否定这不是EPISODIC MEMORY的一个特有的FEATURE.(作实验就是为了指明这是其中的一个FEATURE)因为他可能还试验了别的动物,都没有这个能力呢?  鸟所以没被称为有EPISODIC MEMORY,是因为鸟是否有EPISODIC MEMORY 的另一个FEATURE没法证明.

请指教.

                                

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-11-25 6:07:19编辑过]

msfox

感觉选A，

E不对因为“Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity—the ability to recollect specific past events,  to travel back into the past in one's own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply...",

所以Tulving认为The binding of different kinds of information is  a distinctive feature of episodic memory.而E选项是”is not “

forlove

Is there a conclusive answer now?

so confused. I have to read it again.