关于Ving用法—og12 sc 中21和og25比较，有点迷惑了

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 13:12:25

说得对。 "Based on..." 作为noun modifier修饰主语。但，不合逻辑 

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我顺便顶上来问问，SC25中A选项，Based on 为什么不对啊？因为逻辑主语错误么？<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 费兰明高 (2012/2/5 10:58:26)</div> 
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yiayia · 发表于 2012-2-5 14:11:45

v-ing作为modifier，有两种，一种是noun modifier，一种是adverbial modifier，前者遵从touch rule（一般说来noun modifier都遵从touch rule）。 如果v-ing放在句首，那么就必然是作为noun modifier，修饰——主语（必然的，遵从touch rule，最近的noun当然是主语啦）。你给出的第二个例句: "Using ..., scholars ...."就是很典型的例子，"using ..."作为noun modifier，修饰scholars. baby 姐  求问在manhattan "position of noun modifier"一章中，明确指出ving放在句首是verb modifier.： Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem. A present participle at the beginning of a scientist is often to made to be dangling.Although these form are technologically verb modifiers, they are still need a noun subject that make sence.

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 14:36:24

赞！你说得对，确实是verb modifier，不是我说的noun modifier。不过要applies to the subject 

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v-ing作为modifier，有两种，一种是noun modifier，一种是adverbial modifier，前者遵从touch rule（一般说来noun modifier都遵从touch rule）。 如果v-ing放在句首，那么就必然是作为noun modifier，修饰——主语（必然的，遵从touch rule，最近的noun当然是主语啦）。你给出的第二个例句: "Using ..., scholars ...."就是很典型的例子，"using ..."作为noun modifier，修饰scholars. baby 姐  求问在manhattan "position of noun modifier"一章中，明确指出ving放在句首是verb modifier.： Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem. A present participle at the beginning of a scientist is often to made to be dangling.Although these form are technologically verb modifiers, they are still need a noun subject that make sence.<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yiayia (2012/2/5 14:11:45)</div> 
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yiayia · 发表于 2012-2-5 15:40:50

<div style="text-align:left;">帮大家总结下~~~ 1)V+ing,SVO 可以修饰主语、谓语 noun modifier or verb modifier v-ing放到句子之前，不用太关心verb modifier，还是叫noun modifier，都无所谓，因为他就是针对主语的且和主句意思有关 </div> <div style="text-align:left;">Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem.  （verb modifier） </div> <div style="text-align:left;">Using accounts of various ancient writers，scholarshave painted a sketchy picture of the activitiesof anall-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixthcentury B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin asBona Dea, “the good goddess.”  （noun modifier） </div> <div style="text-align:left;">2)S,V+ing,VO 修饰主语 noun modifier </div> <div style="text-align:left;">Neuroscientists, V-ing, verb + object. </div> <div style="text-align:left;">3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语，句子   verb modifier or clause modifier（相当于副词adverbial modifier, modifies the entire action of the preceding clause and applies to the subject within that clause.） </div> <div style="text-align:left;">当V-ing作verb modifier 时，不能修饰现在完成时态的谓语 </div> I lifted the weight, whistling。（仅仅表示同时发生的一个动作） <div style="text-align:left;">OG11-24 /12-30For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears. A. a method to protect B. as a method protecting C.

rotecting（C） D. as a protection of E. to protect 有童鞋(我也是。。)可能认为protecting 是修饰items或equipment, 但是"svo comma v-ing"必须是verb modifier！OG对此的解释是 revealing the purpose of the items.体会下为什么不说modify the items of military equipment? 因此protecting是 adv,表目的。 </div> <div style="text-align:left;"></div> <div style="text-align:left;">修饰句子往往表示由被修饰句子引起的结果，这种情况，ing结尾不存在问题 </div> <div style="text-align:left;"> Crime has recently decreased,leading to... </div> <div style="text-align:left;">TIPS:noun modifier 必须满足touch rule Verb modifer位置比较宽松，放在句首、句尾都可，但一定要applies to the subject 相关链接：<a href="http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443" target="_blank">http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443</a> http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-650744-4-1.html 在此万分感谢baby姐的帮助~ </div>

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 15:55:38

赞~ 我个人觉得，你的第一点，"V-ing, SVO" 真不用非要说是noun modifier还是verb modifier，其实你给的2个例子都是一样，但一个说verb modifier一个说noun modifier，何必自己给自己添麻烦呢？

其实按Ron说的，不需要知道语法术语，需要recognize the pattern: "V-ing, SVO" 注意这种情况下"V-ing" should logically apply to the subject 就可以了 

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<div style="text-align:left;">帮大家总结下~~~ 1)V+ing,SVO 可以修饰主语、谓语 noun modifier or verb modifier </div> <div style="text-align:left;">Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem.  （verb modifier） </div> <div style="text-align:left;">Using accounts of various ancient writers，scholarshave painted a sketchy picture of the activitiesof anall-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixthcentury B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin asBona Dea, “the good goddess.”  noun modifier </div> <div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yiayia (2012/2/5 15:40:50)</div> 
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babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 15:58:53

3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语，句子   noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier "SVO, V-ing" 这种pattern， V-ing必须是verb modifier啊，毫无争议！ 不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object，否则必须没有逗号 http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443

yiayia · 发表于 2012-2-5 16:13:35

嗯嗯~ 之所以区分 noun和verb modifier是因为第二个例子里verb是 have amssed，有童鞋会认为OG12-21说过 a present-tense descriptor should not be attached to a present-perfect clause. noun modifier就是很好的解释~~ 其实大多数情况下很难区分到底是哪种~也没必要区分

yiayia · 发表于 2012-2-5 16:16:28

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3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语，句子   noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier "SVO, V-ing" 这种pattern， V-ing必须是verb modifier啊，毫无争议！ 不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object，否则必须没有逗号 http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/5 15:58:53)</div> 
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 但是存在下面这道，就是修饰 object OG11-24For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears. A. a method to protect B. as a method protecting C. Protecting（C） D. as a protection of E. to protect OG11的解释： The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment. A A method to protect is an awkward reference to items B The singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic C Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items. D Beginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness E The infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 16:18:10

赞~这下清楚了~ 其实Manhattan SC的观点是，一切v-ing形式的时态都跟从它修饰的对象所在的clause的时态。 比如： I saw a man cleaning the street. I see a man cleaning the street. I will see a man cleaning the street. 这个"cleaning the street"的动作，依次是过去、现在、将来，也就是说跟从主句时态。 Anyway，有时候几种理解殊途同归.

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 16:27:33

这题昨天还是前天和suri讨论过，一定一定不能理解为修饰object!!!!!!!!! OG11-24For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. shields were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. 如果你认为这是个noun modifier，那么就是根据touch rule, 修饰military equipment，或者是"essential items of military equipment". 可是，你从意思上看，你觉得"protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears" 是military equipment的作用么？军事设备就是这么描述的？

显然，"protecting ..." 描述的是shields的作用，或者说补充说明这整个一句话的意思" shields were military equipment"，因此，一定一定是adverbial modifier. 类比： I am a Harvard student, entering my senior year.   （尽管我不是哈，编个句子） 显然，"entering my senior year"说的是我，或者修饰"I am a Harvard student"这件事情 不能理解为是一个noun modifier修饰"Harvard student"，因为你不能说所有哈佛学生都马上上大四。 

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3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语，句子   noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier "SVO, V-ing" 这种pattern， V-ing必须是verb modifier啊，毫无争议！ 不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object，否则必须没有逗号 http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/5 15:58:53)</div> 
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 但是存在下面这道，就是修饰 object OG11-24For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears. A. a method to protect B. as a method protecting C. Protecting（C） D. as a protection of E. to protect OG11的解释： The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment. A A method to protect is an awkward reference to items B The singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic C Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items. D Beginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness E The infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required <div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yiayia (2012/2/5 16:16:28)</div> 
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关于Ving用法—og12 sc 中21和og25比较，有点迷惑了

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