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关于Ving用法—og12 sc 中21和og25比较,有点迷惑了

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11#
发表于 2012-2-5 13:12:25 | 只看该作者
说得对。<br />&quot;Based on...&quot; 作为noun modifier修饰主语。但,不合逻辑<br /><br />

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我顺便顶上来问问,SC25中A选项,Based on 为什么不对啊?因为逻辑主语错误么?<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 <u>费兰明高</u> (2012/2/5 10:58:26)</div><br />
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12#
发表于 2012-2-5 14:11:45 | 只看该作者
v-ing作为modifier,有两种,一种是noun modifier,一种是adverbial modifier,前者遵从touch rule(一般说来noun modifier都遵从touch rule)。<br /><br /><span style="color:#f10b00;">如果v-ing放在句首,那么就必然是作为noun modifier,修饰——主语</span>(必然的,遵从touch rule,最近的noun当然是主语啦)。你给出的第二个例句: &quot;Using ..., scholars ....&quot;就是很典型的例子,&quot;using ...&quot;作为noun modifier,修饰scholars.<br />baby 姐 &nbsp;求问在manhattan &quot;<span style="color:#f10b00;">position of noun modifier</span>&quot;一章中,<span style="color:#f10b00;">明确指出ving放在句首是verb modifier</span>.:<br />Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem.<br />A present participle at the beginning of a scientist is often to made to be dangling.Although these form are <span style="color:#f10b00;">technologically verb modifiers</span>, they are still need a noun subject that make sence.
13#
发表于 2012-2-5 14:36:24 | 只看该作者
赞!你说得对,确实是verb modifier,不是我说的noun modifier。不过要applies to the subject<br /><br />

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v-ing作为modifier,有两种,一种是noun modifier,一种是adverbial modifier,前者遵从touch rule(一般说来noun modifier都遵从touch rule)。<br /><br /><span style="color:#f10b00;">如果v-ing放在句首,那么就必然是作为noun modifier,修饰——主语</span>(必然的,遵从touch rule,最近的noun当然是主语啦)。你给出的第二个例句: &quot;Using ..., scholars ....&quot;就是很典型的例子,&quot;using ...&quot;作为noun modifier,修饰scholars.<br />baby 姐 &nbsp;求问在manhattan &quot;<span style="color:#f10b00;">position of noun modifier</span>&quot;一章中,<span style="color:#f10b00;">明确指出ving放在句首是verb modifier</span>.:<br />Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem.<br />A present participle at the beginning of a scientist is often to made to be dangling.Although these form are <span style="color:#f10b00;">technologically verb modifiers</span>, they are still need a noun subject that make sence.<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 <u>yiayia</u> (2012/2/5 14:11:45)</div><br />
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14#
发表于 2012-2-5 15:40:50 | 只看该作者
<div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">帮大家总结下~~~<br />1)</font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">V+ing,SVO <font face="宋体">可以修饰主语、谓语 </font><font face="Tahoma">noun modifier or verb modifier<br />v-ing放到句子之前,不用太关心verb modifier,还是叫noun modifier,都无所谓,因为他就是针对主语的且和主句意思有关<br /></font></font></span></font></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman">Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem.</font><font face="宋体"> &nbsp;(</font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">verb modifier</font></span><font face="宋体">)</font></font><font face="宋体"><br /></font></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;">Using accounts of various ancient </span></font><font face="Times New Roman">writers</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;">scholars</span></font><font face="宋体"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;"></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;">have painted a sketchy picture of the activities</span></font><span style="color:#fe2419;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;"></span></font></span><font face="Times New Roman">of an</font><font face="宋体"></font><font face="Times New Roman">all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth</font><font face="宋体"></font><font face="Times New Roman">century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as</font><font face="宋体"></font><font face="Times New Roman">Bona Dea, “the good goddess.” &nbsp;(noun modifier)</font></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">2)</font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">S,V+ing,VO <font face="宋体">修饰主语 </font><font face="Tahoma">noun modifier</font></font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman">Neuroscientists, </font><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fef4c4;">V-ing</span></font><font face="Times New Roman">, verb + object.</font></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><font size="2">3)SVO,V-ing <font face="宋体">修饰谓语,句子 &nbsp; </font><font face="Tahoma">verb modifier or clause modifier(相当于副词adverbial modifier, modifies the entire action of the preceding clause and applies to the subject within that clause.)</font></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><font size="2">当<font face="Tahoma">V-ing</font><font face="宋体">作</font><font face="Tahoma">verb modifier </font><font face="宋体">时,不能修饰现在完成时态的谓语 </font></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="宋体">I lifted the weight, whistling。(仅仅表示同时发生的一个动作)</font></font></span><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">OG11-24 /12-30</font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, </font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"><u>a method to protect</u></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"> warriors against enemy arrows and spears.</font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></span><br /><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">A. </font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">a method to protect</font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></span><br /><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">B. </font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">as a method protecting</font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></span><br /><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">C. </font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">rotecting</font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">(</font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">C</font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">)</font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></span><br /><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">D. </font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">as a protection of </font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></span><br /><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">E. </font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma">to protect</font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></span><br /><font face="宋体">有童鞋(我也是。。)可能认为protecting 是修饰items或equipment, 但是<span style="color:#f10b00;">&quot;svo comma v-ing&quot;必须是verb modifier</span><span style="color:#000000;">!OG对此的解释是 revealing the purpose of the items.体会下为什么不说modify the items of military equipment? 因此protecting是 adv,表目的。</span></font><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align:left;"></div><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><font size="2">修饰句子往往表示由被修饰句子引起的结果,这种情况,<font face="Tahoma">ing</font><font face="宋体">结尾不存在问题</font></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="宋体"> Crime has recently decreased,leading to...<br /></font></font></span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><font size="2">TIPS:noun modifier <font face="宋体">必须满足</font><font face="Tahoma">touch rule</font></font></font></span><br /><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">Verb modifer<font face="宋体">位置比较宽松,放在句首、句尾都可,但一定要</font></font></span><font face="Times New Roman">applies to the subject<br /><br />相关链接:<a href="http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443" target="_blank">http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443</a><br />http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-650744-4-1.html<br />在此万分感谢baby姐的帮助~<br /></font></font></div>
15#
发表于 2012-2-5 15:55:38 | 只看该作者
赞~<br />我个人觉得,你的第一点,&quot;V-ing, SVO&quot; 真不用非要说是noun modifier还是verb modifier,其实你给的2个例子都是一样,但一个说verb modifier一个说noun modifier,何必自己给自己添麻烦呢?<br />其实按Ron说的,不需要知道语法术语,需要recognize the pattern: &quot;V-ing, SVO&quot;<br />注意这种情况下&quot;V-ing&quot; should <span style="color:#f10b00;">logically apply to the subject</span><br />就可以了<br /><br />

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<div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">帮大家总结下~~~<br />1)</font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">V+ing,SVO <font face="宋体">可以修饰主语、谓语 </font><font face="Tahoma">noun modifier or verb modifier</font></font></span></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman">Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem.</font><font face="宋体"> &nbsp;(</font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体">verb modifier</font></span><font face="宋体">)</font></font><font face="宋体"><br /></font></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;">Using accounts of various ancient </span></font><font face="Times New Roman">writers</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;">scholars</span></font><font face="宋体"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;"></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;">have painted a sketchy picture of the activities</span></font><span style="color:#fe2419;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color:#fbfeff;"></span></font></span><font face="Times New Roman">of an</font><font face="宋体"></font><font face="Times New Roman">all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth</font><font face="宋体"></font><font face="Times New Roman">century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as</font><font face="宋体"></font><font face="Times New Roman">Bona Dea, “the good goddess.” &nbsp;noun modifier</font></font><span style="color:#000000;"><font face="宋体"><br /></font></span></div><br /><br /><br /><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></font><div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 <u>yiayia</u> (2012/2/5 15:40:50)</div><br /><br />
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16#
发表于 2012-2-5 15:58:53 | 只看该作者
3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语,句子 &nbsp; noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier<br /><br />&quot;SVO, V-ing&quot; 这种pattern, V-ing必须是verb modifier啊,毫无争议!<br /><br />不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object,否则必须没有逗号<br />http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443
17#
发表于 2012-2-5 16:13:35 | 只看该作者
嗯嗯~<br />之所以区分 noun和verb modifier是因为第二个例子里verb是 have amssed,有童鞋会认为OG12-21说过 a present-tense descriptor should not be attached to a present-perfect clause. noun modifier就是很好的解释~~<br />其实大多数情况下很难区分到底是哪种~也没必要区分
18#
发表于 2012-2-5 16:16:28 | 只看该作者


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3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语,句子 &nbsp; noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier<br /><br />&quot;SVO, V-ing&quot; 这种pattern, V-ing必须是verb modifier啊,毫无争议!<br /><br />不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object,否则必须没有逗号<br />http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 <u>babybearmm</u> (2012/2/5 15:58:53)</div><br /><br />
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<br />但是存在下面这道,就是修饰 object<br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="宋体">OG11-24</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, </font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><u>a method to protect</u></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"> warriors against enemy arrows and spears.</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">A. a method to protect</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">B. as a method protecting</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">C. Protecting</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="宋体">(C)</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">D. as a protection of </font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">E. to protect<br />OG11的解释:<br /><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items of military equipment. </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">It is awkward and inaccurate to describe </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">as </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>a method. </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protecting </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items of military equipment.</em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><br /></em></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">A </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">A method to protect is an awkward reference to items</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">B </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">The singular </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>a method </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">should not refer to the plural </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items, as a method protecting </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">is not idiomatic</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">C </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>Correct.</strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"> In this sentence, </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protecting </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">properly introduces a modifying phrase </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>revealing the purpose of the </strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><strong>items</strong></em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>.</em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">D </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">Beginning the phrase with </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>as </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">is incorrect; using the noun form </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protection </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">creates wordiness</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">E </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>The infinitive </strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><strong>to protect </strong></em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>cannot act as an adjective modifying </strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><strong>items</strong></em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>; </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">the participial form of the verb, </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protecting, </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">is required</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /></font></font></span>
19#
发表于 2012-2-5 16:18:10 | 只看该作者
赞~这下清楚了~<br /><br />其实Manhattan SC的观点是,一切v-ing形式的时态都跟从它修饰的对象所在的clause的时态。<br />比如:<br />I saw a man cleaning the street. <br />I see a man cleaning the street. <br />I will see a man cleaning the street. <br />这个&quot;cleaning the street&quot;的动作,依次是过去、现在、将来,也就是说跟从主句时态。<br /><br />Anyway,有时候几种理解殊途同归.
20#
发表于 2012-2-5 16:27:33 | 只看该作者
这题昨天还是前天和suri讨论过,一定一定不能理解为修饰object!!!!!!!!!<br /><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="宋体">OG11-24</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, </font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><u>protecting</u></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"> warriors against enemy arrows and spears.</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br />shields were essential items of military equipment, <span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><u>protecting</u></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"> warriors against enemy arrows and spears.</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br />如果你认为这是个noun modifier,那么就是根据touch rule, 修饰military equipment,或者是&quot;essential items of military equipment&quot;.<br />可是,你从意思上看,你觉得&quot;<span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><u>protecting</u></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"> warriors against enemy arrows and spears</font></font></span>&quot; 是military equipment的作用么?军事设备就是这么描述的?<br /><br />显然,&quot;protecting ...&quot; 描述的是shields的作用,或者说补充说明这整个一句话的意思&quot; shields were military equipment&quot;,因此,一定一定是adverbial modifier.<br /><br />类比:<br /><br />I am a Harvard student, entering my senior year. &nbsp; (尽管我不是哈,编个句子)<br />显然,&quot;entering my senior year&quot;说的是我,或者修饰&quot;I am a Harvard student&quot;这件事情<br />不能理解为是一个noun modifier修饰&quot;Harvard student&quot;,因为你不能说所有哈佛学生都马上上大四。<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

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3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语,句子 &nbsp; noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier<br /><br />&quot;SVO, V-ing&quot; 这种pattern, V-ing必须是verb modifier啊,毫无争议!<br /><br />不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object,否则必须没有逗号<br />http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 <u>babybearmm</u> (2012/2/5 15:58:53)</div><br /><br /><br />
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<br />但是存在下面这道,就是修饰 object<br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="宋体">OG11-24</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, </font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><u>a method to protect</u></font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"> warriors against enemy arrows and spears.</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">A. a method to protect</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">B. as a method protecting</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">C. Protecting</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="宋体">(C)</font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">D. as a protection of </font></font></span><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><br /></font></font></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">E. to protect<br />OG11的解释:<br /><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items of military equipment. </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">It is awkward and inaccurate to describe </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">as </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>a method. </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protecting </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items of military equipment.</em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><br /></em></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">A </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">A method to protect is an awkward reference to items</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">B </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">The singular </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>a method </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">should not refer to the plural </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>items, as a method protecting </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">is not idiomatic</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">C </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>Correct.</strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"> In this sentence, </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protecting </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">properly introduces a modifying phrase </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>revealing the purpose of the </strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><strong>items</strong></em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>.</em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">D </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">Beginning the phrase with </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>as </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">is incorrect; using the noun form </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protection </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">creates wordiness</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">E </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>The infinitive </strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><strong>to protect </strong></em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><strong>cannot act as an adjective modifying </strong></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em><strong>items</strong></em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>; </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">the participial form of the verb, </font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><em>protecting, </em></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma">is required</font></font><font size="2"><font face="Tahoma"><br /></font></font><br /></font></font></span><div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 <u>yiayia</u> (2012/2/5 16:16:28)</div><br />
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