关于Ving用法—og12 sc 中21和og25比较，有点迷惑了

rocer · 发表于 2012-4-15 15:35:28

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从头爬了一遍。 再次总结一下附上yiayia哥的总结加后面的总结。。 Ving—总结 1）    V+ing,SVO 可以修饰主语、谓语 noun modifier or verb modifier 2) S,V+ing,VO 修饰主语 noun modifier 3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语，句子   verb modifier or clause modifier 切记绝对没有noun-modify（相当于副词adverbial modifier, modifies the entire action of the preceding clause and applies to the subject within that clause.）  且可以修饰进行时、完成时 4)comma+v-ed 是严格的touch-role 就近修饰前面的名词 5），"comma+v-ing"作为状语，如果不是"simultaneously with"那种情况，就必须表达"direct and immediate consequence". With—总结 With summer coming, biologists estimate that the deer population will soon increase. × With summer coming, the dear population, based on the estimation of biologists, will soon increase.√ Base—总结 base是继物动词 你可以说"basing A on B"，但不能说"basing on B" 没有"base on sth" 的，可以有"based on sth." 就相当于 A is based on sth. A, based on sth, is bla bla bla 欢迎大家补充哈…………<img src="/static/legacy-emoticon/54.gif" emoticon="[em:54]" alt="" /> 突然很想说点啥。。额。。 喜欢baby姐姐不止是这些 姐姐由于跟我们不是同一个时区在我们大下午的时候姐姐早已经是深夜了 我常发现姐姐在应该是很晚很晚很晚的时候仍然在看书 她自己课业应该要比我们繁忙因为她同时还在准备CFA 但是这些问题她都逐一回答了每一个问题不管大小 小到可能细心的同学往前翻一翻就发现答案在前面 大到从头到尾重新帮你梳理一遍知识体系 甚至包括你需要翻墙才能打开的网页她都帮你复制粘贴 甚至这些问题需要她好几个小时 当我觉得都有些不好意思的时候她还甚至会安慰我说我帮助她整理了这些知识体系 我说这些只是希望每一位潜水的或者冒泡的CDer们。。 无论你们考出来了怎样的成绩当有一天离开CD的时候 都不要忘记姐姐曾经带给大家的帮助 而我们从她这里学走的不仅是一个一个清晰完整的知识点 应该是一个CDer的学习精神以及人格魅力！！<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 199249712 (2012/4/5 9:09:54)</div> 
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 mark!!!!~~我觉得baby姐真的很好 每天翻翻baby姐姐的日志都会很有收获~~ 相信baby好人有好报~~~

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-4-16 02:22:49

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这个帖子要被发展成为v-ing专业户了。。。。 再贴一道题目 OG12 102.  As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest the middle of the twelfth century, most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water wasLess limited. (A) whose access to water was less limited (B) where there was access to water that was less limited (C) where they had less limited water access (D) with less limitations on water access (E) having less limitations to water access 关于这个题目中的E选项，如果我们是掉E选项中的其他错误（less的问题，limitations on的问题，water access的问题），仅仅是考虑这里的v-ing的用法，那么这个v-ing的用法是正确的吧？作为noun modifier修饰其紧跟的clans？是不是就可以理解为clans 的定语了？<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/7 19:37:22)</div> 
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 "仅仅是考虑这里的v-ing的用法，那么这个v-ing的用法是正确的吧？作为noun modifier修饰其紧跟的clans？是不是就可以理解为clans 的定语了？" 可以这么理解，但是不理想。 clans having less limitations to water access 是reduced relative clause，等效于 clans that were having less limitations to water access 你看这句话就觉得不对劲儿了，是吧？应该表达成（此处不考虑别的问题）： clans who had less limitations to water access 类似题目，我日记里和小Yo讨论过一道，整理见附件

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-4-16 02:25:11

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再贴一道定语的题目 OG12 104 104. El Nino, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east. (A) a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated (B) a phenomenon where changes in the ocean and atmosphere are combining to allow the warm water that is accumulating (C) a phenomenon in which ocean and atmosphere changes combine and which allows the warm water that is accumulated (D) is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated (E) is a phenomenon where ocean and atmosphere changes are combining and allow the warm water accumulating 其他的不用管，我们看E选项中最后的accumulating，同正确选项D中的that has accumulating相比而言，这里的accumulating语法上我个人觉得没有问题，唯一不好的就是体现不出来has完成时这个动作了，不过严格来说，这个还是不算错的<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/7 21:04:16)</div> 
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 你分析得挺对，“唯一不好的就是体现不出来has完成时这个动作了” 那么，这就算错。在GMAT里不合逻辑的就算错。 再说了，所有的verb tense，都是meaning issue，都是要根据动作实际情况、根据语境，来决定时态. 所以对verb tense说什么“语法上不算错”没啥意义。

feathsea8 · 发表于 2012-4-16 15:53:14

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你说得对，v-ed modifier和v-ing是不一样的，是noun modifier. from Ron       http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/building-on-civilizations-that-preceded-them-in-coastal-peru-t8434.html   past participles function as adjectives; they ALWAYS modify nouns.  it's actually impossible for a past participle to modify a whole clause. you're thinking of the rule for "clause + , + -ING", which doesn't extend to past participles. from Mitch    http://www.beatthegmat.com/sentence-correction-parallelism-og-q28-t86697.html Based does in fact modify society. NOUN + PAST PARTICIPLE (with no intervening comma) is used when the past participle modifier is needed to define the noun that it modifies: The Mohica developed a society based on the cultivation of crops. What kind of society?  A society based on the cultivation of crops.  Since the past participle modifier is defining the kind of society being discussed, it is not preceded by a comma. NOUN + COMMA + PAST PARTICIPLE is used when the past participle modifier does NOT define the noun that it modifies but simply provides additional information: The Mohica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of crops... What kind of society?  THEIR OWN ELABORATE society.  We don't need an additional modifier to define what society is being discussed.  Since the past participle modifier does not define the society but only provides additional information about the society, it is preceded by a comma. In less formal writing, a comma might be inserted before a past participle in order to indicate that the past participle refers to an earlier noun in the sentence: John entered the room, exhausted. In the sentence above, the comma is used to indicate that exhausted refers not to the room but to John.  This sort of construction is unlikely to appear in an OA.  On the GMAT, NOUN + COMMA + PAST PARTICIPLE generally will be used when the past participle provides non-defining information about the immediately preceding noun. 关于v-ing的几种考法，这个讨论也值得看： http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html 针对有同学提到的OG56，Stacey在这里也提到了： An "-ed" modifier is a noun modifier, not an adverbial modifier, and should modify the closest primary noun preceding it (in the "comma -ed" setup). 

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baby姐，你好，看完讨论后对ving的用法清晰了很，再次感谢。有一个疑问过去分词修饰的时候与v-ing是不一样的吗？也就是说只能就近修饰前面的名词吗？ 例如：OG 12 28题， Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and the exploiting other wild and domestic resources. 这里的就是只能修饰society而不能修饰Mochica的对吗？<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 Royzhang0929 (2012/2/13 9:49:08)</div> 
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<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/13 10:43:23)  </div> 
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Baby 姐~刚刚发现一个反例，或者应用n, ved, ved 修饰最近名词不那么完美的例子~~~翻之前的帖好像没有人提过。OG 5 Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.这里的surpassed 肯定不是修饰最近的death的，如果要用ved 是noun-modifier这一规则，就是修饰的the nation's third leading cause of death? 包括像which这种也有好多类似的跳过了一些成分，最常见的是跳过短的介宾结构，去修饰介宾结构修饰的词，这里是一样的么？

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-4-17 02:03:10

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你说得对，v-ed modifier和v-ing是不一样的，是noun modifier. from Ron       http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/building-on-civilizations-that-preceded-them-in-coastal-peru-t8434.html   past participles function as adjectives; they ALWAYS modify nouns.  it's actually impossible for a past participle to modify a whole clause. you're thinking of the rule for "clause + , + -ING", which doesn't extend to past participles. from Mitch    http://www.beatthegmat.com/sentence-correction-parallelism-og-q28-t86697.html Based does in fact modify society. NOUN + PAST PARTICIPLE (with no intervening comma) is used when the past participle modifier is needed to define the noun that it modifies: The Mohica developed a society based on the cultivation of crops. What kind of society?  A society based on the cultivation of crops.  Since the past participle modifier is defining the kind of society being discussed, it is not preceded by a comma. NOUN + COMMA + PAST PARTICIPLE is used when the past participle modifier does NOT define the noun that it modifies but simply provides additional information: The Mohica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of crops... What kind of society?  THEIR OWN ELABORATE society.  We don't need an additional modifier to define what society is being discussed.  Since the past participle modifier does not define the society but only provides additional information about the society, it is preceded by a comma. In less formal writing, a comma might be inserted before a past participle in order to indicate that the past participle refers to an earlier noun in the sentence: John entered the room, exhausted. In the sentence above, the comma is used to indicate that exhausted refers not to the room but to John.  This sort of construction is unlikely to appear in an OA.  On the GMAT, NOUN + COMMA + PAST PARTICIPLE generally will be used when the past participle provides non-defining information about the immediately preceding noun. 关于v-ing的几种考法，这个讨论也值得看： http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html 针对有同学提到的OG56，Stacey在这里也提到了： An "-ed" modifier is a noun modifier, not an adverbial modifier, and should modify the closest primary noun preceding it (in the "comma -ed" setup). 

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baby姐，你好，看完讨论后对ving的用法清晰了很，再次感谢。有一个疑问过去分词修饰的时候与v-ing是不一样的吗？也就是说只能就近修饰前面的名词吗？ 例如：OG 12 28题， Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and the exploiting other wild and domestic resources. 这里的就是只能修饰society而不能修饰Mochica的对吗？<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 Royzhang0929 (2012/2/13 9:49:08)</div> 
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<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/13 10:43:23)  </div> 
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Baby 姐~刚刚发现一个反例，或者应用n, ved, ved 修饰最近名词不那么完美的例子~~~翻之前的帖好像没有人提过。OG 5 Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.这里的surpassed 肯定不是修饰最近的death的，如果要用ved 是noun-modifier这一规则，就是修饰的the nation's third leading cause of death? 包括像which这种也有好多类似的跳过了一些成分，最常见的是跳过短的介宾结构，去修饰介宾结构修饰的词，这里是一样的么？<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 feathsea8 (2012/4/16 15:53:14)</div> 
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 这题不是例外。 这题"surpassed only by ..."修饰"the nation's third leading cause of death"，而"ranks as"相当于等号，因此 Diabetes = the nation's third leading cause of death，surpassed only by ... 也就是说，你也可以理解为"surpassed only by ..."修饰diabetes. 你提到的这个，问题的关键就是： A of B, (noun modifier) 这后面的noun modifier可以修饰B，也可以修饰"A of B"，根据句意逻辑来决定 这点Ron讲过很多次，我以前也讨论过，你可以搜下。

zhongshanlh · 发表于 2012-4-25 08:56:59

baby姐姐我又来筑楼了。。。 OG12-6. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls. (A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing (B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize (C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize (D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize (E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing OA：E 疑问：关于B选项中【，thereby raising】的小疑问——thereby的存在是否对于我们分析raising的作用成分存在影响？ 个人想法：个人认为不存在影响。。。我们仍旧可以按照之前的结论对这个ing进行分析，很明显的看出来raising的逻辑主语不对，raising的逻辑主语成了tourists，所以实际上这里这个ing-的用法是错误的 

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再贴一道定语的题目 OG12 104 104. El Nino, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east. (A) a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated (B) a phenomenon where changes in the ocean and atmosphere are combining to allow the warm water that is accumulating (C) a phenomenon in which ocean and atmosphere changes combine and which allows the warm water that is accumulated (D) is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated (E) is a phenomenon where ocean and atmosphere changes are combining and allow the warm water accumulating 其他的不用管，我们看E选项中最后的accumulating，同正确选项D中的that has accumulating相比而言，这里的accumulating语法上我个人觉得没有问题，唯一不好的就是体现不出来has完成时这个动作了，不过严格来说，这个还是不算错的<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/7 21:04:16)</div> 
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 你分析得挺对，“唯一不好的就是体现不出来has完成时这个动作了” 那么，这就算错。在GMAT里不合逻辑的就算错。 再说了，所有的verb tense，都是meaning issue，都是要根据动作实际情况、根据语境，来决定时态. 所以对verb tense说什么“语法上不算错”没啥意义。<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/4/16 2:25:11)</div> 
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babybearmm · 发表于 2012-4-25 09:58:48

Correct! Good job!

zhongshanlh · 发表于 2012-4-25 10:03:28

it feels great to receive your confirmation.<img src="/static/legacy-emoticon/13.gif" emoticon="[em:13]" alt="" /><img src="/static/legacy-emoticon/13.gif" emoticon="[em:13]" alt="" /><img src="/static/legacy-emoticon/13.gif" emoticon="[em:13]" alt="" /><img src="/static/legacy-emoticon/FACE/12.gif" emoticon="[em:FACE/12]" alt="" /> 

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Correct! Good job!<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/4/25 9:58:48)</div> 
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yakev6 · 发表于 2012-4-29 01:59:43

33.The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child. (A)occurring when a child (B)occurring when children (C)that occurred when a child (D)that occurred when they were children (E)that has occurred as each was a child 我来盖一层楼哈 不知道贴没贴这题？ occuring的逻辑主语肯定不是主语娃娃，AB不能选。 E主谓不一致， C状语从句中主谓都省了只能认为是和主句同主语，那么主谓就不一致了。 不知道理解的对不对。

zhongshanlh · 发表于 2012-4-29 15:40:02

IMO, some disagreements... 1.这里的occurring做noun modifier，修饰divorce。 2.你说的E主谓不一致是指什么不一致，不好意思我木有看出来 3.C中状从省略的主语实质上市divorce，逻辑错误 这个题目答案是？ 

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33.The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child. (A)occurring when a child (B)occurring when children (C)that occurred when a child (D)that occurred when they were children (E)that has occurred as each was a child 我来盖一层楼哈 不知道贴没贴这题？ occuring的逻辑主语肯定不是主语娃娃，AB不能选。 E主谓不一致， C状语从句中主谓都省了只能认为是和主句同主语，那么主谓就不一致了。 不知道理解的对不对。 <div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yakev6 (2012/4/29 1:59:43)</div> 
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