【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-14】

mahaofei001

新手发帖啊……都是那只foxxy把我拖下水了哈哈……大家一起fighting了！！

精炼

Columnist: A democratic society cannot exist unless
its citizens have established strong bonds of
mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and
strengthened only by participation in civic
organizations, political parties, and other
groups outside the family. It is obvious then
that widespread reliance on movies and
electronic media for entertainment has an
inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Which one of the following is an assumption on
which the columnist’s argument depends?
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not

逻辑链

61The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take.  Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise.  Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise.
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.

62.    (33903-!-item-!-188;#058&007604)

Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack.  The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers.
The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true?

(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.
63.    (33951-!-item-!-188;#058&007609)

Guitar strings often go "dead"--become less responsive and bright in tone--after a few weeks of intense use.  A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.

Which of the following investigations is most likely to yield significant information that would help to evaluate the researcher's hypothesis?

(A) Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead

64.    (33999-!-item-!-188;#058&007610)

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make.  As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following can be most properly inferred from the passage about the products whose importation was banned?

(A) Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z's fledgling industries.
(B) Those products were the ones that country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.
(C) Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which country Z's exports went.
(D) Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.
(E) Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to country Z's economy.

mahaofei001

逻辑链答案BBEA

mahaofei001

The stimulus contains conditional reasoning, and can be diagrammed as follows:
DS = democratic society exists
SB = citizens establish strong bonds of mutual trust
PCO = participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family
Premises: DS SB PCO
Conclusion: Widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an
inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
The conclusion brings in a new element—reliance on movies and electronic media—and you should
expect to see that element in the correct answer choice. First, let us take a moment to closely examine the
conclusion. The wording in the conclusion is interesting: “has an inherently corrosive effect on
democracy.” We know from the premises that a democratic society relies on both citizens and participation
in groups outside the family. How then can the author suggest that democracy is being corroded? Since
corrosion implies an undermining force, democracy can be undermined by attacking the conditions it relies
upon. If, for example, the participation in organizations outside the family was curtailed, this would
eventually enact a contrapositive that would undermine the existence of democratic society. The
assumption that is needed therefore, is to show that movies and other electronic media somehow lead to a
lessening of participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family. This
is the connection made in answer choice (D), the correct answer.

Answer choice (A): This was the most commonly selected wrong answer, and this answer is incorrect
because it exaggerates the situation. The author does not assume that anyone would be unable to form a
strong bond of trust. The argument was clear about a corrosive effect on democracy. This answer, if it
were an assumption, would lead to the end of democracy. That result is too strong for the author’s
conclusion.
Answer choice (B): The author makes no assumption regarding organizations advancing their agenda.
Answer choice (C): The argument is not about newspapers and print media.
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer. This Supporter assumption connects the new element in the
conclusion back to the conditional relationship in the premises.
Answer choice (E): The author does not assume that closeness to the family is a bad thing, but that one

qiuhua01234567

shafa
Assumption

Conclusion：It is obvious thenthat widespread reliance on movies andelectronic media for entertainment has aninherently corrosive effect on democracy.

Premise:Such bonds are formed andstrengthened only by participation in civic
organizations, political parties, and othergroups outside the family

(A)Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.(W)
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.(W)
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.(no tie)
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not(W)

Background: The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take

Conclusion: Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.

Premise: if companies started fitness programs,

(A)Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise.
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.

Conclusion: The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers

Premise: Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack

(A)The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.

Evalution: A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.

(A)Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead

Conclusion: the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets

bananazoo

加油~

fox0923

吗啡上任，捧场来了！-----------------------------------------------------
第一个做，沙发~~~


精练----------------35s--------------------assumption
Background: Democracy can exist when the citizens have bonds of mutual trust.
Premise: The bonds can only be established within the political parties and other groups.
Conclusion: The electronic media are corrosive to the democracy.
PRephrase：The electronic media and movie are not included in the sphere that the bonds can be established.


Analysis:
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.---------------------------anyone who relies on movies is unable to form a strong bond with a citizen没提到。
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.---------------------------------这个conclusion不是说civic organization为重点的。
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.-----------------------------------------------------------------正好和conclusion相反。weaken conclusion！
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.---------------------------------------------------------------------participation提到过， such bonds are formed and
strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family. correct！
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not----------------------------是不是closer to family 没提到！

daisyの小夢想

mafei 你忘了感谢pupu 我们家pupu在你的位置上辛勤劳动了3个月！！~~~

mahaofei001

必须感谢每一个在CD上认识的人啊~~呵呵~~~

chensong211

加油！

corneliaflower

又开始了！！！好呀  支持吗啡~
花儿也要调整一下状态  争取这几天跟进了~