【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-14】

evamimi

P:Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family

P:It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.

C: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust

Prephase: bonds formed only by participation in xxx outside family---Reliance on media has effect on democracy---??---A democratic societhy can not exist unless strong bonds of trust

Type: Assumption

Answer: D

jetyxo

1 25" premise: democratic society== mutual trust------> people participate in groups outside family
        conclusion: movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
        assumption? movies and electronic media ==actions which does not encourage people participate in groups outside family
        answer: D
----------------------------------------------------
2 27" premise: the more frequently people take time to exercise, the fewer sick day in work time
        conclusion:if company start fitness program, the absence rate will decline
        weaken? fewer sick day =/  declined absence rate , people who alway absent is for other reason
        answer:B
--------------------------------------------
3 33" background: it will be reasonable to reject a job applicant who has possibility of 90% heart attact at work time
         conclusion: this law is effect
         weaken?  people can not justify which applicant has this  possibility
       answer: B
---------------------------------------------
4 23" background: gutar will dead after sevral weeks of intensive use
        P:  the gutar death is resulted from mud and oil ,rather than material used
        evaluate? E
-----------------------------------------
5 34"background: to protect some industries, goverment put limit on the import of the product
        result: increase the cost of some export-reliant industries---> uncompetitive at the export market
        refer? A

xiongyz

1.    34s
P:Columnist: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family.
C: It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Assumption: media会减少participation
(A)Anyone who relies on movies and electronic media for entertainment is unable to form a strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen. ---看了解答。。。不会corrosive, 而是end, 语气太重
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance their goals by using electronic media. ---irrelevant
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic institutions. ---irrelevant info, print media
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for entertainment generally makes people less likely to participate in groups outside their families. ---correct
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic media for entertainment are generally closer to their families than are those who do not. ---irrelevant

2.    29s
P: The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take.  Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise.  
C: Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.
Weaken: fitness programs will make people rest more…
(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise. ---fall asleep and absentee rate are not necessarily related
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program. ---correct, 经常absent的不会参加program, 所以不能改善rate
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work. ---irrelevant
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise. ---irrelevant, productivity
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise. ---irrelevant, longer lunch breaks

3.    39s
P: Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack.  saying that it protected both employees and employers.
C: The presiding judge justified the ruling
Weaken：判断heart attack几率的方法对双方不利
(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees. ---irrelevant
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation. ---correct, 合理的测量方法不存在，所以不应该justify
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack. ---irrelevant
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great. ---support, 因为不能察觉，所以law应该被justify来保护双方
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack. ---无关

4.    26s
P: Guitar strings often go "dead"--become less responsive and bright in tone--after a few weeks of intense use.  
C: A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.
Evaluate:  dirt and oil会不会使新吉他go dead
(A) Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists---材质无关
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists---与不同品种吉他无关
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars ---与rate和安装在不同品牌吉他上无关
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound---与音质是否差异无关
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead. ---correct，脏东西会不会让新吉他go dead

5.    34s
P: To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make.  As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.
infer about the products whose importation was banned: 价格升高了
(A) Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z's fledgling industries. ---correct
(B) Those products were the ones that country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.
(C) Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which country Z's exports went.
(D) Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.
(E) Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to country Z's economy.

zxppx

5.

Columnist: A democratic society cannot exist unless
its citizens have established strong bonds of
mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and
strengthened only by participation in civic
organizations, political parties, and other
groups outside the family. It is obvious then
that widespread reliance on movies and
electronic media for entertainment has an
inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Which one of the following is an assumption on
which the columnist’s argument depends?
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.

It strengthens the conclusion by showing that the function of movies and electronic media for entertainment with people.

Actually, this answer is too strong, and will lead to the end of democracy, rather than corrupt.
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.

It seems to be contender, but it is not as strong as A.

It is the best answer, by showing that the passive influence of relying on movies and electronic media for entertainment.
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not

61The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take. Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise. Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.

Since the conclusion is about reducing the absentee rate, even though employees would fall asleep for short periods of time, the plan may still be effective.
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.

In this case, it points out the problem of the fitness programs, thus weakening the argument.
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.

Exercise after work is outside the scope of the argument, thus having no effect on the argument.
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise.

The comparison about productivity is irrelevant.
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.

Lunch breaks cannot weaken the argument.

62. (33903-!-item-!-188;#058&007604)

Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack. The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers.
The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true?

我把文章理解错了，以为是雇主可以因为雇员有心脏病而拒绝雇佣！但是，这里说的是雇主可以拒绝一个雇员，理由是这个人做这份工作的话有90%的几率会出现心脏病！目的是要削弱这个规定的作用
(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.

The best interests are too strong, while the argument talks about “it protected both employees and employers”.
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.

It is very complicated to understand this answer choice, but it, in fact, has nothing to do with the argument. Because the legally accepted methods, its aim at calculating the risk of a job applicant’s having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation, is irrelevant.

文中说到90%的几率，但是如果没有合法的方式来确定这个几率的话，那么这条法规就是无效的！
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.

Those jobs are outside the scope of the argument.
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.

It cannot weaken the argument.
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.

In this case, the answer choice accurately points out a disadvantage to the interests of employers, since they cannot choose the most suitable from the limited number of employees. BA

文中说的是雇主因为申请者在工作中有90%发生心脏病的几率而拒绝雇员，和申请工作的人数下降无关


63. (33951-!-item-!-188;#058&007609)

Guitar strings often go "dead"--become less responsive and bright in tone--after a few weeks of intense use. A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.

Which of the following investigations is most likely to yield significant information that would help to evaluate the researcher's hypothesis?

(A) Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists

A metal alloy cannot weaken the son’s hypothesis.
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists

The comparison between classical guitarists and folk guitarists is irrelevant.
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars

The comparison among various brands of guitars has no effect on the argument.
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound

This comparison is outside the scope of the argument.
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead

Yes, since the argument reveals that dirt and oil may contribute to the “dead” strings, this answer choice accurately reveals this point. BA

64. (33999-!-item-!-188;#058&007610)

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following can be most properly inferred from the passage about the products whose importation was banned?

(A) Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z's fledgling industries.

Yes, since the argument reveals that the cost of those products to the buyers went up, we can infer that those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z’s fledgling industries. BA
(B) Those products were the ones that country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.

“Once the fledgling industries matured” are not talked about in the argument.
(C) Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which country Z's exports went.

Whether Z imported those products from the same country that Z’s exports went is irrelevant.
(D) Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.

The change in the prices of those products cannot be concluded from the argument.
(E) Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to country Z's economy.

This answer choice cannot be inferred from the passage.

angelann728

滚过来补作业

Bible：
逻辑链：
Premise: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family.
Conclusion: It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
选择：D
A E 均是干扰项 但感觉都不如D直接
B 无关civic organization的宣传方式
C weaken

Prep
21’
Premise：exercise can reduce sick
Conclusion：fitness program in a company can decrease the absentee rate significantly.

Weaken：B
A 无关是否在运动后睡觉
C 没有Weaken
D 跟生产效率无关
E 没有交代吃午饭时间长有什么不好 无关

27’
法院规定公司可以拒绝90%以上可能在工作过程中犯心脏病的职位申请者 这对雇主和雇员都是有利的

解释这条法律not be effective in regulating 的原因：D

18’
conclusion: 造成吉他音准问题的是灰尘和油，而不是金属性能的改变

Evaluate：E
A 跟具体材料无关
B 跟弹奏人无关
C 跟长度无关
D 肯定是不一样的 没有把dirt & oil 也放进去讨论

17’
ban imports – as a result- the cost of those products went up
Infer: A cost就是成本问题 反映到售价上进口更低

lyrsilvia

1. 22'
P: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family.
C: widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
ASSUMPTION: media for entertainment cannot establish strong bonds of mutual trust (方向太过了，整个逻辑链是【participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family】-->【established strong bonds of mutual trust】-->【 democratic society 】所以assumption应该是第一个【】的assumption，而不是第二个【】，exaggerates the situation.)
答案：A
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic media for entertainment is unable to form a strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.---------seems correct
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance their goals by using electronic media.----------advance goals are not discussed in the question.
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic institutions.-----------other media is not the topical subject
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for entertainment generally makes people less likely to participate in groups outside their families.---------------participate other groups are not the issue. less likely does not mean never. CORRECT
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic media for entertainment are generally closer to their families than are those who do not-------------the comparison between these two kind of people is irrelevant

B  B E A

艾筱豆

Strong bonds of mutual trust   then  democracy country
Such bonds can only be realized by attending the civic organizations
The movies are related to the democracy
Just prove the movies and so on belong to the civic organization
C
B
B
E
A

sakurasong

ABBEA
1.
P: Democratic society cannot exist unless its citizen have established strong bonds of mutual trust
P: such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in CO PP and other groups outside the family.
C: widespread reliance on movies and EM has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy

A: Relying on movies and EM makes people less likely to participate in groups outside their family.

w.melhere

今天的精炼错啦。后来发现是不认识corrosive这个词...天真的当成关联的意思了...
还有看了讲解 The conclusion brings in a new element—reliance on movies and electronic media—and you should
expect to see that element in the correct answer choice. 这句话很受教呢。

第三题也错了...因为...完全没有仔细看题目中这句话...The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices... 问的是实施时的有效性。那当然应该选B无法在实际中测量啦！  这个坏毛病一定要改！！

苏错

12.04

【精练】

Premise: citizens established strong bonds of mutual trustà a democratic society

Premise: Participation in civic organizations, political parties andother groupsà form such bonds

Conclusion: widespread reliance corrosive effect democracy

Assumption?—A correct (The author does not assume that anyone would beunable to form a strong bond of trust. That resultis too strong for the author’s conclusion.  )

(D The assumption that is needed therefore, is to show that movies andother electronic media somehow lead to a lessening of participation in civic organizations,political parties, and other groups outside the family. )

【逻辑链】

1.    take time to exercise à less sick day

fitness programsàabsentee rate decrease

  weaken—B

2.    reject a application if …

weaken—B

3.    dirt and oilà strings go dead

evaluate—E

4.    ban importsà protect certain industriesàcost went up, limit the ability for competition

inference—A