【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-13】

kevinlovett

fdghbghsrgsrg

灵药要奋斗

这不都是OG上做过的题目么。。。

Elisha728

5'44''
ADDCC

Mint静默

1) 计时：26s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in high school often drop out before graduating and go to work.
Premise:
Last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate.
Conclusion:
The program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.
3) 推测：(weaken)
dropout rate 下降有它因，比如说学生总数上升
4) 选项分析：
(A) There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city. Correct
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school. Irrelevant
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out. Irrelevant
(D) High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining employment. 反，这样的话学生就会更加倾向于提前找工作
(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high schools with the highest dropout rates. Irrelevant

1) 计时：20s
2) 逻辑链
Premise:
Neighboring Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y.
Conclusion:
An overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in Country X since its new government came to power.
3) 推测：（weaken）
这个argument只能一定程度上否定climate不是原因，而不能支持overly centralized economy是原因。有他因
选D

1) 计时：44s
2) 逻辑链
Premise:
Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation.
Conclusion:
When any scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
3) 推测：（assumption）
Popularizer does not share similar motivation (doing new researches) with general scientists

选D

1) 计时：18s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
A company's two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years.
Premise:
In each of those years, the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollar sales and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance.
3) 推测：(Infer)
注意理解balance是什么意思，balance的意思是两个部门的profit percentage和sales percentage分别相加等于一

选C

1) 计时：80s （看了好久0 0）
2) 逻辑链
Premise:
Only bicycle racers are seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it.
Conclusion:
Innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.
3) 推测：(Assumption)
Bicycle racers buy the innovated bicycles only for bicycle races.

选C

lyrsilvia

A DDCC
1.18'
BG: not succeed in high school-->drop out before graduate and go to work
P: last year high school dropout rate lower
C: the program instituted 2 years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts
Weaken: the lower dropout rate has nothing to do with the instituted program
答案：A
(A) There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.------------CORRECT. means that it is not the program but the high unemployment rate that keeps students in school.
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.-----------whether the morale is lower before high school does not affect the success of the program
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out.-----------the similarity shows the instituted program is successful
(D) High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining employment.-------------whether assist graduates in obtaining employment does not reflect the program's success or failure
(E) The anti-dropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high school with the highest dropout rates.-------------where the program is aimed or instruct does not reflect the effectiveness of the program.

2. 20'
P: climate change, but the agricultural production in Y rise while production in X reduce
C: the bad situation is due to the overly centralized economy
Weaken: the crops in X and in Y are different, climate change has different influence for them
答案：D
(A) Industrial production also is declining in Country X.---------another adverse evidence to support the bad government.
(B) Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.--------this is irrelevant. no useful information is provided to judge
(C) Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.----------the repetition of the PREMISE, meaningless.
(D) The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.-----------CORRECT. maybe crops in Y are more strong to the bad climate change while crops in X are more fragile.
(E) Country X's new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.-----------confer the overly centralized economy situation

3. 20'
BG: enter the science field with the goal of doing important new research & accept colleagues with similar motivation
P: scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences
C: most other scientist conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague
Assumption: popularizer means other motivation
答案：D
(A) serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a group of colleagues-------------irrelevant information about serious scientific research
(B) research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy----------"the renown is envy by scientists" this statement has no other information to be supported
(C) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research-------------how a scientist becomes famous does not reflect the reason why he is not regarded as colleagues
(D) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research-------------CORRECT. the premise said "accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation".thus the reason why popularizers are not colleagues must related to this.
(E) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists ------------what can be accessible is not discussed in this question. compare with D, you will know the reasoning.

4. 16'
P: pharmaceuticals: 20% sales & 40% profits
    chemicals: 80% sales & 60% profits
CONCLUSION: pharmaceuticals more profitable
答案：C
(A) Total dollar sales for each of the company's divisions have remained roughly constant.-------performed consistency≠total dollar sales remained constant. 比例不变≠总量不变
(B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than has the chemicals division.--------------stiffer competition should lead to less profits, not more profitable situation
(C) The chemicals division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the pharmaceuticals division.---------------CORRECT. simple percentage comparison
(D) The product mix offered by each of the company's divisions has remained unchanged.------------there is no information about the product mix. IRRELEVANT
(E) Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales than of those of the pharmaceuticals division.-------------if highly profitable products accounted for higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales, the sales in chemical division should over 80% but not just 60%

5. 24'
P: The only cyclists seriously interested in innovati

lyrsilvia

A DDCC
1.18'
BG: not succeed in high school-->drop out before graduate and go to work
P: last year high school dropout rate lower
C: the program instituted 2 years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts
Weaken: the lower dropout rate has nothing to do with the instituted program
答案：A
(A) There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.------------CORRECT. means that it is not the program but the high unemployment rate that keeps students in school.
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.-----------whether the morale is lower before high school does not affect the success of the program
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out.-----------the similarity shows the instituted program is successful
(D) High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining employment.-------------whether assist graduates in obtaining employment does not reflect the program's success or failure
(E) The anti-dropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high school with the highest dropout rates.-------------where the program is aimed or instruct does not reflect the effectiveness of the program.

2. 20'
P: climate change, but the agricultural production in Y rise while production in X reduce
C: the bad situation is due to the overly centralized economy
Weaken: the crops in X and in Y are different, climate change has different influence for them
答案：D
(A) Industrial production also is declining in Country X.---------another adverse evidence to support the bad government.
(B) Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.--------this is irrelevant. no useful information is provided to judge
(C) Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.----------the repetition of the PREMISE, meaningless.
(D) The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.-----------CORRECT. maybe crops in Y are more strong to the bad climate change while crops in X are more fragile.
(E) Country X's new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.-----------confer the overly centralized economy situation

3. 20'
BG: enter the science field with the goal of doing important new research & accept colleagues with similar motivation
P: scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences
C: most other scientist conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague
Assumption: popularizer means other motivation
答案：D
(A) serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a group of colleagues-------------irrelevant information about serious scientific research
(B) research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy----------"the renown is envy by scientists" this statement has no other information to be supported
(C) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research-------------how a scientist becomes famous does not reflect the reason why he is not regarded as colleagues
(D) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research-------------CORRECT. the premise said "accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation".thus the reason why popularizers are not colleagues must related to this.
(E) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists ------------what can be accessible is not discussed in this question. compare with D, you will know the reasoning.

4. 16'
P: pharmaceuticals: 20% sales & 40% profits
    chemicals: 80% sales & 60% profits
CONCLUSION: pharmaceuticals more profitable
答案：C
(A) Total dollar sales for each of the company's divisions have remained roughly constant.-------performed consistency≠total dollar sales remained constant. 比例不变≠总量不变
(B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than has the chemicals division.--------------stiffer competition should lead to less profits, not more profitable situation
(C) The chemicals division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the pharmaceuticals division.---------------CORRECT. simple percentage comparison
(D) The product mix offered by each of the company's divisions has remained unchanged.------------there is no information about the product mix. IRRELEVANT
(E) Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales than of those of the pharmaceuticals division.-------------if highly profitable products accounted for higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales, the sales in chemical division should over 80% but not just 60%

5. 24'
P: The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
C: innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.
Assumption: bicycle racers interests=authorities accept
答案：C
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.-------------------if market for cheap, traditional bicycle can expand, there still no guarantee about the innovation
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.-------------------states the advantages of innovation, but no information about the innovation guarantee
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.--------------------CORRECT. means racers=standard, thus no innovation. if not, there still a demand for innovation
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.----------------states the reason about the conservation, but it is out of scope. 取非. if not, then noting can be concluded
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.--------------取非, if the authorities do keep informed about innovative bicycle design, then just informed cannot guarantee the demand for the innovation. if racers just want to fit in the standard, they will not care the innovative design.

唐韵

because the students who drop out can't find a good job like the older student.
students feel not success-> drop out> drop out rate reduce> encourage>他因


两个相近的国家，同样的气候条件，一个国家由于过度的中央集权（削弱部分），导致农作物产量下降，而另一个国家的产量反而上升。
并不是因为中央集权
他因》》》》》土地的原因，农作物的原因。。不同于国家政治体制的原因

科学家有目标和接受同样想法的同志》》科学发言人并不被人们视为同僚》》解释为什么被同事瞧不起？
因为他们独占？综合其他人思想？不是自己最初想出来的？什么都不做就得到荣誉？
correct：前面提到了目标和想法

conservation> innovation only interested by racer>>>the innovation is limited by what authorities standard competition. ____assumption draw
innovation is not only interested by racer?some people who buy innovation not limited by standard?

two remarkable consistency, the P have the profile,but C don't>>>>why? C'market is very conpetitate? C per unit have less profit? more cost?lower price? than P?

览物之情

10月14日 1-13
1 21s
Background: High school students who feel that they are not
succeeding in high school often drop out before
graduating and go to work. Last year,
Premise: the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate.
Conclusion: the program instituted to improve the morale of high school
students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.

Which one of the following, if true about the last year, most seriously weakens the argument?
现象解释：P maybe other factor such as low employment rate account for this.
A)        There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.----correct
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they
reached high school.------比较对象不对
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped
out.
(D) High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining employment.
(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimedat improving students’ morale in those high school with the highest dropout rates.

2 20s
Conclusion: An overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in Country X
Premise: since its new government came to power.  Neighboring Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
P 类比推理weaken二者的本质不同
A)        Industrial production also is declining in Country X.----support
(B) Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.
(C) Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.---repeat background
(D) The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.--------correct
(E) Country X's new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.------irrelevant

3 38s
Premise: Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation.  
Conclusion: when any scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
The explanation offered above for the low esteem in which scientific popularizers are held by research scientists assumes that
P 问assumption support conclusion的。没懂啥思路，看下选项
A)        serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a group of colleagues
(B) research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy
(C) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research---irrelevant
(D) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research-----correct
(E) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists

4 20s
A company's two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years:  in each of those years, the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollar sales and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance.
Which of the following can properly be inferred regarding the past three years from the statement above?
演绎推理 P is more profitable than C
(A)        Total dollar sales for each of the company's divisions have remained roughly constant.――ＮＭ
(B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than has the chemicals division.―――ＮＭ
(C) The chemicals division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the pharmaceuticals division.――ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ
(D) The product mix offered by each of the company's divisions has remained unchanged.
(E) Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales than of those of the pharmaceuticals division.___NM

5 23s
Premise1:The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet.  Premise2The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
Conclusion: Therefore, innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.
Which of the following is an assumption made in drawing the conclusion above?
证明是冲要条件。No other factor can lead to innovation?
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.----correct
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.

w.melhere

感觉今天题做的不太好啊。
1. 37'
2.23' 农作物的产量和经济体制并没有很大关系。这个以前做过，今天才比较明白了。
3.43'
4.31'
5.46' 完全被E选项的各种修饰词迷惑了。果然认真我就输了啊，自己又对着E选项不停发散。并且在最后把假设题的思维和削弱搞混了。觉得31#jetyxo对这道题的逻辑很清晰呢。这道题很受用！

yuehuasunday

he technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet.