【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-13】

leewonting

69
High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in high school often drop out before graduating and go to work. Last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate. This is encouraging evidence that the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.
Which one of the following, if true about the last year, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.(在进入高中之前，学生的士气就已经很低了，那么辍学率的减低，有可能就是项目领导学生士气提高了，support)
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out.
(D) High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining
employment.
(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high school with the highest dropout rates.
背景：High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in high school often drop out before graduating and go to work.
条件：Last year, the high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate.
结论：The program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.
推测：how about the students who are likely to drop out did not enter the high school? Or how about other reasons such as the need of market?
选B,(A is confusing, whether the unemployment in the city will encourage the students to finish their schooling?)
应该选A！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

leewonting

背景：The climate in X is the same as that of Y.
条件：The agriculture falls in X while rising in Y
结论：An overly centralized economy, not the changes in climates, is responsible for the poor agriculture production in Country X.
推测：is there any differences in the soils, water? Or the crops?
选D (C is confusing, I had chosen this one, though the geography roles are different, it cannot deny if the economy takes effect)


70
背景：Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation.
条件：When any scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude that this popularize should no longer be regarded as a true colleague
结论：explain this situation
推测：一旦是对普罗大众做科学简介的，一律认为不是真正的科学同事
选D（之前选错过）


71
背景：A company’s two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past 3 years.
条件：The pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20% of dollar sales and 40% of profits while the chemicals division has accounted for 80% of dollar sales and 60% of profits
结论：Pharmaceuticals is better than chemicals
推测：like above.
选C


72
背景：The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet.
条件：Only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
结论：Innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races
推测：C

Roxas605

这些都做过。   = = 期待新题～

Rena张

1.
Time: 1'03''
Premise: high school students dropout rate was high. They go to work. However, last year the rate lowered significantly.
Conclusion: the program instituted 2years ago has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.
Type: weaken
Prephrase: high unemployment  
Choice: A
2. 41''   D
3. 1'25''  D
4. 30''  C
5. 42''  C
--------------
怎么做的这么慢呢~

FB小贝

2. High school students who feel that they are not
succeeding in high school often drop out before
graduating and go to work. Last year, however, the
city’s high school dropout rate was significantly
lower than the previous year’s rate. This is
encouraging evidence that the program instituted
two years ago to improve the morale of high school
students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.
Which one of the following, if true about the last
year, most seriously weakens the argument?
----------Cause and Effect Problems NO.2
Premise: not succeed – drop out
Dropout rate was lower than the previous year’s rate.
Conclusion: the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students begun to take effect
Weaken: another reason/

(A) There was a recession that caused a high level
of unemployment in the city.
correct
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of
high school had been low even before they
reached high school.
Strengthen
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school
students remained in school than dropped
out.
Rate and number.  incorrect
(D) High schools in the city established placement
offices to assist their graduates in obtaining
employment.
irrelevant
(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimed
at improving students’ morale in those high
school with the highest dropout rates.
irrelevant


最近几天精练题做得很好~

dwindwin1106

(1)P:HS students who feel that they are not succeeding in HG often drop out and go to work.
Past year, the HG dropout rate was significantly lower.
C:the program instituted 2 years ago has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts
weaken: other reasons account for the decreasing dropouts
Answer: A
A.Correct ------ 由于unemployment，dropouts难以找到工作，只能继续学习，从而降低了dropout rate
B.Irrelevant ------ 之前的moral如何与现在无关
C.Irrelevant ------ 过去的dropout情况与现在无关
D.Irrelevant ------ graduates与文章讨论对象不符
E.Strengthen ------ 既然program针对dropout rates最高的HG，那现在dropout rate降低了，说明program是有一定作用的


(2)P:the same climatic conditions, agricultural production in X falls, but agricultural production in Y rises
C:an overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in X since its new government came to power.
Weaken:种植的作物不同？
Answer: D
A.Irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Correct
E.Irrelevant


(3)p:generally sci enter their fields with the goal of doing important new research & accept those with similar motivation as their colleagues
C:when sci is an expounder of science to general audience, most other sci conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
Assumption: popularizer does not have the goal of doing important new research
Answer: D
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.correct
E.irrelevant


(4)F division account for 20% sales&40% profits
F:C division account for 80% sales&60% profits
must be true
Answer: C
A.Irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.Correct
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant


(5)P:the technological conservatism of bicycle manu. Reflects the demand they need to meet.
P:the only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
C:innovation in bicycle tech is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for competition in bicycle races.
Assumption: racers need to buy bicycles that the authorities accept as standard?
Answer: C
A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Correct ------ racers除了官方认定的innovations之外，不会过多的产生其他要求，这样官方就起了主要作用，使得结论成立
D.Irrelevant
E.irrelevant

spencerX

【精练】
background: 学生如果觉得自己在学校不成功，就会辍学并去工作。
premise：辍学的学生人数减少；实行了一个提升学生morale的program
conclusion：是因为program使得辍学的人数减少
pre：找不到工作，只能在学校读书（他因）
Analysis：
A.    Correct。因为辍学→工作，如果（非工作），那么（非辍学），则辍学率自然就下降了。
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Out of scope
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Irrelevant

【逻辑链】
1．    remise：X和Y有相同的天气，但是Y的收成比X好
Conclusion：造成X收成差的原因的过度集中的经济（政府）
Pre：X和Y不能进行类比（有本质的不同）
My answer：D
2．    remise：Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation.
Conclusion：when any scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague
Pre：一个scientist如果popularize了，那么就不是with the goal of doing important new research (fill the gap)
My answer: D
3．    Fact: P-20%sale;40%profit
C-80%sale;60%profit
Pre: 40%/20%=2
   60%/80%=3/4
My answer: C
4．    Background: The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet
Premise: The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
conclusion：Innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.
Pre：cyclists will only interested in innovations that are permitted by authorities
My answer: C

baseboss

1.Students who can not study well will dropout and go to work.
presume:
Artribute the dropout rate to project that improve  morale of the students is not sufficient.
Dropout rate low maybe due to students can not find the job.

(A) There was a recession that caused a high level
of unemployment in the city.
-->Right
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of
high school had been low even before they
reached high school.
-->irrelevant
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school
students remained in school than dropped
out.
-->support
(D) High schools in the city established placement
offices to assist their graduates in obtaining
employment.
-->irrelevant
(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimed
at improving students’ morale in those high
school with the highest dropout rates.
-->irrelevant.


2 CompareX and Y,same climic condition,but Y than X,so a overly centralized economic is the responsible factor.
presume:
Not efficient.
Y also a overly centralized economic
D

3 Only the scientist do the new research can be respect as scientist.in contract the popularizers scientist is not.
presume:
popularizers scientist do not do the important new research.

D

4 p 20% sales + 40 % profit  vs  c  balance
==> P + C = consistency  o or 5
p has more profit than C
C

5 bike manufacture innovation is depend on the buyer's demand.
Guy who are care about the innovation of bike is bike racer.
-->bike racer's demand on the bike innovation is limitted by  authorities' standard.
C

Threesu

B: if students feel frustrated, they would drop out school
P: the dropping out rate is significantly decreased
C: the moral education is working

(A) weaken
(B) support
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school
students remained in school than dropped
out.
(D) weaken
(E) support
Shell game 题目中是high school dropouts，这里是high school graduates

B: In the same climate situation, production is raising in Y but decreasing in X
P: the are in the same climate
C: the factor is overly centralized agriculture

(A) Industrial production also is declining in Country X.
(B) Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.
(C) Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.
(D) weaken
(E) irrelevant

B: scientists enter the field to do the research and accepted as college with the people who have the same motivation
P: if one is well known as an expander he will no longer be accepted as college

(A) serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a group of colleagues
(B) research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy
(C) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research
(D) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research
(E) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists
其他都不相关

B: the two divisions work consistently in the past three years
P: the P has accounted for 20 percent of sales and 40 percent of profit
C: the chemicals for the balance

(A) Total dollar sales for each of the company's divisions have remained roughly constant.
(B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than has the chemicals division.
(C) The chemicals division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the pharmaceuticals division.
(D) The product mix offered by each of the company's divisions has remained unchanged.
(E) Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales than of those of the pharmaceuticals division.

B: the only ones who demand the innovation of bicycle is bicycle racers.
C: the innovation in bicycle technology is limited by the accepting standard in the competition
(A)IRRELEVANT
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.

二楼往下掉

1.
（1）27s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background：
High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in high school often drop out before graduating and go to work.
Primes：
Last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate.
Conclusion：
The program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.
（3）先后发生，不为因果
（4）A：提出了新的因，即失业率高使得退学率降低，contender
B：没有提出新的解释，loser
C：没有对退学率降低做出新的解释，loser
D：学校设立了帮助学生就业的办公室，帮助各种学生找工作，对于在学校中不成功的学生没有特殊的帮助，应该不会对学生是否退学有影响，loser——这里很犹豫啊，当时！！！！
E：说明项目很有针对性，support，loser
所以，选A

2.
（1）24s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Primes:
Neighboring Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y.
conclusion：
An overly centralized economy is responsible for Country X’s poor agricultural production.
（3）错误类比，XY有很多不同的地方啊，没的可比
（4）A：证明经济政策不好啊，support，loser
B：一个内陆，一个沿海，没有可比性，contender
C：都经历了干旱天气，说明就是X的经济政策不好，support，loser
D：东西不一样，没有可比性，contender
E：不管政府的经济政策出于什么目的，都是产量下降了，无关选项，loser
B只是说道两个地方的地理位置不同，太宽泛了，而D具体说明了X与Y种的玉米品种不一样，所以受天气的影响也不一样，所以不一定是经济政策使得X的产量下降，所以选D

3.
（1）57s assumes
（2）逻辑链
Background：
Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation.
（4）科学家将：向大众讲授=非同僚——>不讲授=同僚
A：科学不应该是孤独的活动，应该是一部分人的活动，loser
B：重点不在是否renown，loser
C：无关选项，popularizer 跟research的水平没关系，loser
D：科学家认为讲授的人的动机不是为了科学，而是为了出名，contender
E：无关选项，loser
所以，选D

4.
（1）25s must be true
（2）逻辑链
                                  Sales      rofits
Pharmaceuticals         20%      40%
chemicals                    80%       60%
（4）A：每个部门的销售量占重量是基本不变的，但是不能说明销售量就没变，百分数不等于总量，loser
B：argument没提到竞争对手的问题，该选项意图通过说竞争对手来解释P部门的销售量占的少的问题，但竞争对手只是一个原因，loser
C：C部门虽然销售量很大，但是利润的占比却没有销售量这么大，也就是说C部门买的东西没有P部门的之前，contender
D：原文没提到，loser
E：没有区分高低利润的产品，loser
所以，选C

5.
（1）20s assumption
（2）逻辑链
Primes:
The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
Innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.
Conclusion：
The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet.
（4）A：跟cheap，traditional的车没关系，loser
B：文中没有出现该选项中提到的比较，loser
C：运动员对于非官方需要的科技改革是没有强烈需求的，说明了自行车科技保守一种对运动员需求的满足，contender
D：没有提到关于市场适应的问题，loser
E：无关选项，文中说科技革新以需求为导向，E中没有提到相关信息，loser
所以，选C