【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-13】

qiuhua01234567

zhan
昨天和人干架去了，补上。
Weaken

Background：High school students who feel that they are not
succeeding in high school often drop out before
graduating and go to work

Premise: the program instituted
two years ago to improve the morale of high school
students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts

Conclusion: the
city’s high school dropout rate was significantly
lower than the previous year’s rate.

(A)There was a recession that caused a high level
of unemployment in the city.

-------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of
high school had been low even before they
reached high school.

----------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school
students remained in school than dropped
out.

-----------------------------------------------------------support
(D) High schools in the city established placement
offices to assist their graduates in obtaining
employment.

-----------------------------------------------------support
(E) The anti dropout program was primarily aimed
at improving students’ morale in those high
school with the highest dropout rates.

------------------------------------------------------support
2weaken

conclusion: An overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in Country X since its new government came to power.

Premise: Neighboring Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y.

(A)Industrial production also is declining in Country X.
(B) Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.
(C) Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.
(D) The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(E) Country X's new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitble distribution of goods.

Assumption

Background: Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation

Premise: when any scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences,

Conclusion: most other scientists conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.

(A)serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a group of colleagues
(B) research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research
(D) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research
(E) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists

A company's two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years:  in each of those years, the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollar sales and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance

(A) serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a group of colleagues
(B) research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy
(C) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research
(D) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research
(E) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists

Background: The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet.

Premise: The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.

Conclusion:innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.

(A)The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.

winghyy

精炼题
36s-weaken
This year, the dropout rate of last year is lower than that of the previous year.  This is an encouraging evidence that the program instituted 2 year ago take effect to reduce dropout.
Prephase: this year's rate is higher than the last year's.
选A

(A) There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city. ——correct [the alternate cause]
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they
reached high school. -strengthen
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out.
——irrelevant [students remained v.s. dropped out ]
(D) High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining
employment.  ——out of scope [graduates]
(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high
school with the highest dropout rates. ——out of scope [in those high school with the highest dropout rates]

winghyy

逻辑链
49. 36s-weaken
The agriculture production is lower in X than Y. While the climatic condition in X  and in Y is the same. Therefore, it is the centralized economy, not the climate condition, that cause the low agricultural production in X.
Prephase: Other causes——agricultral process.
选D

50. 50s-explain
Scientist enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues. Therefore, when a scientis become an expounder of science to general audience, most other scientists conclude that he is not a true colleague.
Prephase: the popularizers don't do any important new research.
选D

51. 35s-infer
The P division accounts for 20% of sales and 40% of profits. The D divison for the balance.
选C

52. 50s-assumption
The innovation of bicycle techonolgy is limited by authorities. The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
Prephase: authorities' requirements affect bicycle racer's buying decision.
选C

ugly5552000

1、Background: those high school students drop out before graduation because they feel they are not successful in high school. Last year, the city’s high school dropout rate was impressively lower than the previous year.
Premise: it is the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has began to take effect to reduce dropouts.
Prephrase: if the rural area’s high school students are counted in, the general dropout ratio does not decline. Many companies has risen their criteria of recruitment that the applicants must have graduated from high school.

A
A: correct answer, the recession will reduce the working opportunities, the high school students must contemplate the outcome of dropout.
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
D: if the assistance is useful, it will cause more dropouts
E: irrelevant
2、Background: the agriculture production in Country X has been falling while that in Country Y has been rising.
Premise: because Country X and Y is under the same climatic condition, so the agriculture production fall in Country X is probably caused by the overly centralized economy.
Prephrase: many peasants leave their land and get into cities to work as immigrant workers.

D
A: irrelevant
B: what the territory of X and Y is like does not make any sense.
C: then it is hard to explain why agriculture production still rise under drought condition.
D: the different crops of X and Y make that even under same climatic condition, the agriculture productions might be different.
E: irrelevant
3、Background: generally speaking, only scientists with the goal of important new research could be accepted as colleagues by other scientists in the same field.
Premise: when any scientist wins popularity by explaining science to general audience, he is no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
Prephrase: when a scientist wins popularity, his concern of work will no longer be the import research.
D
A: nothing about cooperation
B: envy makes no sense
C: the point is not how to be a popularizer, but what will happen after being a popularize
D: when the important new research cannot be completed, a scientist loses one of the conditions to be accepted as colleague.
E: irrelevant
4、Background: a company has two divisions, the pharmaceuticals division and the chemicals division. In the last three years, the pharmaceuticals division accounted for roughly 20% of sales and 40% of profits, and the chemicals division takes roughly 80% of sales and 60% of profits.
Prephrase: the pharmaceuticals division is more profitable than the chemical division.
C
A: irrelevant
B: the one which faces stiffer competition should be chemical division
C: the choice is the answer
D: irrelevant
E: cannot be concluded
5、Background: the technological innovation of bicycle is closely connected with the demands of bicycle. Only the bicycle racers are willing to pay for the innovation in bicycle.
Premise: so the innovation in bicycle technology is limited by the authorities of bicycle races.
C
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: without the acknowledgement of the racing authorities, the racer will not demand innovations
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant

balapupu

1.[23s]
P: Students who feel that they can not success in the high school will drop out and work?Last year, the school drop out rate decrease?C: this suggest that the measurement to improve the students moral standard has effect.
Weaken: because the bad economic, students drop out school can not find job so they stay at school.
A:
(A) There was a recession that caused a high level
of unemployment in the city.-->R
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of
high school had been low even before they
reached high school.-->support
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school
students remained in school than dropped
out.-->irrelevant comparison.
(D) High schools in the city established placement
offices to assist their graduates in obtaining
employment.-->support
(E) The anti dropout program was primarily aimed
at improving students’ morale in those high
school with the highest dropout rates.-->support

balapupu

逻辑链：
1.[18s]
P: the neighbor country Y has the same climate with the X, however the agriculture in Y increase while X decrease.
C: Over centralized economy lead to the poor agriculture of X.
Weaken: the soil of the agriculture in two different is different..
A:
(A)    Industrial production also is declining in Country X.-->irrelevant with other industry
(B) Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.-->irrelevant with the kinds of the city
(C) Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.-->support
(D) The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.-->R
(E) Country X's new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.-->irrelevant.
2.[17s]
P: Scientists enter the field with goal of doing important new research and accept the college with the same motivation?if some scientists win the renown?it is thought that they are not true college.
Assumption: true college did not work for win the renown.
A:
(A)    serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a group of colleagues?irrelevant wit the serious
(B) research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy?no mention about the envy.
(C) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research-?not mention.
(D) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research?R
(E) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists ?irrelevant with the people not scientists.

3.数字比例关系，做过了。
4.【15s】
P：the technology of the bicycle reflect the consumer needs?the only consumer interested in the innovation of the bicycle is the racers?so the innovation technology fill into the standard of competition purpose.
Assumption: racers have no purpose without the competition.
A:
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.-->irrelevant with the expands
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.-->irrelevant with the factory size.
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.-->R
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.-->not mention in the passage.
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design?irrelevant with the information.

monica3m

II, background: students drop out rate is high
 remise: program that is mentioned to improve the morale the high school students.
 Conclusion: the program is effective to reduce the students' drop out rate.

49, background: climate changes
  Premise: Country X and Y suffered from the same climatic conditions.
  Conclusion: agricultural production has been falling in country X, but it has been rising in country Y.
D
50, Background: scientists' goal is doing important new research and is accepted by their colleagues.
  Premise: some of scientists are known as expounders of science to general audiences.
  Conclusion: popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
D
51,  Background: department P and C performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years.
  Premise: Department P = 20% sales/ 40% profits.
         Department C = 80% sales/ 60% profits
  Conclusion:
C
新手上路～

风无衣

【精炼1-13】
weaken_37s
background information:high school students who think they are not successful often dropout from school before graduate and go to work.
premise:last year, the dropout rate was lower than previous year's rate
conclusion:it is obvious the program which instituted to improve morale of high school that took effect to reduce the dropout rate.
(A) There was a recession that caused a high level
of unemployment in the city.——irrelevant
(B) The morale of students who dropped out of
high school had been low even before they
reached high school.——have no effect on this issue
(C) As in the preceding year, more high school
students remained in school than dropped
out.——has no effect on this issue
(D) High schools in the city established placement
offices to assist their graduates in obtaining
employment.——correct.他因导致。
(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimed
at improving students’ morale in those high
school with the highest dropout rates.——irrelevant about the purpose of the program

哟西~做错了~果然几天没看CR报应啊~呜呜~

The argument concludes that a program instituted two years ago to increase
morale has ultimately caused the recent decrease in high school dropouts. You
must always recognize a causal conclusion when one is presented to you!
Whenever you encounter a causal conclusion, ask yourself if the relationship
must be as stated by the author or if another explanation can be found.
In simplified form, the conclusion appears as follows:
P = program to raise high school morale
RD = reduction in dropouts
CE
P -----> RD

Answer choice (A): This is the correct answer. The answer attacks the
conclusion by introducing an alternate cause: it was not the morale program
that led to a decrease in high dropouts, but rather the fact that no jobs were
available for individuals contemplating dropping out of high school.The job
availability factor is important because the first sentence of the stimulus
indicates that high school students who drop out go to work. Thus,if a
recession led to a high level of unemployment, this could cause high school
students to rethink dropping out and stay in school.

Answer choice (D): This is a Shell Game answer. The stimulus refers to high
school dropouts. This answer choice refers to high school graduates.
当时做题其实没有觉得D是偷换概念来着~
我觉得高校帮助学生就业，就使得打算早辍学的同学发现留在学校的好处了噻~所以他们就留在学校的多了~现在看来应该是我YY得过于深入了~哎。。。CR我该拿你怎么办。。。

珍妮弗

xie

Threesu

T:19
P:Students without certain morale will try to drop out and go
to work. The rate of the students drop out in high school is
decreasing.
C:Something was done is helpful in reducing such things.
A
T:32
P:Suffering the same climitic condition, X experienced agriculture
reduce and Y did not.
C:The economy is responsible for this phenomethon.
D
T:34
P:The colleagues of scientists are the ones that enjoy the same
objection of doing researches.
C:The popularizer who obtain the renown of introducing science
to general audience are no longer regarded as colleagues of them.
D
T:23
P:Two divisions performed consistency in the past three years,
P did 20 percent of sales and 40 percent profit,
C

T:25
P:The people who are in favor of bicycles are racers.
C:The innovation will be limited.