【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-11】

May97

T：42s
P：Lobsters and other crustaceans eaten by humans are more likely to contract gill diseases when sewage contaminates their water.
P：Under a recent proposal, millions of gallons of local sewage each day would be rerouted many kilometers offshore.
C：Although this would substantially reduce the amount of sewage in the harbor where lobsters are caught, the proposal is pointless, because hardly any lobsters live long enough to be harmed by those diseases.
Weaken: 即使lobsters的生命很短暂，依然有可能被感染，所以减少sewage的数量是有意义的
(A) Contaminants in the harbor other than sewage are equally harmful to lobsters.--->irreverent
(B) Lobsters, like other crustaceans, live longer in the open ocean than in industrial harbors.--->correct
(C) Lobsters breed as readily in sewagecontaminated water as in unpolluted water.--->irreverent
(D) Gill diseases cannot be detected by examining the surface of the lobster.--->irreverent
(E) Humans often become ill as a result of eating lobsters with gill diseases.--->irreverent

T: 28s
P1: the number of cars owned by residents of East Germany and the total distance traveled by cars in East Germany both increased by about 40 percent.
P: however, the number of East German residents killed each year as car occupants in traffic accidents increased by about 300 percent.
远距离旅行通常都是一群人一起去，更容易发生车祸而且，一辆车载的人数更多
(A) The average number of passengers per car was higher in the years before unification than it was in the two years after.--->correct
(B) After unification, many people who had been living in East Germany relocated to West Germany.--->加大差距
(C) After unification, a smaller proportion of the cars being purchased by East German residents were used vehicles.--->irreverent
(D) Drivers who had driven little or not at all before 1989 accounted for much of the increase in the total distance traveled by cars.--->这个答案还是比较困惑，可能是不能说明差距？
(E) Over the same two-year period in East Germany, other road users, such as motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians, experienced only small increases in traffic fatalities.--->irreverent\

T:44s
Editorial:Regulations recently imposed by the government of Risemia call for unprecedented reductions in the amounts of pollutants manufacturers are allowed to discharge into the environment.  
P: It will take costly new pollution control equipment requiring expensive maintenance to comply with these regulations.  
P: Resultant price increases for Risemian manufactured goods will lead to the loss of some export markets.  
c: Clearly, therefore, annual exports of Risemian manufactured goods will in the future occur at diminished levels.
Weaken: 虽然失去了部分出口市场，但是这个政策可以吸引的新的出口市场大于失去的
(A) The need to comply with the new regulations will stimulate the development within Risemia of new pollution control equipment for which a strong worldwide demand is likely to emerge.--->correct
(B) The proposed regulations include a schedule of fines for noncompliance that escalate steeply in cases of repeated noncompliance.--->irreverent
(C) Savings from utilizing the chemicals captured by the pollution control equipment will remain far below the cost of maintaining the equipment.--->irreverent
(D) By international standards, the levels of pollutants currently emitted by some of Risemia's manufacturing plants are not considered excessive.--->support
(E) The stockholders of most of Risemia's manufacturing corporations exert substantial pressure on the corporations to comply with environmental laws.--->irreverent

T:45s
BG: Paint on a new airliner is usually applied in two stages:  first, a coat of primer, and then a top coat.  
P: A new process requires no primer, but instead uses two layers of the same newly developed coating, with each layer of the new coating having the same thickness and weight as a traditional top coat.  
P: Using the new process instead of the old process increases the price of a new aircraft considerably.
C:  it is in an airline's long-term economic interest to purchase new airliners painted using the new process rather than the old process
Support: 使用新的喷漆技术增加了成本，却能为公司带了更多的利润？可能这样飞机更安全，乘坐的人更多？
(A) Although most new airliners are still painted using the old process, aircraft manufacturers now offer a purchaser of any new airliner the option of having it painted using the new process instead.--->irreverent
(B) A layer of primer on an airliner weighs more than a layer of the new coating would by an amount large enough to make a difference to that airliner's load-bearing capacity.--->correct
(C) A single layer of the new coating provides the aluminum skin of the airliner with less protection against corrosion than does a layer of primer of the usual thickness.--->weaken
(D) Unlike the old process, the new process was originally invented for use on spacecraft, which are subject to extremes of temperature to which airliners are never exposed.--->weaken
(E) Because the new coating has a viscosity similar to that of a traditional top coat, aircraft manufacturers can apply it using the same equipment as is used for a traditional top coat.--->irreverent

T: 39s
P: In countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widely affordable prices;
P: those same drugs, where patented, command premium prices because the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from competitors.  
C: These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.
Weaken: 专利权取消，没有企业想要开饭生产新药
(A) In countries in which life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, their manufacture is nevertheless a profitable enterprise.--->support
(B) Countries that do not currently grant patents on life-sustaining drugs are, for the most part, countries with large populations.--->irreverent
(C) In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.--->irreverent
(D) Pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs only if patents allow them to earn high profits.--->irreverent
(E) Countries that grant patents on life-sustaining drugs almost always ban their importation from countries that do not grant such patents.--->correct

云栈

41s
P：当污水污染水时，人类食用的龙虾和其他甲壳类动物更容易感染g
P：根据最近提议，每天将数百万加仑的当地污水改道至离岸数公里的地方。
C：尽管这将大大减少捕捞龙虾的港口的污水量，但该提议毫无意义，因为几乎没有任何龙虾的寿命足以受到这些疾病的伤害。
推测：龙虾不会受到伤害但是不代表他们携带的病毒不会使人类收到伤害;
选项分析：E
A：无关，原题中只提到了sewage，没说其他
B：opposite 开闸了之后龙虾活的时间长，支持原题观点
C: 无关，与龙虾繁殖无关
D：无关，与检测无关
E: 正确，说明人吃了带有这种病毒的，即使没有收到伤害的，龙虾会得病。
【这道题好绕，想了好久

2.29s
P：东德居民拥有的汽车数量和东德汽车行驶的总距离都增加了约40％。
P: 然而，在这两年中，每年由于交通事故中的汽车乘员死亡，东德居民的死亡人数增加了约300％。
推测：这些买了车的人出车祸的时候车上都有其他人
选项分析：D
3.        1min
P: 政府最近实施的法规前所未有地减少制造商被允许排放到环境中的污染物量。
P：要符合这些法规，需要昂贵的新型污染控制设备和昂贵的维护。
P: 制成品的最终价格上涨将导致某些出口市场的丧失。
C：因此，将来里塞米亚制成品的年出口量将减少。
推测：减少垃圾排放量给工厂带来了别的收益，不会导致价格上涨;
选项分析：A

4.        39s
P: 新客机上的油漆通常分为两个阶段：首先是底漆层，然后是面漆。
P: 新工艺不需要底漆，而是使用两层相同的新开发涂层，新涂层的每一层都具有与传统面漆相同的厚度和重量。
P: 使用新工艺代替旧工艺会大大增加新飞机的价格。
推测：用这种新的方法维持的久，反而节省成本；或者是在其他方面节省成本
选项分析：B

5.        30s
P：在不能为维持生命的新药物申请专利的国家，这类药物以可承受的价格出售；
P：那些具有专利的相同药物具有较高的价格，因为专利使拥有专利的制造商免受竞争者的侵害。
C: 这些事实表明，如果要在各地废除授予新开发的维持生命药物专利的做法，则可以改善将来获得维持生命药物的途径。
推测：废除专利之后会有增加竞争，导致本来便宜的药价增长；没有收益的话药房就不开发新的药
选项分析：D

Lincy123

P：几乎没有龙虾能活得够长而得病

C：近期的提案要求当地每日排水远离港口是没有意义的

虽然龙虾没事，但是吃龙虾的人呢？

A）   在港口的污染物和排水管的对龙虾都有毒。Correct

没有解释龙虾活不长和排水管移开之间的关系。Wrong

B）   龙虾在开放海域比在污染港口活得长。 无关

C）   龙虾在污水繁殖和在没有污染的水繁殖一样容易。无关

D）  检查龙虾表明查不出病。无关

E）   人们常常吃了有病的龙虾而生病。无关 correct

龙虾如果住在污染的水里就会有gill 病，人吃了就会有病，所以这个提案是有必要的

有车的人增加40%，总行驶距离增加40%

交通死亡总人数上升300%

Why？一车多人、交通事故率上升

A） 平均每辆车的乘客上升。Correct

看反了，两年前平均每辆车的乘客更高。所以下降，weaken

B） 许多东德人去了西德。无关

C） 合并后，更少比例的车是二手车

D）以前开车少司机，占了大部分的总行驶距离。无关

新手上路的多了，死亡率高

E） 汽车之外的其他交通工具，只有小量的死亡率增长

P：制造商提高产品单价弥补出口市场的亏额

C：年度出口货物在将来会下降。

A） 合规需求会促进新的世界的控制污染的机器的发展。Correct 出口会上升

B） 不遵守法规要罚款。无关

C） 节省化学用料会维持一个低于维修设备的成本，无关

D）国际标准上部分工厂政府认为是有害的实际没有害，无关

E） 工厂的股东都施加压力让企业合规，无关、

Bg：新涂料价格贵，涂两层

C：买新涂料是一种长期经济手段

A)    有的机场用旧的，有的机场用新的。无关

B)     旧的重量比心的涂层重很多，飞机装载量增大。Correct

C)    单一一层涂料含有铝，更容易变生锈。Weaken

D)    新旧看起来差不多，制造商可以用旧的产生线生产新产品。无关

P：没有专利的长生药能以便宜价格买到，但有专利的长生药很贵

C：如果所有地方的新开发的长生药都被禁止专利了，长生药的取得可以被改善

A） 没有专利的长生药的生产商不盈利。无关

B） 药无专利的国家大多是人很多的。无关

C） 即使一些药本身不能获得专利，在部分地方通过特殊流程能获得专利，无关

D）药厂只有被允许赚钱才能花钱去研发新药。Correct

E） 哪些允许专利药的国家禁止进口没有专利的药，无关