【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-6】

qiuhua01234567

占，感恩节快乐，虽然过了
1.20S weaken

Background：Human beings have cognitive faculties that are
superior to those of other animals

Ways: humans become aware of these
conclusion: they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of
these faculties

(A)Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.

-----------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.

------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.

----------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.

----------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.

----------------------------------------------irrelevent
2.31Ssupport.

Background: Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.

Premise: the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip

Conclusion: emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip

(A)The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.

----------------------------------------------------------------------weaken
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.

----------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------what is mean of since before?
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------weaken

3.23S.weaken

Background: In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline.two plausible explation:predation,disease.

Premise: a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.

Conclusion: disease is the more likely.

(A)Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.

-------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.

------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.

--------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.

-----------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

------------------------------------------------------------correct

4.30S.paradox

background: From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States.The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline.

ways: aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling

Founds: the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans

(A)Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.

------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------wrong,weaken the conclusion
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent

5.

Background: Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack

One explation: Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest

Another explation: while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop

A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.

小意达de花儿

1. Human’s cognitive faculties are superior to those of other animals
C:Human cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve G of these faculties
I GUESS: Others animals can be made happy by anything that does not involve G of these faculties.
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees, for example—appear to be capable of rational communication.
Irrelevant to the rational communication of D & C
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual stimulation and with physical pleasures enjoy the latter more.
Correct, they also enjoy physical pleasures, which does not involve G of these faculties
(C) Someone who never experienced classical music as a child will usually prefer popular music as an adult.
Irrelevant to the music preference
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider themselves to be happy.
Not as sufficient as B
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love gourmet food.
Irrelevant to food preference.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Traces of cultivated EW have been found in Europe and Asia→
Narrow strip of SA is the only place where wild form of EM has been found growing→
Because oldest remains of cultivated EM yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip→
CONCLUSION: EM was first domesticated in that strip
(A) The present day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
Irrelevant to einkorn
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
Irrelevant to whether it is easy to domesticate EM
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
Irrelevant
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
Correct, the climatic conditions are preferable
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.
Weaken
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. The population of sea otters is declining
Two: possible reasons----predation & disease
Since Population of seals and sea lions is declining because of disease
Conclusion: The reason of declination of sea otters’ population is disease
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
Correct
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
Irrelevant
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
This is only a evidence of population of sea otters is declining
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
Irrelevant
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.
Irrelevant comparision
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Background: Beverage containers accounted for a decreasing percentage of household garbage in US. And practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline
Aluminum recycling was more widely practiced than glass recycling
But: Weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined more than the weight of aluminum cans
I guess: Glass Bottles are widely used
(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
Insufficient, we do not know the total weight. 这题一开始错选了这个选项，没有考虑total weight AND single weight
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
Insufficient, in the conclusion, it does not mention beverage containers
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
Correct, this account for the significantly declination of weight og glass bottles, even though the recycling of aluminum cans are more practiced.
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
When we see the word ‘rate’, we should think about the relationship between rate and quantity
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.
Irrelevant
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Background: Tiger beetles can capture any non-flying insect
But when running, tiger beetles stop intermittently
Two possible reasons: 1. they cannot maintain their pace and need a rest; 2. momentary blind
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
Overturn the hypothesis of momentary blind, but do not support the other one.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
Overturn the momentary blind hypothesis.
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
Correct, overturn the momentary blind, because the insects do not change direction in a fixed time interval. The beetles increase its speed after its next pause support the other hypothesis
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
Irrelevant
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
Overture the momentary blind, but do not support the other hypothesis.

zz42050524

占位下午做   感觉自己做作业太慢了

winghyy

精炼题 35s
Premise:human beings have better cognitive than other animals.
Therefore,once humans become aware of these, they will not be happy unless with gratification of these faculties.
Prephase: 举反例？
选D
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees, for example—appear to be capable of rational communication.
  结论中是讲humans的行为，与动物无关 irrelevant
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual stimulation and with physical pleasures enjoy the latter more.
(C) Someone who never experienced classical music as a child will usually prefer popular music as an adult.
     child vs adult的对比 无关
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider themselves to be happy.
     举了反例，
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love gourmet food.
    对美食鉴赏也是一种认知能力，没有weaken

又错了。。。越“错”越勇，之前徘徊在B,D中。

winghyy

逻辑链
21. 50s
BG: Trace of cultivated emmer wheat have been found in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild EW was found was in southwest Asia.
Premise: the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip.
Conclusion: it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Prephase: There is no other evidence show that EM was first domesticated in Europe.
D

22. 45s-weaken
Premise:The pupulation of Sea Otter declined. The possible reasons: 1. predation 2.disease. Since the population of whales and sea lions declined because of disease.
Conclusion: The reason is disease.
Prephase: Offer new evidence that  support "predation"
A

23. 70s-strengthen
Premise:Beverage container accounted for decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage, because of the recycling aluminum and glass.
findings: although AL recycling was more widely practiced than glass recycling, the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Prephase: there is another cause for the decline of glass.
C

24. 60s- strengthen one and weaken the other
BG: The tiger bettle can capture any nonflying insects. But during its chase, the tiger bettle will stop during the running and resume the attack a moment later.
Premise: There are two reasons: 1. run too fast so that it can not maintain the pace 2. rapidly changing visual information makes it go blind.
B
(这道OG上做过。。。好像还是错了）

qiuhua01234567

1.background information:Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animalspremise:once humans become aware of these
conclusion:they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties
is there a link between happiness and cognitive faculties?
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees, for example—appear to be capable of rational communication.
--the premise and conclusion are all about humans--irrelevant
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual stimulation and with physical pleasures enjoy the latter more.
--weaken--right
(C) Someone who never experienced classical music as a child will usually prefer popular music as an adult.
--irrelevant
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider themselves to be happy.
--support--if the athletes are happy because of the love of sports they play~right
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love gourmet food.

--???--slightly strengthen
做对了~可是思路又错了！！！
To weaken the argument we must show that individuals can be made happy without gratification of the cognitive faculties.
Cognitive means “relating to the mental process of knowing, including reasoning and judgment.”
B：Additionally, this answer has the benefit of addressing the phrase in the stimulus regarding awareness of cognitive faculties: “once humans become aware of these...” In this answer, unlike others, the individuals are known to be familiar with cognitive faculties. While we believe that recognition of cognitive faculties is inherent in adults (or some of the named types in other answers, such as serious athletes, who by definition would have to be teens or adults), this answer is stronger because it explicitly addresses the issue.
这道题~还是需要多看几遍呀
2.background information:Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.

premise:the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip,
conclusion:emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
is there a link between the location of the wild form of emmer and the place first domesticated it???
what about other continents?
(A) The present day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
--another wild wheat--irrelevant
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
--the difficulty --irrelevant
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
--the nutrition--irrelevant
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
--since before什么意思？--right?排除法
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

--weaken
思路不对~选项不懂

3.background information:In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline.There are two plausible explanations for the decline: predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease.premise:a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
conclusion:Of these two, disease is the more likely
what about killer whales? it doesn't mention it~~~
"are likely to be able to"~and is the disease fatal to sea otters?

(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.

--seek sea otters--right
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.

--slightly support or irrelevant
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.

--it isn't an explanation--irrelevant
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.

--it must happened--irrelevant
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

--irrelevant
4.background information:From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States.The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline.
premise:aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling
conclusion:it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
the container of glass is heavier than that of aluminum~
(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
--right
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
--the products are irrelevant--it's only about containers
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
--?--right
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
--a slightly faster rate & a greater percentage--no effect
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.
--irrelevant
A缺少条件吧~

5.Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?

background information:Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect

premise:Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest

an alternative hypothesis: while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information,                                                      and so quickly go blind and stop.

conclusion:when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.

猜不出来~~~

(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.

--support neither--no blind and no rest
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.

--support the first, weaken the second--right
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.

--pause for a rest and attack-no information about whether it goes blind--right
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.

--irrelevant
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.

--blind, but not support the first one
呃...为什么B错呢？

-- by 会员 xeyyxzty (2011/11/24 22:42:05)

能把你做的正确的思路再写下我嘛?今天题目做得我异常纠结啊、谢谢啊

balapupu

欢迎小花~~1.【40s】【看了两遍原来最后一句是双重否定】
P：people have cognitive ability better than animals-->Cnce that realize this-->they will not happy by anything,with out this cognitive ability.
weaken:animals also have feelings of happiness.
A:
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.-->does not mean they have cognitive ability better than people.
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.-->does not indicate without cognitive ability
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.-->R-->means not know about the popular but still like the popular music.
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.-->serious does not mean no cognitive ability.
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.-->serious does not mean no cognitive ability.
[又错了~~~每次做的很伤有木有。。。。]

qiuhua01234567

欢迎小花~~

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/11/25 21:40:55)

是我嘛？自恋下可不可以

fox0923

欢迎小花~~1.【40s】【看了两遍原来最后一句是双重否定】
P：people have cognitive ability better than animals-->Cnce that realize this-->they will not happy by anything,with out this cognitive ability.
weaken:animals also have feelings of happiness.
A:
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.-->does not mean they have cognitive ability better than people.
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.-->does not indicate without cognitive ability
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.-->R-->means not know about the popular but still like the popular music.
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.-->serious does not mean no cognitive ability.
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.-->serious does not mean no cognitive ability.
[又错了~~~每次做的很伤有木有。。。。]

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/11/25 21:40:55)

有，已经麻木了~所以再被伤下去就不会感觉痛了。

zz42050524

天亮来补，我现在就是一个打作业补丁的~~~~~