【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-6】

spencerchan

20’’
P: Once human aware they have superior cognitive faculties than other animals
C: People would not be happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties
Prep: the key may provide a possibility that people can be happy when something does not involve gratification of the faculties
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant??

D: CORRECT?? just guess it correct T.T
E: irrelevant

1’06’’ 一开始没有读懂。。
P: The only place whereto wild form of emmer wheat has been found in Asia
P: The oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat found at the same place
C: Emmer wheat was first domesticated at that place
Prep: The key may provide a fact to support the conclusion OR eliminate the weaken conditions
A: weaken
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
D: CORRECT
E: weaken

49’’
P: Population of seals and sea lions decline is caused by disease
P: The disease can infect sea otters
C: The population decline of sea otters is caused by disease
Prep: Other reasons
A: irrelevant?? OR weaken??
B: CORRECT There is NO??, I am doubt it
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant, and it is common sense
E: strengthen

1’20’’
P: Aluminum recycling was more widely practiced than glass recycling
C: The weight of glass bottles in household garbage is declined greater than aluminum bottles
Prep: I cannot understand the logic. I think recycling was more widely practiced has no relationship with weight declined.
A: CORRECT
B: it cannot explain the conclusion
C: irrelevant
D: it cannot explain the conclusion
E: irrelevant

48’’
P: The tiger beetles have to stop
C1: They cannot maintain their pace, so need a break
C2: They will be blind a moment, so have to stop
Prep: The key shows a supporting fact
A: irrelevant
B: This option shows that tiger beetles are not blind to fast, but it not supports the other reason
C: CORRECT
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant

让我哭会。。。

MIA926

CR小分队20150831-6
【精练】

1. Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals, and once humans become aware of these, they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most calls into question the view above?
———Bible Weaken Question Problem Set NO.1
计时：
逻辑链：人类的认知能力比其他动物都要好，而且一旦人类意识到这点，他们就不能对任何无法满足这些faculty的食物感到开心

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication. 无关 讨论范围是人类
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more. 无关
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult. 无关 讲的是happy的问题
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy. 正确
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food. 无关 同C



【逻辑链】

21.(28551-!-item-!-188;#058&003690)
Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
逻辑链：某种耕作小麦在欧洲和亚洲的考古地点都有发现。但只有在西南亚才发现了野生的这种小麦，而且最早的这种小麦的remains也是来自于这个地方，所以这个地方是最早种植小麦的。
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia. 无关
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains. 无关
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated. 无关
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture. 正确
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia. 削弱


22.(28829-!-item-!-188;#058&003748)
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline.There are two plausible explanations for the decline:predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease.Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
逻辑链：otter population decline , two reasons, disease more likely, because seals and sea lions populations also decline because of the disease.
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey. 正确
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations. 加强
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times. 无关
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source. 无关
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters. 无关


23.(29107-!-item-!-188;#058&003854)
From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States.The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline.However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?
逻辑链：recycle more aluminum than glass but glass bottle decline by a greater percentage than aluminum.
(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size. 无关
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages. 无关
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers. 正确
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans. 无关
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting. 无关


24.(29155-!-item-!-188;#058&003857)
Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
逻辑链： 两种解释，做实验证明一种对一种错
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping. 无关
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline. 无关
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.  正确
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit. 无关
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier. 无关

啊云苏苏

1-6-1-question
1)计时：27.29
2）逻辑链：
-P
CF>animals'
-C
Once people are aware of these,things do not involve CF are unable to make them happy
3）Prephrase
可以因为很多原因happy，不一定非要因为CF；
4)选项分析：
A irrelevant，再怎么交流也不如人类，无法攻击P
B bingo！！！人们可以因为physical而快乐
C irrelevant
D irrelevant，和CF无关
E irrelevant

1-6-2-strengthen
1)计时：55.39
2）逻辑链：
-B
CEW are found in the earliest AR of E&A
-P1
the only WEW are found in XX
-P2
the oldest CEW are found in XX
-C
EW was first domesticated in XX
3）Prephrase
别的地方的EW培育种子是来自于XX；后续也没有发现比XX更早的培育trace了
4)选项分析：
A irrelevant,结论说的是emmer不是einkorn
B irrelevant
C irrelevant
D（correct，气候变化小，剔除了另一个变量，说明WEW可以在这个区域存在很久，而不是最近才出现的，strengthen了结论）
E（这题应该是削弱，很难区分导致人们容易弄混，但是基因还是有区别的，不是一种wheat。不要错误的理解为没有区别）
错了，选D

1-6-3-weaken
1)计时：40.88
2）逻辑链：
-B
SO↓，because of Predation or Disease
-P
concurrent Seals↓，SL↓is believed by D
the D can infect SO
-C
D is more likely
3）Prephrase
seal和Sl的死亡发生在别的海域，隔得太远无法传染；这个d对SO来说不一定致命
4)选项分析：
A bingo！是因为seal和SL得病死太多，SW只能吃SO，所以SO减少了
B irrelevant，说的是总量减少
C 重复B，没有意义
D 按结论分析下去逻辑对，但是irrelevant
E support

1-6-4-reason
1)计时：56.33
2）逻辑链：
-B
BC↓，recycling↑是一个主要原因
-P
AR>GR,however GB<AB
3）Prephrase
厂家用glass包装的少了；人们买glass包装的少了
4)选项分析：
A 题目说的比重下降
B opposite
C bingo！！！
D opposite
E opposite，所以没人回收glass，glass应该↑

1-6-5-support one,undermine another
1)计时：55.03
2）逻辑链：
-B
TB can run quickly to capture any insect(nonflying)
抓的时候中途偶尔会停一下，再重新开始
-H1
cannot maintain pace,need a rest
-H2
cannot change VI rapidly,so quickly go blind and stop
3）Prephrase
如果AMI直线逃跑，就不用转变视野，TB持续追捕，就可以否定H1支持H2
重点是要有一种情况TB不停下来
4)选项分析：
A（同时削弱了两个H）
B 削弱了2，但也没有支持1
C（correct，削弱了2，支持了1。这个选项说的是方向没变，它还是要停一下休息）
D irrelvant

kexiner

1-6
【精练】

1. Human beings have cognitive faculties that are
superior to those of other animals, and once humans
become aware of these, they cannot be made happy
by anything that does not involve gratification of
these faculties.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
calls into question the view above?
———Bible Weaken Question Problem Set NO.1
逻辑链： 人类有cognitive faculties 比其他动物高级，
premise 一旦他们be aware of these，
conclusion 他们将不会因为其他不包含these faculties满足的事而开心
weaken
preprase 不involve这些faculties的事情也能让人开心
Cognitive means “relating to the mental process of knowing,
including reasoning and judgment.” In other words, cognitive faculties are thinking and analyzing, etc.
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.
irrelevant
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.
right
faculties包含Physica了pleasures吗
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.
classical music和popularmusic对此题无关
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.
-if the athletes are happy because of the love of sports they play~right
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.

food 无关

【逻辑链】

21.(28551-!-item-!-188;#058&003690)


Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
逻辑链：对于cultivated emmer wheat的起源被发现在最早的农业remains在考古地在欧洲和亚洲。 the only 地点 where野生emmer wheat 被发现生长在亚洲西南部的narrow strip。 因为最古老的remains of 种植的 emmer wheat被发现在同样的narrow strip 。
结论： 很清楚的是 emmer wheat 是第一个被demesticated 在那个 strip

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
weaken
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.

(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.

(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
说明这样的climate适合耕作？ 加强？ right
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.
weaken


22.(28829-!-item-!-188;#058&003748)
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline.There are two plausible explanations for the decline:predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease.Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
逻辑链 sea otter 数量减少。 有两种可能性解释：1.捕食2.疾病
疾病是更加可能的，因为同时期发生的seal和sea lion的减少是由于疾病，
结论： 疾病会感染这类creatures的也可能感染sea otter
pre predation比疾病更容易感染sea otter


Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
seal 和sea lion由于疾病减少 因此whale就吃seaotter。 right
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
strengthen 证明不是migration的原因导致减少
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
former times 属于无关
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
sea urchin 增加 代表 seaotter减少 无关
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

23.(29107-!-item-!-188;#058&003854)
From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States.The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline.However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?
逻辑链：beverage container是家庭垃圾下降的分量中占有很大比重。 回收铝和玻璃的广泛使用是这种下降的主要原因。 然而， 尽管回收铝的使用比玻回收玻璃的使用更加广泛，研究发现，玻璃瓶在家庭垃圾里的下降比铝制品的下降比重要多。

(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
right
whether the glass bottles contain beverage or not, they will discarded as garbage.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
right  ???
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
irrelevant
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.



24.(29155-!-item-!-188;#058&003857)
Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
逻辑链 tiger beetle 可以基本上抓住任何 nonflying insect。然而，当朝着一个insect跑的时候，beetle间歇停止，然后 过一会 回复攻击。 可能他们不能保持他们的速率and 必须停止来休息一下；但是一种替换的解释是由于他们不能变换视觉信息，然后很快go  blind



When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
weaken both
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.

(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
right
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.

(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
没有weaken第一个

Geranium_Bayy

（做错）1. Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals, and once humans become aware of these, they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most calls into question the view above?
———Bible Weaken Question Problem Set NO.1
15’’ 逻辑链：人类比其他动物认知能力更好。一旦人们意识到这些，他们就不会对任何没有包含满足的东西感到开心。
削弱：a phenomenon（/蕴含着一个道理） 即使没有包含满足的东西也能让他们感到开心。
(A)        Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees, for example—appear to be capable of rational communication. Rational communication [not=] cognitive ability
Even though they have this communication ability, human cognitive faculties can still be superior.
(B)        Many people familiar both with intellectual stimulation and with physical pleasures enjoy the latter more. 无关
This is the correct answer, and a somewhat risqué one at that. By showing that many
people enjoy the physical more than the cognitive, the answer shows that people can be made happy by
gratification of something other than cognitive faculties. Cognitive faculties, being mental in nature, are of
course distinct from physical pleasures.
(C)        Someone who never experienced classical music as a child will usually prefer popular music as an adult. 无关
A preference for a certain type of music is likely a cognition-driven preference, and
this preference is expressed by an adult who would certainly be aware of cognitive faculties. And, since no
suggestion is made that individuals can be made happy without gratification of the cognitive faculties, this
answer is incorrect.
(D)        Many people who are serious athletes consider themselves to be happy.
This can be an attractive answer at first, but it depends on the assumption that the
serious athletes are happy due to their athletic endeavors. However, that connection is not explicitly stated,
and it could be that the serious athletes are happy because of some gratification of their cognitive faculties,
in their respective sport or otherwise.
(E)        Many people who are serious athletes love gourmet food.
This answer is similar to answer choice (D). A gourmet is a connoisseur of food and
drink, and a connoisseur is a person with deep or special knowledge of a subject. In this sense, there
would be a cognitive element to the enjoyment of gourmet food. As such, this answer may serve to slightly
strengthen the argument because it shows that an individual with experience with the non-cognitive still
retains a love of the cognitive.

21.(28551-!-item-!-188;#058&003690)
Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia. Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
24’’ E物最早是在欧洲和亚洲发现的。唯一一个地方发现的野生E物是在一个相对比较狭隘的带状地区找到的。因为最早发现的E物同样是在一个狭隘的带状地区找到的。因此，E物最早是生长在带状地区。
加强：排除strip地区各方面不好的因素/排除可能让E物质外移的因素
(A) The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia. 无关，新信息einkorn
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains. 无关
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.无关
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.  correct
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia. 无关

22.(28829-!-item-!-188;#058&003748)
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline.There are two plausible explanations for the decline:predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease.Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
35’’ 逻辑链：SO数量下降——有两种因素：predation & disease——最可能是disease：seals 和sea lions 数量是被disease影响的，SO也有可能。
削弱：1、S和SL住的不是一个地方（切断S，SL与SO之间的联系）
2、killer whales 的数量在急剧上升
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey. Correct【source is scarce=S & SO have disease, killers can’t eat】
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations. 无关
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times. 无关，并没有提到地点
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source. SO decline导致的结果本来就是SO的food数量会增加
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters. 无关

(做错)23.(29107-!-item-!-188;#058&003854)
From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States.The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline. However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?
27’’  逻辑链：家庭垃圾重量减少——归功于对铝和对玻璃的回收——回收铝的范围比回收玻璃的范围大——玻璃垃圾重量的减少大于铝的
解释：玻璃比铝重
(A)        Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size. Correct
题中涉及的是percentage。Aluminum recycling wider>glass recycling
aluminum cans declined<glass bottles declined in household
解释：他因，导致玻璃瓶在日常垃圾中的比重减少的更多了这样才能削弱原文。题目中讲到percentage的时候不要拿质量&数量来作比较，因为并不知道基数。只能拿此类物种在此占得权重是增加了还是减少了。
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans. Slightly & significantly（题中）
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting. 无关

24.(29155-!-item-!-188;#058&003857)
Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
27’’ 逻辑链：TB跑的很快因此他能抓住所有不是飞行类的虫子——但是当他抓捕的时候，他要停下来一会再抓——可能是因为他不能保持这样的速度所以要停下来休息一会——另外一个假说是说TB在高速奔跑的时候不能适应迅速变化的视觉信息，所以它就像眼瞎了似得，停了。
Support one/undermine another：
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause. 这种类型的问题一定要记得控制变量。变量控制：rapidly changing visual information，但是TB还是要停下来休息.
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit. 无关
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier. 无关

fesche

Human has cognitive faculties, other animals don’t
human can not be happy once they aware this
not happy without involve gratification faculties

Weaken

因：有cognitive faculties
果：没有的话不开心
因果不对，因果颠倒，他因
B

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees, for example—appear to be capable of rational communication.
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual stimulation and with physical pleasures enjoy the latter more.
(C) Someone who never experienced classical music as a child will usually prefer popular music as an adult.
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider themselves to be happy.
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love gourmet food.

EW was found in eu and asia
the only place is in narrow strip in asia
因：the oldest one was found in the narrow strip
果: first dominated in this narrow strip
Strengthen
因果，有因有果没有他因，因果没有颠倒
资料表明那里就是最早的
其他地方发现的都没有那里早
D

A) The present day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

Otter decline
disease is likely
seal lion disease
disease can infect otter
weaken
因：seal and seal lion有病，病可以从他们传到otter
果：otter也是有病
因果之间有gap，因没有果
otter有病死不了
seal他们有病死了，所以killer shark没东西食只可以食otter
A
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

Beverage containers in trash declines, because of recycle program
A was used more widely, but G by greater percentage
关于数量的，凡是有数的都要考虑是否正确
可能厂家不出G，而是推出A的多
大家都把G在家里用做花瓶等
C

(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.

When attack has to stop
one: stop for rest
second: go too fast, blind, stop to change visual info
有个移动的，怎么增强一个
在移动不而不stop就不是第二个
B-C

(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline. 前半段讲了即使移动没有停止，所以是看到的。第二个移动停止是休息
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.

hedyail

D6 错2对3，关键在于理解题意

精炼
T 31S
PRE:human has better congitive faculties
CON:human cannot be happier by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties
WEAKEN

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.- not related to other animals
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more. - 没对比
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult. - support
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy. - 没有前后功能的对比
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food. -correct

E c

逻辑链
T2 28s
PRE:traces of cultivated EW are found in Europe and Asia. Wild form of EW can only be found in a strip of southwest asia.
oldest remains of cultivated EW also in the same village in the strip
CON:EW was first domesticated in the strip
SUPPORT
D ACD无关讨论

T3 40s
PRE:sea otters decreased a lot in 1980s. Two main reasons:predation and disease. The diseases that infect other creatures like sea seals can also cause sea otters to get infected
CONisease is a more likely reason
WEAKEN
A B有点support,CDE无关

T4
BG:1978-1989， beverage containers accounted less percentage of total weight of household garbage in USA. Recycling is the main reason.
PRE:A recycling was more widely practiced than glass recycling.
CON:the weight of glass declined by a greater percentage than A
EXPLAIN
C D有support,E无关，AB有诱惑

T5 42s
PRE:TB are fast runners. When running to an insect, TB may suddenly stop and the nresume their attack.
Hypothese:
1)cannot maintain their pace and need a rest
2)cannot process the changing visual information and go blind to stop
Support 1 hypothese but undermine another one
A 不太确定  c

宋痂岛__

B
D
A
C
C

May97

占

echo-LUO

精练：
题目提供两个facts：Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals；
once humans become aware of these, they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties.
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.
好难，这道题没有看懂
这篇文章的结论是，人们必需要被包含已经了解的认知能力的事物取悦，所以包含两个条件，第一是become aware of，第二个是cognitive faculties。B选项就说明，除了cognitive faculties之外，其它的也可以带来愉悦

逻辑链
21. HELP
人类种植的we存在在欧洲和亚洲。但野生的ew唯一被发现在sa，且因为发现的最早的人类种植的ew也在这里，所以we就是在这里最早被改变成人类种植的东西

(A) The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated. 因为有很高的价值，所以人们才会种植？
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.为啥选...
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

22. HURT
造成so死亡的原因有两种，天敌或者疾病；但一些动物因为疾病死亡，且这些动物和so一样都很容易感染，所以得出结论，so更可能是因为疾病死亡
漏洞：容易感染不代表会感染。这个病毒可能无法在so生活的地方存在、so的食物可能可以解毒etc
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.距离远，所以不易传播

23. HELP
1978-1988，饮料罐垃圾越来越少，因为人们开始尝试回收铝罐和玻璃罐。但是尽管铝罐的回收范围更大，玻璃罐重量比铝罐重量减少的更快
原因：可能玻璃罐的单位重量更大啊，基数更小啊，玻璃罐更容易被收集啊etc
(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.生产商提供的玻璃瓶少了，自然产生的垃圾也少了
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.

24. HELP&HURT
tb可以快速捕捉猎物，但总是要在发动攻击前停顿。一种假说是tb很难保持高速的节奏，所以需要停顿来休息；一种假说是tb的视力需要适应剧烈的速度变化
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.说明第一能看到，第二，歇息是固定的，多半是累了
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.在昆虫不动的时候，也有固定的休息时间，并且之后加速，说明是因为看不到，而不是pace
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.