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1.
Human beings have cognitive faculties that are
superior to those of other animals, and once humans
become aware of these, they cannot be made happy
by anything that does not involve gratification of
these faculties.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
calls into question the view above?
———Bible Weaken Question Problem Set NO.1
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.
There is no relationship about other animals.
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.
It successfully points out the weak in the argument. Physical pleasures are not included in the cognitive ability. So it is the best answer.
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.
It does not call into question the view above.
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.
The same to C.
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.
Although the choice seems to be valid at first glance, a more thorough reveals that it does not hurt the argument above. For instance, if these athletes did not eat gourmet food previously, when they have the opportunity to enjoy gourmet food, they would love them naturally.
21.(28551-!-item-!-188;#058&003690)
Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia. Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) The present day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
There is no relationship with condition of the present day.
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
It does not solve the difference between wild emmer wheat and traditionally domestic strains.
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
There is no relationship with the nutrition of the wild emmer wheat.
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
It helps to prove that emmer wheat can survive during the long term. So it is the best answer.
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.
It weakens the argument.
22.(28829-!-item-!-188;#058&003748)
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline. There are two plausible explanations for the decline: predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease. Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
It is important for us to evaluate the argument, because if killer whales have not sufficient food, they will prey on otters. BA
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
It just tells us that the decline in the population of otters is not caused by their migration.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
It just reveals that the population of otters has declined.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
It just shows that the result of the decline in the population of otters.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.
It does not help to weaken the argument.
23.(29107-!-item-!-188;#058&003854)
From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States. The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline. However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?
(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
Although the choice seems to be valid at first glance, a more thorough analysis reveals that if there is less glass recycled or if there is more aluminum recycled, the argument cannot be justified.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
It does not help solve the contradiction.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
Because weight of plastic containers is much less than that of glass containers, the choice is sufficient for us to solve the contradiction. BA
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
Actually, this choice makes the argument more contradictory.
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.
There is no relationship with sorting.
24.(29155-!-item-!-188;#058&003857)
Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect. However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack. Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
Because the beetle does not stop, we know nothing about the reason why the beetle would stop during prey.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
It helps to demonstrate that the beetles can see their prey, but does not prove that the pause is due to blind or rest.
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
It helps to demonstrate that the pause is caused by rest, rather than blind. BA
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
We only know the result of pauses, rather than the reason.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
It helps to demonstrate that the beetles can see their prey, but does not prove that the pause is due to blind or rest.
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发表于 2012-10-6 13:13:28
tter---decline, reason1:predation or disease, reason2:more likely disease
