【逻辑链}】 1.sentence completion (A)last several years---irrelevant (B)irrelevant (C)link the backgroud to the conclusion (D)irrelevant (E)do not rule out the situation that many European manufacturers will capture much of American market in the future
2.assumption premise:The lung function of smokers is significantly worse than that of nonsmokers. The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function. conclusion: one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals. strengthen: the vitamins and minerals intaked can be sent to the bloodstream smoothly. (A) irrelevant (B) contrary to the background (C) irrelevant (D) irrelevant (E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.---hit the point 否定加强
3.boldface (E) the 2nd BF is the evident conclusion
4.evaluation (A) uranium is being depleted---- demand surpass supply---the price rises (B) irrelevant (C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater----whether these advances will be used in the extracting industry? we don't know (D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land---do not point out the relationship between demand and supply (E) irrelevant
精炼 weaken power lost in long run without responsibility--->company should behave responsibly ... B
1 00:32 blank C
2 00:52 assumption vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream can make better lung function--->smokers should intake more food with vitamins and minerals E
3 01:17 bold face A错误了……E正确
4 00:42 evaluate only when the cost reduce, method of obtaining is viable C错误~答案A~貌似我不太懂evaluate的题肿么想吖
29 Speaker: Contemporary business firms need to recognize that avoiding social responsibility leads to the gradual erosion of power. This is Davis and Blomstrom’s Iron Law of Responsibility: “In the long run, those who do not use power in a manner which society considers responsible will tend to lose it.” The law’s application to human institutions certainly stands confirmed by history. Though the “long run” may require decades or even centuries in some instances, society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it is not being used responsibly. Therefore, a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly. Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the speaker’s argument? (A) Government institutions are as subject to the Iron Law of Responsibility as business institutions. (B) Public relations programs can cause society to consider an institution socially responsible even when it is not.（公共关系计划能够让社会觉得企业是具备社会责任感的，即使企业其实没有社会责任感） (C) The power of some institutions erodes more slowly than the power of others, whether they are socially responsible or not. (D) Since no institution is eternal, every business will eventually fail. (E) Some businesses that have used power in socially responsible ways have lost it.
背景：In the long run, those who do not use power in a manner which society considers responsible will tend to lose it 条件：Though the “long run” may require decades or even centuries in some instances, society thinks it is not being used responsibly 结论：Therefore, a firm should act responsibly if it wants to retain its power 推测：社会认为是有责任的，是否跟公司的价值观一样？或者有什么反例？ 选E，举出反例，即使具备了社会责任，仍然是失败的 应该选B，提出了一种即使社会不进行社会工作，但是通过Public Relation也能让人觉得具备社会责任，就削弱了题目中的一定要act responsibly，E应该是迷惑项，提出act responsibly也会失败，wishing to retain的意思与retaining the power是否完全相同？想要保持权利与保持权利？
30 Which of the following most logically completes the argument? United States manufacturers currently produce most of the world's solar-power generators--most of which are exported to Europe. However, European manufacturers are emerging and probably will ultimately capture much of the European market. The United States government is funding initiatives intended to encourage use of solar power within the United States. If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels, since __________. (A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years (B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did (C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States (D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe (E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited 背景：US manufacturers produce most of the world’s solar-power generators-most of which are exported to Europe 条件：US government is funding initiatives intended to encourage use of solar power within the US 结论：If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the US, US will maintain significant production levels 推测：the demand of US is same to the demand of Europe? 选E，现在的美国的太阳能市场比较小，如果这些激励能够成功，扩大了市场，那么manufacturers就能继续生产那么多太阳能了 选C，初始想法是“美国现在的市场小，如果美国的激励能使国人更多的使用solar power，市场大了，即使推出欧洲市场，也能保持现在的生产量”，但是题目的切入点应该是US和Europe的相似，美国海外↓（欧洲的生产商在欧洲本地有优势）+美国本土（美国生产商在美国也有优势，通过initiatives找到的）↑=美国生产持平。而且E未必是如我所想的，所以C更加好。
31 背景：The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person’s lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second 条件：The lung function of smokers is worse than that of the nonsmokers. 结论：Smokers should increase their intake of vitamins and minerals 推测：Lung function is measured only by the amount of air the person can expel and only intake of vitamins and minerals can develop the lung function 选E，吸烟的人不会因为吸烟或吸收进某些阻碍身体吸收维他命和矿物质的化学物质
32 背景：Analyses revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragments’ entry 条件：The fragments did not contain sulfur but many astronomers believed that the cloud layer below Jupiter’s outer atmosphere dose contain sulfur 结论：some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter’s outer atmosphere without burned up 推测： 选A 答案好像选E 33 背景：Most of the world’s supply of uranium currently comes from mines 条件：The cost of extracting uranium from seawater is greater than the price of uranium 结论：The method is unlikely to be commercially viable 推测：技术是否提升，或者提取的过程中还有副产品？ 选C，与extract uranium from seawater有关 应该选A，如果陆地上面的uranium没有了，怎么都要开采seawater中的uranium了；C的话，就算技术提升了，是否技术的使用令extraction简单了，但是价钱也没有降低，仍然要开采land的。
1、52s weaken premise society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it is not being used responsibly. ? conclusion Therefore, a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly. 推测 even the business act responsibly , other factors will affect its power 选项分析 A government 无关 B 正确答案 C无关比较 D 无关 E 无关
2、58s explanation premise(推测） USis a big market conclusion United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels 选项分析 A、无关 B、无关比较 C、无关 D、以 欧洲解释美国 正确答案 E、做错 刚好解释反了
3、29s 假设题 premise The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function conclusion one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals. 推测 the vitamin in the smokers bloodstream is loww 选项分析 A、无关比较 B、无关C、其他疾病 无关 D、无关比较 E、正确
4、30s 答案E
5、29s ｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ premise ｔｈｅ ｃｏｓｔ ｉｓ ｇｒｅａｔ conclusion until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable. 推测 uranium 已经没有了 选项分析 Ａ正确答案 Ｂ 无关 Ｃ无关 Ｄ无关比较 Ｅ无关比较
47s premise: a law of responsibility tell us in the long run power is close related with responsibility conclusion: Business which want to retain its power must take responsibilitiy.
weaken: other reasons may affect power in the long run B
4. 【精练】Premise: In the long run, those who do not use power in a manner which society considers responsible will tend to lose it Conclusion: a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly. Weaken: does not necessarily have to act resposibly a. irrelevant b. irrelevant correct c. irrelevant d. irrelevant e. correct irrelevant 【逻辑链】1.Background: European manufacturers are emerging and probably will ultimately capture much of the European market. Premise: the demand for spg increases in the US Conclusion: US manufactures will probably maintain significant production levels Strengthen: the increase is at least as much as the decrease in the European market./ the emerging manufactures in Europe will not export to the US. a. irrelevant b. irrelevant c. correct d. irrelevant e. irrelevant 2. 【前提和结论到底怎么分】Premise: increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals. Conclusion: improve the lung functions Assumption: smoking will not destroy the vitamins and minerals a. weaken b. this is conclusion c. irrelevant d. irrelevant e. correct 3. premise.background—conclusion a. not a circumstance b. not against c. not against d. not against e. correct 4.Premise: the cost of xxs from seawater s greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market Conclusion: until the cost of xxx from seawater can be reduced, this method is unlikely to be commercially viable Evaluate: the price of u will rise or not a. correct b. irrelevant c. irrelevant d. irrelevant e. irrelevant
(1)P:comtemperary business companies need to recognize their social responsibility otherwise they will end with the gradual erosion of power. C:a business company that want to retain its power as long as possible must act responsibly. Weaken: other factors may lead to the failure of these companies. 修正思路：预测需要针对Conclusion，原文说要长久需act responsibly，weaken就需要说明要长久，不一定需要act responsibly.(即条件型结论，长久－>负责，预测答案为当必要条件，即负责，不成立时，充分条件成立，即长久，仍然成立) Answer: B A.irrelevant ------ the topic of the argument is business companies not government institutions. B.Correct ------- the institution that is not socially responsible is able to retain it power since some public relations programs make people think it is a responsible one. C.Irrelevant ------the comparison is pointless. D.Irrelevant ------ has no sense on the argument E.Irrelevant (容易误选) ------ attack the reversal of the conclusion
(2)P:US manufactures currently most of the world’s SYG, most of which are exported to Eu. :Eu will ultimately capture much of the Eu market. :US is encouraging the use of SYG in US. C:if the plan is successful, US manufactures will probably maintain their production level Assumption: the market in US is as large as that in Eu Answer:C A.Irrelevant B.Irrelevant C.Correct D.irrelevant E.Weaken
(3)P:higher level of certain vitamin & minerals in the bloodstream, better a person’s lung function :the lung function: smokers<nonsmokers Cne way to improve the smoker’s lung function is to increase the intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamin & minerals. Assumption: these kind of nutrition in the food can be absorbed into the bloodstream Answer: E A.Irrelevant B.irrelevant C.Irrelevant D.irrelevant E.correct
(4)P:the study revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragment’s entry to Jupiter’s atmosphere :the fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astro. believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter’s outer atmosphere contain sulfur. C: Since sulfur can seep into the outer atmosphere if the fragments enter the cloud layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up. Boldface Answer: E A.First: wrong; second: wrong B.First: wrong; second: right C.Both are wrong D.First: right; second: wrong E.correct
(5)P:most of U comes from mine. There is a way to extract U from seawater, but cost of extraction is higher than the price U is sold. C: the extraction of U from seawater is unlikely to be commercially viable until the cost of extraction can reduced. Evaluation: is there any other reason to make the plan viable? Answer: A A.Irrelevant correct B.Irrelevant C.Correct irrelevant (等于重复了必要条件，其实表达的还是原文的价格问题？) D.Irrelevant E.irrelevant
Question 1: Background: D&B Law Premise: Though the “long run” may require decades or even centuries in some instances, society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it is not being used responsibly. Conclusion: a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly If we can prove that even the business act responsibly, it cannot retain its power as long as it can ? A. Unrelated b. Unrelated C. Unrelated; It is not talking about the speed D. Unrelated; it did not connect the responsibly and power E. Correct Question 2: Premise: US are losing Europe market because of local producer; US govern encourage use of solar power within the US Because …, so US will probably maintain significant production levels. (because the demand from US local person increased while the lost of Europe market) A. Unrelated B. Unrelated C. Correct. Take the advantage of location D. Unrelated. We are talking about US E. Weaken; it cannot support the conclusion Question 3: Premise: higher Certain vitamins and minerals, better lung function Lung functions of smokers worse than that of nonsmokers Conclusion: for smokers to improve lung is to eat food contain vitams and minerals
Ask for assumption (support) A. Unrelated B. Unrelated C. Unrelated; we did not talk about other health problems D. Unrelated E. Correct: If it is not correct, the conclusion is not correct.
Question 4: A
Question 5: Premise: uranium comes from mines; too expensive to extract uranium from seawater Conclusion: the method is unlikely to be commercially viable until the cost reduced
Evaluation: A. Correct. If answers is Yes, the conclusion is not wrong B. Unrelated C. Unrelated D. Unrelated E. Unrelated
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2011-12-30 20:54:40
:Eu will ultimately capture much of the Eu market.
ne way to improve the smoker’s lung function is to increase the intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamin & minerals.