【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-4】

yiko7

谢谢楼主！

Mint静默

1.
1)  计时：54s
2) Premise:
In the long run, those who do not use power in a manner which society considers responsible will tend to lose it. The “long run” may require decades or even centuries in some instances.
Conclusion：
A business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.
3) 推测(Weaken)：
一个公司可能存活不了decades就倒闭了，所以不存在reduce power的问题
4) 选项分析：
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.
Irrelevant
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.
Correct
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.
无关比较
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.
感觉和我推测的略像，但是是错的
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.
反premise，错

kid381

7/7/13
2-4
116 45’’
Be responsible to the society is the duty of a firm. Do not fulfilling the respect of society will leading firm to lose power in the long time. Though we do not know how long exactly it is, the day of losing power will come for those firm that do less CSR behaviors.
Weaken: generally, a firm has bankrupts for other reasons before the long time condemn comes (B, my thoughts fit D, but D do not weaken the argument, B shows that firm can achieve its object without doing CSR behaviors).
117 45’’
U.S. solar-power industries currently exports most of products to Europe, but the European local manufacturers are growing up and one day they will reclaim the euro market. So U.S. government encourages internal market because: the U.S. firms can at least have locality advantage in their home country (goes for C, coz it really fits my prediction).
118 35’’
High level of vitamins and minerals, then better lung function. Better-off lung function means the amount of air the person can expel in one second. Smokers generally have worse lung function, so the best way to improve it is eat more healthy food.
Assumption: it is the healthy food really that leads to better lung function not the reverse process (strengthen the causal relationship) (E. weaken the causality).
119 boldface 120’’
Goes for A.
120 28’’
Uranium currently comes from mines, to extract uranium from seawater is possible but it is too expensive to cover the costs, so the only chance to utilize this method is to wait for the decreased costs.
Evaluate: Does the Uranium extracted from seawater have a different chemical composition, which is valuable for doing something, as that comes from mines (stress the value of seawater uranium)? A. people have to endure high cost because they deplete deposits of uranium on land.

airsty1020

1.
not use power considered responsible--> lost the power
retain power<--must act responsibly

w:即使act responsibly ,也lost the power. other factors affect people decision
B: responsible caused by PR program, affect people tell responsible or not
so rensponsible x direct affect power

2.
us solar-europe market
europe solar emerge & capture europe market
US gov encourage solar--if succeeed, us maintain production level

since: US & EURO 链接 us market demand = original europe demand

C:US M IN US enjoy same competitive ad


3.
high v & m -->better lung
smoker lung worse than nonsmoker
improve lung <-- intake food rich in v&m

Assum:food works
E:smoking not prevent v&m entering bloodstream
(conclusion是food有效提升lung, 只说smoker/nonsmoker的lung对比，与diet food无关）

4.
1) study finding, and astronomer contrast opinion
2) reason
c

5.
u from m; u possible from s with higher cost
--> from s cost reduce, this method to be viable

e:is it enough u from m; if no m, s have to from s
A

可可真可爱

Thxxxxxxxxxxxx

Elisha728

balapupu 发表于 2011-11-22 21:28
answer keys:4.This problem is similar in form to the carpet market problem. The conclusionappears at ...

8'55
BCEEA

all correct

m1nt

1.        55’ 汗，好难懂的
Pre: Though the “long run” may require decades or even centuries in some instances, society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it is not being used responsibly
Con: a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.
Weaken:

2.        20’
Pre: US exported solar power generators to Euro, Euro capture European market now, US government encourage solar use in US
Con: If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels
Support
A E Weaken,  
C right
B D 无关

3.        20’
Pre: higher level of vitamin, better lung
Con: smokers have worse lung, can improve by intake foods that are rich in vitamin
Assumption: Smoke wont hurt the intake of vitamin in the food

4.            
Pre: The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur
Con: it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.

5.        20’
Pre: Extract U from seawater, cost is higher
Con: until the cost can be reduced, this method is not able to commercially viable
Weaken: other reason to consider to use it

enkyklios

------------------

lyrsilvia

B CEEA
1. 40'
P: In the long run, those who do not use power in a manner which society considers responsible will tend to lose it.  society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it is not being used responsibly
C: a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.
Weaken: business need power for a short time?
答案：B
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the Iron Law of Responsibility as business institutions.-----government institutions are not discussed
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to consider an institution socially responsible even when it is not.-------means business need not to act responsibly, but just act like responsibLy. correct
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more slowly than the power of others, whether they are socially responsible or not.---------------有erode就必须retain,不管是more slowly
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business will eventually fail.-----------whether business will fall is irrelevant to the retain of their power
(E) Some businesses that have used power in socially responsible ways have lost it.----------some businesses are not the case.

2. 40'
P: European manufactures capture the european market. US is encouraging use of solar power within the US. If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in US
C: US manufacturers will maintain significant production levels
Since: US manufacturers can enjoy the US market as well
答案：C
(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years------------what the past was is irrelevant
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did----------efficiency about the product is not discussed
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States-------------correct
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe--------------European governments do=US must do? what European governments do does not affect the US market
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited----------market is limited≠demand limited, and even the initiatives success, it does not guarantee US manufactures maintain production levels.

3. 27'
P: the higher level of certain vitamins and minerals, the better lung function.
C: increase intake of foods that are rich in helpful vitamins and minerals will improve lung function
Assumption: the intake is effective, the helpful vitamins will be use effectively
答案：E
(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.--------smokers do what is not related to the plan
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.------------smoker VS nonsmokers, not the case, we are comparing the smokers situation
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.-----------other health problems are not discussed
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.-----------stop smoke VS diet, not the case or the comparison
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.-------------correct

4. 38'
P: fragments contained no sulfur, layer below J's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur. unprecedented traces  of sulfur after the fragments' entry
C: the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through J's outer atmosphere
BOLDFACE: evidence & conclusion
答案：E
(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.-----the first is not a circumstance, circumstance in this case should be the unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragments' entry.
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.------------"weighs against" is not correct
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.-------------"weigh against"
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.-----------the second is not "weigh against"
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.-------------correct

5. 22'
P: cost of extract uranium  from seawater is too high
C: until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater be reduced, the method is unlikely to be commercially viable.
Evaluate: cost is the only factors? uranium from mines will deplete in the future?
答案：A
(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted--------correct
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined--------where the uranium is used is irrelevant
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater-------------still means that the cost should be reduced
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land------------total amount is not related to the cost
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater---------the comparison between freshwater and the seawater is meaningless.

suiqiji206

P: don’t use power in a manner which society considers responsible ---lose power
C: business , retain power---act responsibily
B is correct

P: US produce S,most of which is exported to EU ; EU begins to produce S ; US increasing the demand
C: US will maintain production
Cis correct

P: vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream----- a person's lung function; The lung function of smokers is significantly worse
C: one way for smokers to improve their lung function is to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.
E

E

P: extracting uranium from seawater costs greater
C: until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.
A