【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-4】

Jane412

1。[support]time：31''
premise: these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in us
conclusion: us will maintain significant production levels


premise:  欧洲本国生产商占领欧洲市场-------》美国送往欧洲的能源需求下降
               要想保证美国生产水平不受影响，加大本国的能源使用《------------------美国本土的使用量能够弥补欧洲市场下降的使用量


(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years
-------------------------------------------------无关选项。
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did
------------------------------------------------能源转化效率和使用量题目中没有涉及，irrelevant
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States
-------------------------------------------------correct。本国市场有竞争力，那么就能保持水平
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe
-------------------------------------------------只能得出美国能源在欧洲市场使用量受损，但和美国本土使用量无关。irrelevant
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited
--------------------------------------------------weaken。市场受限，那么生产水平会下降。


2.[support]
time：27''
premise: vitamins and minerals are good for lung function
premise: lung function of smokers is worse than that of nonsmokers
premise: increase intake of foods that are full of vitamins and minerals
conclusion: the lung function of smokers will be improved


prephrase: 这招儿适用于所有人包括吸烟这种情况。吸烟不会对营养的吸收造成负作用。


(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.
-----------------------weaken。smokers不吃这些食物，肺功能应该是worse
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.
-----------------------irrelevant。这个是说吸烟对肺功能有好处了。
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.
-----------------------irrelevant。这里是说这类食物和其他疾病的关系了。
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.
-----------------------irrelevant。这里是说吸烟和肺功能下降的关系了。
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.
-----------------------------------correct。


3.
time：57''
prephrase: 科学家想知道这些fragment的大小，然后研究发现了sulfur出现
                fragment本身没有sulfur，但是out atmosphere下面的云层有硫磺。---------------》premise
                 云层穿透后硫磺会沉入外层大气。
                 some fragments were large enough blabla-----------------》conclusion


(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
-----------解释不通
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
-----------二者是前提和结论的关系
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
-----------不对。第一个不是反驳。第二个是结论
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
-------------第二个是结论
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
--------------correct


这类holdface题是不是自己事先把逻辑关系理顺了，就像我前面prephrase那样？




4。[support]
premise：大部分的uranium从mines中提取
premise: 从seawater中提取uranium的成本＞市场上的卖价
premise：海水提取的成本不下降
conclusion：这种海水提取uranium的方法没有经济价值


prephrase：还有别的因素影响是否使用这种方法


A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted
----------------------correct。陆上uranium量不多了，那么不论成本，海水方法都要使用了
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined
----------------------结论和mine无关。irrelevant
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater
---------------------这个不知道怎么解释排除。。。
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land
----------------------无关
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater
-----------------------------------无关

qiuhua01234567

占位先，我今天等了一个白天了- -
1weaken 44S

Premise：Though the “long run” may require decades or even centuries in some instances, society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it is not being used responsibly.

Conclusion：a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.

A)Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.

-----------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.

------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.

---------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.

---------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.

---------------------------------------------------------correct

2.25Sassumption

Background: United States manufacturers currently produce most of the world's solar-power generators--most of which are exported to Europe
.  However, European manufacturers are emerging and probably will ultimately capture much of the European market.
Ways: funding initiatives intended to encourage use of solar power within the United States

Conclusion: United States
manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels


(A) some United States
manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States
is very limited
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.
3.27Sassumption

Background: The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second.  The lung function of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that of nonsmokers

Premise: increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals

Conclusion: smokers to improve their lung function
(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a little weaken
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent.
(D) Stopping smoking will anot typically improve lung function more than any diaet changes can.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct

445S blodface

(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct

5.evalution 25S

Premise：It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market.

Conclusion：until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.



(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater

balapupu

1.[1'12']
P：speaker：Company avoid using responsibility will tend to lose its power.-->B and D law prove that "in the long run, this statement is right.-->Though may require a long time to prove,the society will reduce the power of the company that take responsibility.
C:A company wants to retain its power must take responsibility.
Weaken: there are other measures that company can improve the losing power that result from not taking responsibility.
A:
A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.-->support
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.-->the passage mainly about the already lost responsibility.[e..又是攻击点想偏了。。]
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.-->irrelevant comparison.
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.-->even the statement is right,have is still  better than have not, no weaken.
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.-->R

balapupu

明天该我了，好激动啊~
占位~~~今天又阴天，情绪小低落~

----------------------------------------分界线------------------------------------------------------
精练-----------1min----------------weaken
B: According to B of D's law, the business will loss power unless it recognizes the social responsibility.
P: The society will reduce the business' power if it thinks the business does not act responsibly.
C: So the business can retain its power as long as it acts responsibly.
Prephrase: the social responsibility is vary based on different opinions and thoughts of people.
                  Other reasons can also affect the business' power.

Analysis:
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.
------------------------------------------government institutions is not mentioned in the passage. so this is irrelevant.
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.
------------------------------------------public relations programs affect the society to change the standard of social responsibility. This can be a contender.
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.
------------------------------------------the conclusion talks about the act of socially responsible will determine the power of business, but the choice here makes a comparison between socially responsible business and non-socially responsible business. This doesn't weaken the conclusion.
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.
-----------------------------------------this can be a support choice.
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.
------------------------------------------举出一个范例说明即使是遵循了social responsibility，也还是会loss power。

齐擦擦又错了~~不知道是B还是E？倾向于B，但觉得B有点过于局限性--因为说了public relation programs.那其他的呢？还是我想多了？


分析：
B：If a public relations program can
cause society to think an institution is socially responsible even when it is not,
then an institution that wishes to retain power could act irresponsibly and then
get a public relations firm to cover up the activities.----这么说看来是我想多了，这个选项本身用了一种假设的情况，所以依照这种假设情况就已经可以weaken了~~


E: As you learned from the discussion of answer choice (C) of the carpet market question, attacking the Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion does not hurt the conclusion. However, this answer is attractive because not only does it address elements of the conclusion, it also appears as the final answer choice. A test taker who did not like any of the earlier answers would find this answer quite attractive.
----~~原来B-->非A，是不可以weaken A--〉B的，不知道是不是这样理解的？
The answer states that even though some businesses acted responsibly (AR), they did not retain power (RP).谁能给解释一下上面的reversal of the conclusion? 用AR的business还是有可能会loss power的，不明白怎么reversal了？


This relationship can be diagrammed as:
WRP = business wish(es) to retain power as long as possible
AR = act responsibly
WRP AR

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/22 22:46:24)

糊糊，我觉得这里指的是3题的迷惑项和这一道题的迷惑项性质是一样的，都叫做：
Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion, and so the attack is made on a
statement that uses the same terms as the conclusion but puts them in
a different relationship（这一部分是我从第3题的解释中摘过来的）

原来B-->非A，是不可以weaken A--〉B的，不知道是不是这样理解的？
对于这两道题的陷阱方式，我觉得是可以这么理解的，但是我觉得GMAT考试木有这么难，是不是这种思路在GMAT中就应该算是weaken?

balapupu

1.[26s]
P:US export solar energy to the European-->European solar companies are now garbing the market-->US company should divert its point to the US market-->it will help US solar energy company maintain high market level.
Reason:the US market is not fully developed and much larger than the European market.
A:
(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years-->last year can not guarantee the future.
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did-->irrelevant with the efficiency.
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States-->not explain the conclusion.
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe-->the conclusion is about the US.
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited-->R
[OMG...这道题也错了，谁能给我解释解释，就是因为现在市场小，所以才能说将来的市场前景广阔啊。。。]

2.[30s]
P:higher vitamins and minerals intake-->better lung function.==>nonsmokers-->better lung function.
C:in order to help smokers to maintain better lung function,we should encourage them to take more vitamins and minerals.
assumption:people will not prefer eat Vitamins and minerals because their better lung function.
A:
(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.-->if weaken, not attack the conclusion.
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.-->repeat the statement in the passage.
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.-->irrelevant with other health problems.
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.-->no mention stopping smoking
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.-->R

4.[25s]
P:word's supply of U come form mines-->we can extract the U from the sea water-->however, the cost is expensive.-->it is much cheaper than just purchase on the world market.
C：It is unlikely to extract the U from the sea water unless the cost is decreased.
evaluate: whether the world market price of the U will increase.
A:
(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted-->R
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined->irrelevant with the location.
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater-->the conclusion is mainly about the cost.
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land--> irrelevant withe the U amount.
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater
-->irrelevant with the location.

winghyy

1. 52S-weaken
Premise:A businees that do not take responsibility will lose its power.Because in xx, it is written that in the long run, those who do
not act responsibly will tend to lose the power.
Conclusion:if a business wants to retain its power, it must act reponsibly.
Prephase:a business can retain its power without acting reponsibly.
E
又错了，让我细细看一下解释吧。。。

corneliaflower

精炼题还在研究中  明天发~

prep07   忘计时了

1 background:US produce solar power and the most exported to the Europe
 premise:
 1 Europe manafacture now can capture the whole European market
 2 US government encourage use solar power within US
 conclusion: the US prodution will remain the same
reason:C

2 background: as measured by the amount of the air expelling in one second, a higher lever of vitamin and minerals person has better lung funvtion
premise:smoker's lung function is worse than non-smokers
conclusion: to improve the smoker's function, they should eat more food contain vitamin and minerals
assumption:E

3 方向相同 第二句是结论（分析的好简单...）
 E

4 premise: uranium comes from the market are cheaper than from seawater
 conclusion: we will not use this method until a way can reduce the cost underway
evaluation:A

大家都分析的好详细  (⊙o⊙)…

fox0923

糊糊，我觉得这里指的是3题的迷惑项和这一道题的迷惑项性质是一样的，都叫做：
Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion, and so the attack is made on a
statement that uses the same terms as the conclusion but puts them in
a different relationship（这一部分是我从第3题的解释中摘过来的）

原来B-->非A，是不可以weaken A--〉B的，不知道是不是这样理解的？
对于这两道题的陷阱方式，我觉得是可以这么理解的，但是我觉得GMAT考试木有这么难，是不是这种思路在GMAT中就应该算是weaken?

bala，就是说把关系倒过来了是不能weaken的，但是不是也有一种情况是A--〉B，然后如果选项由非B--〉非A，好像就是加强还是什么的。记得以前看XDF笔记还是CDers说得，但是这个方法是不是只适用于support而不是weaken？

fox0923

精炼题：
premise: society ultimately acts to reduce power when it is not being used responsibly.
Conclusion: a business wishes to retain its power as long as it can act responsibly.

B.无关，公共关系计划不是business

-- by 会员 chensong211 (2011/11/22 22:32:47)

我跟chensong，熊熊的感觉都一样，上来就irrelevant排出了，没想到是陷阱。可是下次再给我一道题我可能又这么做了。

fox0923

1.[26s]
P:US export solar energy to the European-->European solar companies are now garbing the market-->US company should divert its point to the US market-->it will help US solar energy company maintain high market level.
Reason:the US market is not fully developed and much larger than the European market.
A:
(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years-->last year can not guarantee the future.
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did-->irrelevant with the efficiency.
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States-->not explain the conclusion.
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe-->the conclusion is about the US.
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited-->R
[OMG...这道题也错了，谁能给我解释解释，就是因为现在市场小，所以才能说将来的市场前景广阔啊。。。]

我觉得这篇文章不是在说国内市场大小对未来的影响，而是在说两个比较。
1--提到了背景信息，US produces solar power generator出口到欧洲，但是欧洲自己本身的manufactures已经出现并会在未来占领欧洲市场。
2--然后说US开始在本国鼓励solar power generator use.如果这个计划成功，US也会有提高production.
问原因？
那么很显然，US是认为他们本国的manufactures也会像欧洲manufactures一样开始emerging并占领美国市场。
但是E说现在的市场狭小，我反而觉得有weaken的嫌疑，狭小的话，还怎么吸引US manufactures?