【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-4】

啊云苏苏

1-4-1-weaken
1)计时：1.13.87
2）逻辑链：
-Backgrounds
iron law of responsibility stands confirmed by history
-Premise
long run,society utimately acts to reduce its power
-Conclusion
contemporary business firms that wish to retain their power as long as possible must act responsibly.
3）Prephrase
时间太长，公司已经倒闭了；产品质量很高，人们忽略了责任（应该是 wish to retain power的公司并没有履行责任）
4)选项分析：
A support
B bingo
C irrelevant,只要erode就可以了，与speed无关
D out of scope,说的是as long as
E 举了一个反面例子（要WRP的公司就必须AR，但是AR的公司是不是绝对全部可以WRP是不确定的）
BE不确定

1-4-2-complete
1)计时：45.25
2）逻辑链：
-Backgrounds
AM produce many SPG and export these to E,but EM are emerging and capture much of the E market.
-Premise
AG encourages use of SPG in A.
-Conclusion
if these initiatives increase the demand of SPG in A,Am will maintain production level
3）Prephrase
要抢占美国市场
4)选项分析：
A 重复了题目吧
B irrelevant
C bingo！！！
D irrelevant
E irrelevant，题目说的是将来时，前提是市场需求量已经上涨了

1-4-3-assumption
1)计时：41.73
2）逻辑链：
-P1
血液中的V和M有利于lung function
-P2
smoking不利于lung function
-Conclusion
increase V&M,smokers can improve their lung function
3）Prephrase
the level of V&M in smokers' bloodsteam  is lower
4)选项分析：
A bingo（错，与结论相反）
B opposite
C irrelevant，和其他病无关
D 无法推断
E opposite（对，结论的前提是“吸烟并不会产生阻碍吸收V&M的物质，所以吸烟者可以通过多吃这些食物来提高血液中的V&M，从而提高肺功能）

1-4-4-boldface（第一次做这种题型，看了好久）
1)计时：1.19.62
2）逻辑链：
-Backgrounds
comet broke into fragments before entering J's atmosphere,but people did not know the fragements' size.In order to know this,people analyses its outer  atmosphere，revealed sulfur after the entry
-P1
碎片本身不含S，但有人认为云层含S
-P2
（因为如果碎片进入了云层，S就可能渗入外部大气层）
有些碎片足够大，以至于穿过外层都还没有燃烧尽
3）Prephrase
A是B成立的前提
4)选项分析：
A Yes
B no
C no
D no
E no
错了，应该选E（前面有一位解释的很好，“背景有时候会和前提很像，但背景推不出结论，前提可以”，所以这里该选E而不是A）

1-4-5-determine
1)计时：39.82
2）逻辑链：
-B
most of U comes from mines.
-P
Also can extract U from seawater but the cost is higher.
-Conclusion
在从海水里提取U的成本下降之前，这个方法都不能用于商业
4)选项分析：
A irrelevant（mine用尽，那么无论成本如何，都必须从海水里提取）
B irrelevant
C bingo！！（错了，very attractive啊~但就算成本降了，也是海陆都可用哇，显然A更有力）
D irrelevant
E 成本一样的话不如直接从海水提取呗
错了，应该选A

今天连错三题好尤桑，果然不能轻敌！不过好多题型都是第一次见，错了也可以接受！而且最后都理解了~好开心~boldface、evaluate、assumption得系统的看看，有点虚

Geranium_Bayy

（做错）4. Speaker: Contemporary business firms need to recognize that avoidingsocial responsibility leads to the gradual erosion of power. This is Davis andBlomstrom’s Iron Law of Responsibility: “In the long run, those who do not usepower in a manner which society considers responsible will tend to lose it.”The law’s application to human institutions certainly stands confirmed by history. Though the“long run” may require decades or even centuries in some instances, societyultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it is not being used responsibly. Therefore, a business thatwishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.
Which one of the following statements, if true,most weakens the speaker’s argument?

38'' 逻辑链：公司久了，就忘记社会责任了，power也erosion了。 所以如果要保证权利就一定要有责任感。

削弱：公司久了也不会忘记社会责任感
(A)Government institutions are as subject to the Iron Law of Responsibility asbusiness institutions. 无关
(B) Public relations programs can cause society toconsider an institution socially responsible even when it is not.correct
(C) The power of some institutions erodes moreslowly than the power of others, whether they are socially responsible or not.错选了。文章逻辑链是noresponsibility ——powererosion. 这里谈到了erosion的speed。可是不管erosion的速度快还是慢，他都是erode了啊
(D) Since no institution is eternal, everybusiness will eventually fail. 无关
(E) Somebusinesses that have used power in socially responsible ways have lost it.分析下句子语法就知道不对。Somebusinesses （thathave used power in socially responsible ways）have lost it= some businesses have lost it.
---bible-weaken

1、Which of the following most logically completesthe argument?
United States manufacturers currently producemost of the world's solar-power generators--most of which are exported toEurope.  However, European manufacturers are emerging and probablywill ultimately capture much of the European market.  The UnitedStates government is funding initiatives intended to encourage use of solar powerwithin the United States.  If these initiatives succeed in increasingthe demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United Statesmanufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels, since__________.

38’’ 逻辑链：美国制造商出口太阳能到欧洲。但是欧洲制造商最终会占据市场。美国制造商推出了创新。如果创新成功，会激励太阳能的使用，提高产量。

解释：1、讲创新/美国制造商的好处。或者说欧洲制造商某点不如美国制造商，而且这是至关重要的一点。

2、还有不计其数的好处啦~
(A) some United States manufacturers have beensubstantially increasing their output over the last several years 无关
(B) theefficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun intoelectric power is not improving as fast as it once did 削弱
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certaincompetitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in theUnited States  correct文中提到的是productionlevel，不是export level，所以不一定得是在欧洲占据市场。
(D)European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the useof solar power within Europe 削弱
(E) thecurrent market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited无关

2.prep 07-14.   
The higher the level of certain vitamins andminerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measuredby the amount of air the person can expel in one second.  The lungfunction of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that ofnonsmokers.  Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve theirlung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich inthese helpful vitamins and minerals.
Which of the following is an assumption on whichthis argument depends?

24’’ 逻辑链：维他命和矿物质能够增强肺功能。肺功能是通过肺活量来判断的。吸烟的人的肺功能比非吸烟者的要差。所以非吸烟者要多吃富含矿物质和维他命的食物。

前提：1、吸烟损害肺功能的速度要小于吃维他命矿物质的速度

2、吸烟不会阻止维他命和矿物质进入血管（题设）
(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers tohave diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals. 无关，nonsmokers 还是吃了
(B) Thelung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals isgenerally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets. 削弱
(C)People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do nottypically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.无关
(D)Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any dietchanges can.

no more than 表示“仅仅”、“只有”(= only)，强调少；而 not more than 表示“不多于”、“至多”(= at most)。如：

吸烟和吃富含的食物平均不会造成损害。那么既没有损失也没有好处。无关
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the bodychemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering thebloodstream. Correct

3.prep 07-15.   
Astronomer: Observationsof the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed thatthe comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994,but they did not show how big those fragments were.  In hopes of gainingsome indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analysesof Jupiter's outer atmosphere.  These analyses revealed unprecedentedtraces of sulfur after the fragments' entry.The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but manyastronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere doescontain sulfur. Since sulfur would have seeped into the outeratmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer,it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough tohave passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up. Inthe astronomer's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of thefollowing roles?
(A) The first presents a circumstance for whichthe astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of thatexplanation.
(B) Thefirst acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is thatconclusion.
(C) Thefirst acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of theargument; the second provides evidence insupport of that conclusion.
(D) Thefirst provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; thesecond acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support ofthe conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion. Correct

4.prep 07-16.   (27621-!-item-!-188;#058&003223)
Most of the world's supply of uranium currentlycomes from mines.  It is possible to extract uranium from seawater,but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on theworld market.  Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium fromseawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikelyto be commercially viable.
Which of the following would it be most usefulto determine in evaluating the argument?

23’’ 逻辑链：大部分U是从煤窑里面挖出来的。其实U也可以从海水里得到，但是花费要比第一种方法贵。因此，第二种方式价格如果不减少的话，那么第二种方法就永远不可实行。

评价：第二种方法贵or不贵（in the future & using some viable method）compared to 第一种方法。第一种方法贵or不贵（in the future & using some viable method）
(A)Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted  correct第一种方法贵or不贵。利用需求关系来解决
(B)Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined无关
(C)Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing thecost of extracting uranium from seawater 注意promise这个单词。表明不一定实现。因此把这句话确定或者拒绝，不能表示强烈的语气

(D)Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater thanthe total amount of uranium on land 无关，只要够用，人们就会用第一种方法
(E)Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the costof extracting it from seawater 提到新概念

fesche

P: ignore social responsibility will erode power
因：ignore social responsibility
果：lose power
who do not use power , the power society requires, will lose power
society acts to reduce power when society think it is not being use responsibly
因：who do not use power according to society response
果：lost power
因：power is not being used responsibly
果：society acts to reduce power

C: business want to run longer has to act responsibly

逻辑链：society 觉得如果power不被合理的用，会减少power
weaken
关系是不responsible就会lose power，总结是，要长久就要be responsible

A) Government institutions are as subject to the Iron Law of Responsibility as business institutions. — 长久没关
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to consider an institution socially responsible even when it is not.—成功无关
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more slowly than the power of others, whether they are socially responsible or not. — 对的
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business will eventually fail.—和responsible 无关
(E) Some businesses that have used power in socially responsible ways have lost it. — 与成功无关

US manufacture solar panel
panel sell to eu
eu is manufacturing panel, us will lose market
us is working on domestic market
C: will maintain production level
存在的gap：只在eu卖而没有在us卖。eu的不会侵占us的市场
E-C

BG: vitamin helps lung function by expelling more amount of air
P: smoker lung function worse than non smoker
C: smoker should take more vitamin
Assumption
对比function的时候两个组别V的吸入量是一致的
没有其他因素影响smoker的肺功能
smoking不会妨碍V的吸收
E
(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.

Astronomer: Observations of the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed that the comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994, but they did not show how big those fragments were.  In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere.  These analyses revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragments' entry. The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur. Since sulfur would have seeped into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
第二个是C，第一个是
E

U comes from mining
U can extract from seawater
cost is higher than market price
C: until extracting price reduce, unlikely extract from seawater
Evaluate
逻辑链：方法贵所以等到方法降才用
价格升高会不会即使方法贵也用
A

) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawa

hedyail

D4 今天对2错3，效果不好，好好分析！温习一下最开始的那些分类

精炼 WEAKEN
premise: the iron law "in the long run, those XX"is confirmed by history.
conclusion:
a business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.
business firms need to recognize avoiding responsibility leads to gradual erosion of power.
GUESS: history did not tell us.
T 34s
E d

A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions. -not related to government
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not. - not related
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.- not related, other institutions' power
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail. - not related to responsibility，虽然说了不是基业长青，但也不代表social responsibility没有用
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it. - right, 反例

逻辑链
1
BG: USA sell solar to europe now but EU are rising and will take the market.
PRE:USA government encourage using solar in US and it will increase demand +?
CON:US factories will maintain production level
T 34s
A 觉得答案都怪怪的  c

2 ASSUMPTION
PRE:VIT and min higher, lung function better. lung function for somoker worse.
CON:smoker can increase intake VIT and MIN to improve lung function
T 29s
E 无关选项排除ABD

3 BOLDFACE
PRE:want to gain indication of the fragement, analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere. Discover some facts "The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur. ".
CON:it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
T 53s
A e

4 EVALUATION (实际上就是S/W问题)
PRE:uranium mostly come from mines. There is a way to extract it from sea water, but the cost is higher.
CON:the way to extract uranium from sea water is unlikely viable unless the cost can be reduced
T 22s
A

JoeyNO1

1. Conclusion： the company must use the energy in a responsible in order to retain using it
     Weaken: the companies will continue to use the energy and will not obtain that regulation as well
50"
       E--> correct
  A--> government no direct involved in
B--> public relationship sometimes considered as the society responsibility even it is not---> no direct relevant
C--> not relevant
D-->not relevant
2. Conclusion: The UK's manufacturer began to realize the use of solar product might act as a threaten to the united states since mos of the US manufacturer out-port their goods to UK
C--> correct the United states manufacturer will found equally favor in own internal market
A--> the out put  will be declined
B--> the development of the technology no relevant
D--> that is the reason threaten the United states output not  increase them
E--> hesitate about this option
2. Conclusion: the smoker can improve their lung function by dieting certain food with the vet-amine
A-> comparison of the smoker and non-smoker's diet habit no relevant
B--> NON smoker with this diet will maintain better situation than those of the non-smoker lung function--> not in the text

宋痂岛__

B
C
E
E
A

rachelY

打卡3*
【精练】
4. Speaker: Contemporary business firms need to
recognize that avoiding social responsibility
leads to the gradual erosion of power. This is
Davis and Blomstrom’s Iron Law of
Responsibility: “In the long run, those who do
not use power in a manner which society
considers responsible will tend to lose it.” The
law’s application to human institutions
certainly stands confirmed by history. Though
the “long run” may require decades or even
centuries in some instances, society ultimately
acts to reduce power when society thinks it is
not being used responsibly. Therefore, a
business that wishes to retain its power as long
as it can must act responsibly.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
weakens the speaker’s argument?
1’32’’
B：发言人：当代企业需要认识到回避社会责任会逐渐导致权利的腐蚀。“长远来看，那些没有以社会认为的负责方式去形式权利的，将最终失去权利。”法律对人类机构组织的应用是经过历史的检验的。尽管“长远”意味着可能需要几十年或甚至是几个世纪，但社会最终会减弱权利当它们没有被有责任的利用。
C：因此，一个想要将它的权力维持得尽可能久的公司必须得act responsibly.
削弱
思路1：如何判断有没有responsible?这个衡量标准是？是否会误判?
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.谈论新对象，无关
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.对 思路1
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.排
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.失败 和 失去权力，排
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.不responsibly一定会失去，但R了不代表不会失去





【逻辑链】
1.prep 07-13.    
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
United States manufacturers currently produce most of the world's solar-power generators--most of which are exported to Europe.  However, European manufacturers are emerging and probably will ultimately capture much of the European market.  The United States government is funding initiatives intended to encourage use of solar power within the United States.  If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels, since __________.
38’
B:美国生产商目前生产了世界是大部分的太阳能generator----它们其中大部分出口到欧洲
然而，欧洲生产商正在兴起并且有可能最终占领大部分欧洲市场。
美国政府正提供资金援助去鼓励在美国使用太阳能。如果这些方案成功的增加了美国对太阳能gen的需求，美国生产商可能会继续维持显著的production levels，即使_____________
补全结论
(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years没有转折，排
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did这个的使用效率，和生产无关
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States排---------------------------正确答案
文章逻辑链：美国人民需求↑-？？？？-美国生产水平↑
一定吗？不一定啊！！美国人民是有这个需求，但他们不一定买本国生产的产品啊，他们可以跑去买欧洲的啊
+此答案的进一步翻译就是：美国生产商能在美国市场获得完全垄断----即美国人民只买它们生产的
所以“正如欧洲生产商垄断欧洲市场，美国生产商也可以垄断美国市场”
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe额，感觉对，这段的意思好像就是想强调美国生产商即将失去它们最大的欧洲市场，但。。。---------做错，回顾逻辑链
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited目前美国这个市场很有限，纠结D E -----回顾逻辑链，我觉得题目现在就是要使这个因果成立。所以管你美国需求能不能提升上去，我现在题目考虑的就是 如果我美国人民需求上去了，本土公司产量就会提升，该如何证明这个


2.prep 07-14.    
The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second.  The lung function of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that of nonsmokers.  Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.
Which of the following is an assumption on which this argument depends?
34’
B：一个人血液里某种vitamins & mineral的数量越多，这个人多肺功能越好。肺功能的好坏是通过1s能呼出的空气数量测量的。吸烟者的肺功能平均比不吸烟的人差很多。
C：因此，一种吸烟者增强他们肺功能的方法是多吃富含这些有帮助的V & M.
假设
思路1：架桥 吃这些能使血液里的数量变多
2：取非
(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.错
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.取非：没有比他们好。有一定道理，但不太想选
(C) People whose diets are deficient不足的 in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.其他疾病，无关
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.讲新方法，无关
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.取非：吸烟阻止这些进入血液---所以吃再多也进不去，没用啊，结论错，正确答案

3.prep 07-15. 不难
Astronomer: Observations of the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed that the comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994, but they did not show how big those fragments were.  In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere.  These analyses revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragments' entry. The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur. Since sulfur would have seeped into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
In the astronomer's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
1’11’’
Q：碎片有多大？
B：研究表明在碎片进入之后有史无前例的硫磺的痕迹。碎片本身几乎不含硫，但许多宇航员相信J大气层以下的云层含有硫磺。
C：有可能碎片至少大到能不被烧伤地穿过J 的外大气层
BF题
(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
against的都错，排B C D
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.对

4.prep 07-16.    (27621-!-item-!-188;#058&003223)不难
Most of the world's supply of uranium currently comes from mines.  It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market.  Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.
Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?
32’
B:世界上大部分的铀是来自于矿山。从海水中提取铀也是可能的，但这个成本高于从世界市场上获得。
C：因此，直到这个成本能削减，这个提取方法才会在商业上可行。
削弱
思路1：矿山挖完了，只能从海水里弄
(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted对
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined无关，排
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater增强
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land量多就能挽回高成本吗？排
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from提到新东西，排

gmat冲刺

精炼：B
1.计时46s
2. Premise：
Society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it can must act responsibly
Conclusion:
A business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.
3.猜测：
businesses have ways to pretend that they are responsible even though they are not
4.选项分析
A. Irrelevant, what we discuss here is the business rather than government
B.Correct! If this condition it true, then business can retain its power without responsibity
C. No matter how slowly they erode, they will lose their power one day.
D.Irrelevant, it doesn't hurt the argument
E. Being responsible is the necessity but guarantee

逻辑链:
1、C
33s
Premise:
These initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States
Conclusion:
United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels
猜测：
American like to use solar-generators made in US
2、E
21s
Premise：
The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's ling function
Conclusion:
smokers can improve their lung by increasing their intake of foods that are rich in vitamins
猜测：
smoking does not influence the intake of vitamins
3、E
28s
Premise:
the cloud layer below outer atmosphere contains sulfur; sulfur would have seep into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer
Conclusion:
At least some fragments have passed through the outer atmosphere without being burned up
4、A
25s
Premise:
The cost of the method to extract uranium from seawater is too high
Conclusion:
Until the cost can somehow be reduced, this method is unlikely to be commercially viable
猜测：what if the uranium in mines runs out

echo-LUO

1. 削弱
B:
P: Contemporary business firms need to
recognize that avoiding social responsibility
leads to the gradual erosion of power.
C:Therefore, a
business that wishes to retain its power as long
as it can must act responsibly.
漏洞：并不是充要条件
猜想：act responsibly 不一定会retain power
B

2.
B:
P:?
C:If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels,
猜想：需求增加
E C

3.
B:
P:The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second.
C: Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.
猜想: intake可以被吸收
E

4. 黑脸
B: In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere.
P:The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur.
C: it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
E(NOT SURE)

5. 削弱
B:
P:It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market
C:Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.
猜想:其他方式不需要过多成本
B A

正确率3/5

gumgum330

暂时的公司需要知道避免社会责任会导致逐渐地侵蚀权利。这是dbl：在一段时间内，那些不使用权力在某种社会认为应该用的时候会失去这些权利（就是该使用权利的时候不用就会失去他）这种应用也被社会证实，长期以来那些需要数年甚至百年的例子中，社会最终会减少权力当这种权利被认为没有被负责任的使用因此。那些想要尽可能地维持权力的人只要有责任的使用权力
weaken presume：在一种伪装的状态下不负责任的使用权力 就不会被发现  或者被发现的概率很小
或者即便负责任的留下来了 也一定会存在不负责任的时候  或者他因导致不负责任的公司失去权力
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.---和。。一样受制于law 与结论无关
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.---公共关系能够引起社会去思考一个机构的责任当他不负责的时候 似乎没有啥关系
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.---一些机构的权利比另一些更慢不管他们是否有责任，与结论无关
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.---似乎只有这个沾边
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.和结论只要很好的使用权力就不会失去木有多大关系


美国厂家最近生产大部分世界上的太阳能-大多数是出口欧洲。但是欧洲厂家也在产生可能最终获取许多的欧洲市场美国政府用funding去鼓励使用太阳能如果这些手段成功的增加需求在us'，us厂家最终会maintain重要的生产level，因为

(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years--以偏概全
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did 效率没有提高，似乎还有点与结论方向相反
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States 就像。。。 美国也可以。。 类比 可以
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe欧洲政府采取措施刺激太阳能使用，如果欧洲那些厂商增加供给，美国厂商可能就不会那么多出口了 所以也不一定，所以irrelevant
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited 份额很小，与保持产量似乎有点相反？

assumption
bg：维他命和矿物在血液里越多，liung的功能越好--这种体现在一秒钟人可以呼吸更多的空气
   那些吸烟者的lung功能比那些不吸烟的差因此一种去提高吸烟者lung的功能的办法就是多吃那些富含维生素和矿物质的东西
简化 肺不好吃维生素--肺功能就好了
？？？吃维生素肺就一定会变好吗


(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.吸变好烟者比不吸烟者更少吃那些富含为生的事物？ 似乎和逻辑链没有关系 吃维生素-肺功能
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.那些吸烟者多吃维生素的肺功能通常比bu'xi'yan'zhe'hao？/ 和逻辑链没有关系
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.那些缺少维生素的人通常不会有别的病除了肺功能？？ 更离谱了
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can. 停止吸烟并不会提高肺功能比那些diet
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream. 吸烟并不会引入那些化学会阻碍维生素吸收的化学物质 bingo 这样就有完整的逻辑链了
吸烟者的肺不好那么吃富含维生素的东西并且吸烟并不会阻止维生素吸收，可以改善肺功能


观察发现comet在和j碰撞的时候comet在进入j大气的时候变成了废片，但是这些废片并没有体现这些碎片有多大。希望得到一些关于碎片尺寸的信息，航天员研究了j的大气。这些分析表示前所未有的s在这些碎片进入后这些碎片是没有含s的但是许多天文学家认为j下面的云层是含s的。因为s会进入外部大气如果这些碎片进入这片云层，一些碎片至少足够大穿过j的大气且没有被烧坏这是可能的

第二个是结论 所以acd gone  b反对结论 明显是支持的 所以是e

(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.

大多数世界的u来自矿物。从海水里提取u是可能的但是这种花费比那些来自世界贸易市场上来的贵因此除非cost能够某种程度的减少，这种方法是不可能是商业可行的
consluon：除非减少花费才使用这种工具


(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted陆地上的u是不是正在被快速的用完 可以留着 回答yes的话 那么这种方法即便cost很多也会使用
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined u是不是靠近在他mind的地方 这和是不是用这种方法没有关系
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater 是否有一种科技可以减少提取海水中u的钱 似乎有点靠谱  但是结论中有个somewhat 如果减少的钱还不如somewhat 那么似乎就没关系了
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land 海水中的u是否比land上的多 无关
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater 是否u从淡水中提取的和海水中的花费差不多 无关

第一题精选错了 还要再努力一下