Neurosecretionis the synthesis and release ofhormonesfromneurons.These hormones are normally secreted from nerve cells in the brain that thencirculate into the blood. Theseneurohormonesaresimilar tononneuralendocrinecells and glands in that they also regulateboth endocrine and nonendocrinecells. Neurosecretion cells also releasetheir product farther than normal neurons, which only secrete short distances,into the extracellular spacesome distance from thetarget cell.
2、**通信技术P1：technologicaldevelopment促进许多developingcountry的发展，because the infrastructure 基础设施establishment；但是在developedcountry可能收效甚微，然后讲到底是technologicaldevelopment promotes the growth of the economyor thereverse; P2 有人出来质疑说是是通信帮助经济增长还是经济增长帮助IT发展。就开始举例子，讲一个人叫F什么的一个research的结果农民们原先卖soybean给trader然后trader 再卖个companies 所以trader会赚很多，因为低买高卖； P3 然后一家印度公司ITC不能忍了，用无线技术在村庄搞了个什么点之类的，就能让农民直接卖粮食给公司了。
P4然后大家都开心了，公司收粮价格也低，农民也可以卖高点。 P5最后又回到通信技术帮助经济发展的整体情况上，说手机因为便宜大家都能买。但是互联网需要又电脑才行，所以落后国家的穷人买不起。就说手机和互联网需要不同的商业模式。 Question 1. 有一道主旨题：选项E：solve the question about therelationship between tech development and growth of economy 2. 一题是问为什么ltc之前不跟农民直接收购而是通过traders？选项有什么traders不愿意把农民的位置告诉ltc。 3. 说哪一个削弱文中例子，我选的是当年气候条件不好（所以农作物价格高，商家也会出高价从农民那买） 4. 想起来一个题，问怎么做有助于改变现状？选项就有：提供资金给农民买手机；厂商直接卖给农民电脑；给农民普及网络知识。。。。就这些吧，顺序可能不对定位最后一段 5. 还有道问第一段的作用（第一段末尾楼主记得有个study表明通信技术的发展刺激了经济）:也只有2个选项靠谱（怎么答案都是在2个选项里纠结）有一个是describe这个study怎样怎样什么经济发展还有一个选项是说回答了下面提出的那个问题（就是whether 经济增长促进了通信技术还是通信技术刺激了经济增长） 6. 还有一道是说提到internet 什么作用有个选项是说什么他们的model不一样其他的忘了
确认信息技术那个考古~
In aforthcoming paper*, Aparajita Goyal of the World Bank has carried out acorresponding study for the internet by examining how the gradual introductionof internet kiosks providing price information affected the market forsoyabeans in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Farmers in the region sell their soyabeansto intermediaries in open auctions at government-regulated wholesale marketscalled mandis, a system that was set up in order to protect farmers fromunscrupulous buyers. The intermediaries then sell on the produce tofood-processing companies. Theproblem with this approach for the farmers is that the traders have a farbetter idea about the prices prevailing in different markets and being offeredby processing companies. With only a few traders at each mandi, they can easilycollude to ensure that they pay less than the fair market price; they can thenboost their profits by selling on the beans at a higher price.
ITC Limited, an Indian company that is oneof the largest buyers of soyabeans, felt it was paying over the odds, but wasunable to monitor the traders closely. Starting in October 2000 it began tointroduce a network of internet kiosks, called e-choupal, in villages in MadhyaPradesh. (Choupal means “village gathering place” in Hindi.) By the end of 2004a total of 1,704 kiosks had been set up, each of which served its host villageand four others within a five-kilometre (three-mile) radius. The kiosksdisplayed the minimum and maximum price paid for soyabeans at 60 mandis,updated once a day, along with agricultural information and weather forecasts.ITC also posted the price it was prepared to pay for soyabeans of a particularquality bought direct from farmers at 45 “hubs” (mostly in the same towns asmandis). By setting up the kiosks, ITC enabled farmers to check that the pricesbeing offered at their local mandi were in line with prices elsewhere. It alsogave them the option to sell direct. All this supports the anecdotal evidence thatthe internet can indeed make agricultural markets more efficient, just asmobile phones can. But whereas the expansion of mobile-phone access is nowrapid and commercially self-sustaining—even very poor farmers can benefit fromhaving a phone, and find the money to buy one—the same is not true of theinternet. Its use requires a higher degree of literacy, for one thing, andcomputers cost more than handsets. The e-choupal approach, in which acompany pays for the kiosks, offers one model; another is for entrepreneurs toresell access to the internet from village kiosks, which is how mobile phonesfirst caught on. Ms Qiang’s figures suggest that in the long run, the internetcould have an even greater impact on economic growth than mobile phones did.But that will depend upon finding sustainable business models to encourage itsspread in the poorest parts of the world.
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楼主
发表于 2011-10-14 23:40:00
好棒的说！