探讨：GWD-9-5

Pudding

absolutely E....

A, 題目問的是用什麼方法解決問題, A講的是一直存在的現象, 並不是解決方法啊...

davidcopper

A应该更好，原因一，A选项中的following。本来self-sufficient，但是受地理限制，然而还是仅仅部分依靠贸易，更主要的还是self-sufficient（因为希望更多control），只是拓宽了ss的地理界域而已，不能说你在这里种地是ss，到别处种地就不是ss了。文中有两处转折，所以转回去了。原因二，产供销一条龙，还不ss？原因三，E选项的beyond反。

david_348

大家注意看一下题目，问的是inhabitants of highland；而定位在self－suffient的a选项是指most incas habitants，所以答案明显是e。

本题ets的trick在于题目本身！

liu_9000

倾向E

这里有个对self-sufficient的理解问题. 不知道从高山跑到海边去种地算不算self-sufficient. 但E的beyond 是没错的. within a few days walk of the parent community 是说离parent community有几天的路程, 不等同于within parent community

bigp

哇呀呀，这题真讨厌，A，E都像是对的。哪位阅读大佬来给澄清一下呀。

wangyu73cn

Q4 to Q7:
By the sixteenth century, the Incas of South America ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from what is now Ecuador to central Chile.
南美印加的控制范围。

While most of the Incas were self-sufficient agriculturists, the inhabitants of the highland basins above 9,000 feet were constrained by the kinds of crops they could cultivate.
有部分高地居民受粮食品种所限。

Whereas 95 percent of the principal Andean food crops can be cultivated below 3,000 feet, only 20 percent reproduce readily above 9,000 feet.
在约3000米以上，粮食品种确实有限。

Given this unequal resource distribution, highland Incas needed access to the products of lower, warmer climatic zones in order to enlarge the variety and quantity of their foodstuffs.
因此，高地印加人需要借助地处温暖区域的农产品。

In most of the pre-industrial world, the problem of different resource distribution was resolved by long-distance trade networks over which the end consumer exercised little control.
大多工业前社会通过长途贸易网络来解决资源不均问题，而这种方法中，终端消费者难以发挥控制作用。

Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks, they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible.
尽管高地印加人有上述网络，他们主要尽量依靠在许多生态区域的自我生产。

The commodities produced in these zones were extracted, processed, and transported entirely by members of a single group.
这些区域中的农产品生产环节完全依赖同一组人。

This strategy of direct access to a maximum number of ecological zones by a single group is called vertical economy.
这种方法叫“垂直经济”。

Even today, one can see Andean communities maintaining use rights simultaneously to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet, and to plots of warm-land crops in regions below 6,000 feet.
甚至，这种模式至今仍存。

This strategy has two principal variations.
这种“垂直经济”有两个主要分支。

The first is “compressed verticality,” in which a single village resides in a location that permits easy access to closely located ecological zones.
第一种是“紧凑型”，其中，居民可方便来往居住地和各生态区域之间。

Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent community.
不同区域间与本部只有几天路程。

Community members may reside temporarily in one of the lower zones to manage the extraction of products unavailable in the homeland.
居民可以临时居住在较低区域进行收割。

In the second variation, called the “vertical archipelago,” the village exploits resources in widely dispersed locations, constituting a series of independent production “islands.”
第二种是“孤岛型”，区域分布广泛、独立。

In certain pre-Columbian Inca societies, groups were sent from the home territory to establish permanent satellite communities or colonies in distant tropical forests or coastal locations.
需派出常驻卫星社区。

There the colonists grew crops and extracted products for their own use and for transshipment back to their high-altitude compatriots.
卫星社区生产粮食并供应高低同伴。

In contrast to the compressed verticality system, in this system, commodities rather than people circulated through the archipelago.
这时，就是商品流通，而非人员流动了。

Q5:
According to the passage, the inhabitants of the Andean highlands resolved the problem of unequal resource distribution primarily in which of the following ways?
A. Following self-sufficient agricultural practices.
B. Increasing commodity production from the ecological zones in the highland basins
C. Increasing their reliance on long-distance trade networks
D. Establishing satellite communities throughout the Andean highlands
E. Establishing production forces in ecological zones beyond their parent communities

E是最好答案. 原文中Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks, they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecologicalzones as possible.这句即表明Establishing production forces in ecological zones的内容。而且Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent community.则表明这些区域不在本部内，表明beyond是有依据的。所以选E。

A选项错：While most of the Incas were self-sufficient agriculturists，这种强对比可以反映高地印加人并非self-sufficient agriculturists. 这说明，高地印加人在多个区域分工劳动，这本身就不叫self-sufficient agricultural practices. Autonomous production forces与self-sufficient agricultural practices不是一回事，前者指本区域外部的自主生产，与其他区域有交换和流通；后者是指本区域内部的自给自足，没有或少有与其他区域的交换或流通。虽然高地印加人强调独立自主，但并不是简单的自给自足。

B选项错：highland basins高地盆地只是众多区域之一，以偏概全。同时，高地印加人确实不是通过Increasing commodity production来解决问题的。

C选项错：依靠贸易网，与文章内容直接冲突。

D选项错：建立卫星社区只是方法二，偏。同时，也不是在整个高地上建立，而是从海岸到低地等多区域建立卫星区域。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-1-14 0:46:07编辑过]

lixunhuan

肯定是E.大家考虑一下这文章通篇主要讲的是什么?一帮住在Andean highlands 的土人吃的不够(unequal resouce distribution), 所以派人到各地用不同的方法搜刮粮食(具体是"自己种,从别人处买,或杀人放火地抢..."文章并没有提到).

A中的self-sufficient 只是顺便提一句. 如果真是primarily self-sufficient, 整篇文章除了开头到"self-sufficient ..."几句外,其它全TMD是费话了.但从通篇来看,很明显本文的中心意思并不是这样.

ziwingfong

GWD-9-Q6:

The passage suggests that as a way of addressing the problem of different resource distribution in the preindustrial world, the practice of vertical economy differed from the use of long-distance trade networks in that vertical economy allowed

A. commodities to reach the end consumer faster

B. a wide variety of agricultural goods to reach the end consumer

C. a single group to maintain control over the production process

D. greater access to commodities from lower, warmer climatic zones

E. greater use of self-sufficient agricultural techniques

答案是D，为什么不选C呢？

summersmile

GWD-9-Q5:

According to the passage, the inhabitants of the Andean highlands resolved the problem of unequal resource distribution primarily in which of the following ways?

A. Following self-sufficient agricultural practices (While most of the Incas were self-sufficient agriculturists，the inhabitants of the highland basins above 9,000 feet were constrained by the kinds of crops they could cultivate.)

B. Increasing commodity production from the ecological zones in the highland basins(文中没有说提高生产)

C. Increasing their reliance on long-distance trade networks 反了L24－29

D. Establishing satellite communities throughout the Andean highlands 反：in distant tropical forests or coastal locations

E. Establishing production forces in ecological zones beyond their parent communities

GWD-9-Q6:

The passage suggests that as a way of addressing the problem of different resource distribution in the preindustrial world, the practice of vertical economy differed from the use of long-distance trade networks in that vertical economy allowed

A. commodities to reach the end consumer faster 无

B. a wide variety of agricultural goods to reach the end consumer 无

C. a single group to maintain control over the production process (文中没有提到生产过程)

D. greater access to commodities from lower, warmer climatic zones

E. greater use of self-sufficient agricultural techniques 无

gmat318

gwd 9 - Q4-7 的答案到底是什么?

我的是B, E, D, D.  

9-Q6 在网上找到的答案有给C的, 不对吧? 是D吧?  

9-Q7的呢? 网上给答案A, 应该是D吧?

请确认. 谢谢.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-7 6:42:14编辑过]