SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（四）Role (Boldface)

iamsarah

受益颇多

cyvivi

为什么我用了方法后，错误率高了？是不是我还没有完全搞懂啊。。

kimiorange

8. The survival of the publishing industry depends upon the existence of a public who will buy the printed word in the form of newspapers, books and magazines. Over the past several years, however, the advance of electronic media, particularly CD-ROMs, online computer services, and the Internet, has made information available to the public electronically without the need for printed materials. As the availability of electronic media increases and as it is more easily accessible, the public has less need for printed materials. So the publishing industry is threatened by the advance of the computer information age.

The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is the part of evidence that the argument includes, the second is the conclusion that can be drawn only from the first.
(B) The first is the second-premise that the argument includes; the second is the conclusion that is reasonably drawn form this passage.
(C) The first is the second-premise that the argument includes, the second is the inference that must be drawn from this argument.
(D) The first is the fact that must be true, the second is the inference that can be correctly drawn from this argument.
(E) The first is the part of premise that the argument depends on; the second is the conclusion that is incorrectly drawn from this argument

Premise:
1) The availability of electronic media increases.
2) The electronic media is more easily accessible.

Conclusion:
The public has less need for printed materials.

The first two sentences, including the 1st BF, are just background info. The last sentence, which is the 2nd BF, is an inference extended from the conclusion. D) is the correct answer.

B) is wrong because 1st BF is not the premise.

The above is the "official" explanation.

My answer would be:

Premise:
1) The survival of the publishing industry depends upon the existence of a public who will buy the printed word in the form of newspapers, books and magazines.
2) As the availability of electronic media increases and as it is more easily accessible, the public has less need for printed materials.

Conclusion:
So the publishing industry is threatened by the advance of the computer information age.

1st BF: evidence to support the premise
2nd BF: Conclusion.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/21 1:36:12)

I have figured out the same answer as yours.

xuyuanwai

我总觉得这些题目比我做的PREP和OG要迷惑很多

xuyuanwai

用了方法后，错误率50%。之前自己做的时候都只有20%不到的错误率。而且这些题目好像好难啊

xuyuanwai

不过要承认，斑竹讲得很专业，可能是我没有吃透

evayih

Dear Sdcar,

Besides the premise and conclusion(I can discern them now thanks to your posts! ),  some other components such as Fact, Principle, Consideration, Prediction and Evidence often shows up in the options.

I found these terms quite confusing, would you please explain more about those components?

-- by 会员 perain (2011/6/20 11:39:52)

An argument has at least two components: a premise and a conclusion.

The conclusion is supported directly by the premise.

The premise can be supported by Evidence: The followings can be used as evidence to support a premise: statistical studies, historical information, physical evidence, observations, or experiments, eyewitness accounts, news reports, etc.

Opinion or viewpoint or assertion is a statement to affirm or deny a proposition.

Fact: A summary of what happened or what was observed.

Principle: A rule which governs actions.

Prediction: A guess of what might happen in the future

Consideration: A factor to be considered when forming a judgment or making a decision.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/22 12:04:02)

Brief Encounter!  Thx!~

weiweilehaha

谢谢楼主！
请问第一部分题中的第三题
C) The first is the part of premise that the argument includes; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(D) The first is the part of evidence that supports this argument; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
这两个选项evidence和premise表示的有什么区别？

sdcar2010

Premise: An assumption; A presupposition. This is usually a required statement to arrive at a conclusion. Evidence and facts want to prove something to you whereas premises are there to logically lead you to a conclusion.
Evidence: The basis for belief or disbelief.  What is used to support a conclusion (examples, stats, historical events). Although these may include facts, it is usually stronger than facts because they are direct elements needed for the conclusion to stand whereas facts are not necessary for the latter to stand.

In other words, premise is part of an argument while evidence is NOT part of an argument.  In stead, evidence is something OUTSIDE the argument and supports the argument.

Other related definitions:

Inference: Logical judgement on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation.
Fact: A piece of information presented as having objective reality.
Consideration: Information that should be kept in mind (while making a decision). Something which was taken into account or given some thought before arriving to the conclusion.

谢谢楼主！
请问第一部分题中的第三题
C) The first is the part of premise that the argument includes; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(D) The first is the part of evidence that supports this argument; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
这两个选项evidence和premise表示的有什么区别？

-- by 会员 weiweilehaha (2012/12/30 21:23:30)

cuteyaoyao

Thanks a lot. Before I did some problems just depending on my intuition, I know how to analyze the structure of the problems according to your lecture! Thanks, Scar! XD