gwd 3-15

z520m

gmat题目一个鲜明的特点就是所有信息要从文中获得，要从the Court’s assertion of a virtually unlimited unilateral power of Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate) over Native American affairs推出E还是需要附加信息的。难道最高法院赋予congress权利就可以推出native American不能挑战congress的权利了吗？这个推导不能根据文中信息推得，所以E超越了文中的讨论范围。但是，C也有点问题。这个needed to有问题，因为在1987年federal就不需要agreement with tribes了，只是federal还是继续这么做而已。讨论太久，希望能出个结果。

透明萝卜

支持C

junguo21c

support c

wingkim

以下是引用vacationer在2005-8-31 10:19:00的发言：

According to the passage, which of the following resulted from the Lone Wolf decision?

E. Native American tribes were no longer able to challenge congressional actions by appealing to the Supreme Court.

我觉得E太绝对了, 而且这里的congressional actions不仅仅指文中的action吧.

另外,61楼对美国法律体系的理解有偏差

同感，我把这个作为放弃E的理由，况且考试中我们根本没法在那么短缺时间的情况下进行那么深入的思考。

vironica_ee

it's possible to appeal again. but they(tribes) will fail according to the case. so, it's C

merci2006

sorry, buddies I choose E, although at first glance I done with C.

the last sentence of the article is:

The Lone Wolf decision ended this

era of formal negotiation and finally

did away with what had increasingly

become the empty formality of obtain-

ing tribal consent.

pay more attention to finally, empty formality...

vanessav

"did away had become increasingly empty formality... "

意味着 that there is no need to obtain the tribal consent, 但是15题的问题是"according to the passage.".

根据OG 对此类问题的explanation, this "according" to the passage,指的一定是文中explictly指出的。而不是inference。

文章最后的这句话，可以推出E，但是只能算是infer出来的吧。

我做题的时候也在考虑c还是e。而根据“

The Lone Wolf decision ended this

era of formal negotiation ……”

我觉得，C反而更加合适些

本来这些题目就是没有一个所谓的正确答案的。

都是best answer。

希望大家继续讨论

只是不知道考试的时候遇到这样的情况要选什么。

不过还有一个问题是，似乎这一题还要看看文章的第一句

In its 1903 decision in the case

       of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United

       States Supreme Court rejected the

Line       efforts of three Native American tribes

  (5)      to prevent the opening of tribal lands

to non-Indian settlement without tribal

consent. 

鉴于美国最高法院有着至高无上的权力，唯一能对美宪法进行解释，最高法院在“lone wolf”

中否决了indian tribes的请求，这样说来，他们也是没有办法了。

说明这个 Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock case 其实就是印第安tribes 上诉的case，结果被rejected了。所以，他们也就没有机会再上诉了。

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-9 3:11:23编辑过]

shouyang12

15选E

C. The federal government no longer needed to conclude a formal agreement with a Native American tribe in order to carry out policy decisions that affected the tribe.
    

“in order to carry out policy decisions that affected the tribe. ”原文没有提及

kathy8446

今天重看这题，又有了新的发现。我觉得排除E可以从题干和原文的用词入手。

受3楼tianwanNN帖子的启发，发现E几乎是原文L8-13的同义改写（unlimited unilateral power对应不能challenge）。

E.Native American tribes were no longer able to challenge congressional actions by appealing to the Supreme Court.

原文L8－13: Blue Clark properly emphasizes the Court’s assertion of a virtually unlimited unilateral power of Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate) over Native American affairs. 

但是：

题干 resulted from the Lone Wolf decision

而原文L8－13说 Blue Clark properly emphasizes the Court’s assertion of   

从原文我们只能看出LW体现了Congress的这种power，但没有任何证据表明LW导致了这种power，由此推出这句话的同义改写E是错误的。

况且原文只是说power over Native American Affairs. NA还是可以就其他问题进行challenge的吧。

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-15 17:28:53编辑过]

ecochem

题干写是according to the passage,那C可以直接从原文定位给出

但E需要推理呀，转弯呀，在这么短的时间里，这也不是出题人的本意

支持C