gwd 8 7

barmecide

同意7 C，9 B

7A问题主要是"产生出乎意料的结果"这句话，是出乎谁的意料呢？公司的管理的目的很明确，申请专利是要避免侵权诉送，阻碍对手生产。文章没有提到公司的管理层预期到用了这个策略专利质量会上升，所以谈不到出乎意料的问题。如果说出乎分析家的预料，文章中也没有在公司使用这种策略前分析家预料公司的专利质量会提高。因此，没有预料当然就没有出乎意料可谈

9A的问题是文章只明确提到雇员有80年代平均专利质量下降的共识，90年代早期的专利质量没有任何提及，因此无从对比。另外即使勉强把decade later理解成大约数字，可以算在80年代时间段的后期，因为文章提到的是平均质量，因此也无法推断，80年早期就一定比后期强。

melodyji

以下是引用readytosayno在2004-10-5 13:31:00的发言：

偶也觉得,一开始选成C了,但是细读了几遍,发现整篇文章还都是围绕着两个人的study来写的.先是关于专利与创新的study,然后是关于专利与引用的study.并且study的结果都是unanticipated的,所以应该选A,才是最佳的.C并不全面啊.

agree

细读---- 选A

fchn951

7A问题主要是"产生出乎意料的结果"就是文章的第一二句话。所以选A。文章根本就没有谈什么connection between patenting and innovation。而且其它选项都有1982－1992的这个实验，说明这个实验不单单是个example那么简单，它是文章的主要点。文章要谈的是专利本来是用来鼓励冒险创新，但－1992的这个实验表明它没有，这就是出乎意料的结果。

The system of patentgranting,

which confers

temporary monopolies for

Line  the exploitation of new tech-

(5)   nologies, was originally

established as an incentive

to the pursuit of risky new

ideas. Yet studies of the

most patent-conscious

(10)  business of all—the semiconductor

industry—suggest

that firms do not necessarily

become more innovative as

they increase their patenting

(15)  activity

fchn951

GWD-8-Q7:

The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results

B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process

C. the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992

D. reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992

E. certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting activity in the semiconductor industry

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q8:

The passage suggests which of the following about patenting in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 ?

A. The declining number of citations per semiconductor patent in the technical literature undermines the notion that patenting activity increased during this period.

B. A decline in patent quality forced firms to change the way they managed the patenting process.

C. Increased efficiencies allowed firms to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures.

D. Firms’ emphasis on filing patents for strategic purposes may have contributed to a decline in patent quality.

E. Firms’ attempts to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures may have contributed to a decline in infringement suites.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q9:

The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.

B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.

C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.

D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.

E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q10:

Which of the following, if true, would most clearly serve to weaken the author’s claim about what constitutes a reasonable yardstick for measuring patent quality?

A. It is more difficult to have an article accepted for publication in the technical literature of the semiconductor industry than it is in the technical literature of most other industries

B. Many of the highest-quality semiconductor patents are cited numerous times in the technical literature

C. It is difficult for someone not familiar with the technical literature to recognize what constitutes an innovative semiconductor patent

D. There were more citations made per semiconductor patent in the technical literature in the 1970’s than in the 1980’s

E. Low-quality patents tend to be discussed in the technical literature as frequently as high-quality patents.

答案ADAE

xiao_zhutou

看来看去好像Q7还是没有定论啊...真是公说公有理，婆说婆有理。越看越晕

jade_lee

以下是引用麻集爱在2004-6-16 12:58:00的发言：

Q7 to Q10:
The system of patentgranting,
which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas. Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity. Ziedonis and Hall,
for example, found that
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting. Instead,
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
7
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined. Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
(40) the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s. This decline in
(45) quality may be related to
changes in the way semiconductor
firms managed
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips to ward
(55) off infringement suites or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q7:
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing
A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during
the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results
B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that
advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process
C. the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry
during the period from 1982 to 1992
D. reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor
industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992
E. certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting
activity in the semiconductor industry
Answer: a

my answer b  我做了两遍. 确认应该是b 为什么呢 .

I choose C , although it is not prefect.

I ruled out A because A said "A study suggesting...." while I think that "the suggesting" was made by the arther, not by the study in which only two findings were mentioned.

wangyu73cn

以下是引用jade_lee在2005-6-23 21:52:00的发言：

I choose C , although it is not prefect.

I ruled out A because A said "A study suggesting...." while I think that "the suggesting" was made by the arther, not by the study in which only two findings were mentioned.

我觉得A中的study也可以表明the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results 的内容吧

ring_cheng

My two cents:

GWD-8-Q7 :

The passage is primarily concerned with discussing （文章说的是什么-内容性主题题，找TS）

Yet studies of the

most patent-conscious

(10)             business of all—the semi-

conductor industry—suggest

that firms do not necessarily

become more innovative as

they increase their patenting

(15)    activity.

A. study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results —>a study是主题句中studies中的一个（这两人的研究）；包括了文末的原因，并说出了结果（活动增加但没有创新）与文章开头相呼应

C.  the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992  —>仅仅只是联系connection吗（专利活动增加但没有创新的connection）？文章最后还分析了原因，但该原因并没有包括在connection中（没有概括全文内容）

pengpengming

Q7:A 举双手双脚赞同楼上

无论如何不能接受C中的connection

jaredyu

第七题应该选A.

A中study在文章的主题句中出现，而且关于专利质量的下降与专利申请策略的关系，文章用了“This decline in(45) quality may be related to changes in the way semiconductor firms managed their patenting process:”应该可以看出是一个意外的发现。

C中的connection是一个很明显的错误，文章不只是讨论connection，还分析了专利质量下降的原因。