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第三步，其他手段
通过上述例子，我们可以发现，从语法和逻辑的角度可以帮助我们解决一些指代的问题，但是好像还不够。比如OG164:
164. The commission proposed that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year, is obtained through a local bond issue.
(B)that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be
(E)development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be
Choice B is best. Choice A attaches the relative clause which could be open ... to the noun development, when, in fact, it is the park that could be open. Choice C omits that, the object of proposed that is needed to introduce the clause describing the proposal. C also uses to be unidiomatically where be is correct: the commission proposed [that] funding ... to be obtained is wrong. Choice D incorrectly uses perhaps open to the public ... to modify development; the phrase should modify park. Choice E, which seriously distorts meaning, says that the commission proposed development funding and that such funding could be open to the public ....
在查找了一些资料后，我发现，当which的潜在指代对象是一个独立的主语结构或独立的宾语结构时，且其指代对象的修饰成分比较简单（这点，好像tianwan也有指出），那么定语侧重于指代核心名词（在没有语法和逻辑问题的前提下）。
（所谓独立结构，就是其在句中不是由其他从句引导出来的。比如：A do B，A/B如果都是名词结构的话，则他们都是独立结构；而A do that B … 则B是由宾语从句引导出来的名词，我就认为B不是独立结构）
比如：OG164的E，sb proposed + development funding for the park，红色部分就是一个独立的宾语结构，核心词是funding。
再比如：X50.
As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.
Its rudimentary sense of vision 就是一个独立的主语结构。
再比如：V114.
From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or …
a canoe作为修饰对象，也是一个独立的宾语结构。
再比如：X229.
…many others in the film industry, however, contend that the technique degrades major works of art, which they liken to putting lipstick on a Greek statue.
Major works of art 也是一个独立的宾语结构（不过其存在于宾语从句中）
再比如：233解释
Both D and E fail to use and to introduce the last item in the list, which is sleeping in these constructions.
虽然从逻辑上我们可以判断，但是item也同时是一个独立的宾语结构。
反之，我们看下面的例题：
X38.
Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.
核心名词是concentrations，而且，其也是一个独立的宾语结构，但是concentrations后有of/in/of三个表示不同复数成分的介词短语修饰，which的指代就倾向于就近名词。
再比如：V164.
The commission proposed that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be obtained through a local bond issue.
Funding在成分上虽然是核心名词，但是，他是由宾语从句引导出来的名词，且funding后有for/of两个介词修饰，所以，从句倾向就近修饰。
再比如：
X164. The commission proposed that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year, is obtained through a local bond issue.
虽然funding后只有for一个介词修饰，funding在成分上虽然是核心名词，但是，他是由宾语从句引导出来的名词，所以，从句倾向就近修饰。
[此贴子已经被作者于2004-6-8 8:55:33编辑过] | 
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发表于 2004-6-8 03:23:00
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