一些逻辑问题的分析

alicejingli

求教了。谢谢楼住

90. A new law gives ownership of patents—documents providing exclusive right to make and sell an invention—to universities, not the government, when those patents result from government-sponsored university research. Administrators at Logos University
plan to sell any patents they acquire to corporations in order to fund programs to improve undergraduate teaching.Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the viability of the college administrators’ plan described above?
(A) Profit-making corporations interested in developing products based on patents held by
universities are likely to try to serve as exclusive sponsors of ongoing university research
projects.
(B) Corporate sponsors of research in university facilities are entitled to tax credits under new
federal tax-code guidelines.
(C) Research scientists at Logos University
have few or no teaching responsibilities and participate little if at all in the undergraduate programs in their field.(D) Government-sponsored research conducted at Logos University
for the most part duplicatesresearch already completed by several profitmaking corporations.
(E) Logos University
is unlikely to attract corporate sponsorship of its scientific research.削弱题评价措施，我的问题就是为何不能选E？这种题解的思路：肯定措施但目的达不到。
那这个大学不能吸引投资不就是说他自己吸引投资的目的达不到吗？

2)一般的削弱题：
30. Robot satellites relay important communications and identify weather patterns. Because the satellites can be repaired only in orbit, astronauts are needed to repair them. Without repairs, the satellites would eventually malfunction. Therefore, space flights carrying astronauts must continue.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above?
(A) Satellites falling from orbit because of malfunctions burn up in the atmosphere.
(B) Although satellites are indispensable in the identification of weather patterns, weather
forecasters also make some use of computer projections to identify weather patterns.
(C) The government, responding to public pressure, has decided to cut the budget for space flights
and put more money into social welfare programs.
(D) Repair of satellites requires heavy equipment, which adds to the amount of fuel needed to lift
a spaceship carrying astronauts into orbit.
(E) Technical obsolescence of robot satellites makes repairing them more costly and less practical than sending new, improved satellites into orbit.
选项A是加强，B虽然削弱了但是错在没有从原推论！所以无关（有无关信息weatherforecasts）
C无关，D也是无关
In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another when they retired, the percentage who retired to Florida
has decreased by three percentage points over the past ten years. Since many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees, these declines are likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses and therefore on the economy of Florida.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument given?
(A) People who moved from one state to another when they retired moved a greater distance,
on average, last year than such people did ten years ago.
(B) People were more likely to retire to North Carolina from another state last year than people were ten years ago.
(C) The number of people who moved from one state to another when they retired has increased
signifi cantly over the past ten years.
(D) The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another state was greater last year than it was ten years ago.
(E) Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire than does
any other state.
削弱题，我选E，但答案是C。原文说;florida的退休人在下降，所以florida经济下降。我的思路是否定结论然后FLORIDA会吸引别的州的人来。那这样FLORIDA的经济不会下降。
所以为啥不能选e？


3)事实原因类
35. Last year the rate of inflation was 1.2 percent, but for the current year it has been 4 percent. We can conclude that inflation is on an upward trend and the rate will be still higher next year.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a representative sample of economic data rather than all of the available data.
(B) Last year a dip in oil prices brought inflation temporarily below its recent stable annual level of 4 percent.
(C) Increases in the pay of some workers are tied to the level of inflation, and at an inflation rate of4 percent or above, these pay raises constitute a force causing further inflation.
(D) The 1.2 percent rate of inflation last year represented a 10-year low.
(E) Government intervention cannot affect the rate of inflation to any significant degree.
削弱题，属于事实原因类。思路否定结论，用新的原因解释事实。那我的问题就是a为啥不对？A:数据没有代表性，只是选取了部分不是整体。所以这也能解释未来通胀不会高

小镜mm

21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?
(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
楼主，我又来麻烦你了。
这里的A也可以是反削弱阿，如果所有的mercury会被身体排除，那么就不可能在贝多芬身体找到mercury，那么结论就不成立了。为什么不可以阿？

futureflow

楼主过来瞧瞧嘞~     http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-489422-1-1.html
       
                                 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-489420-1-1.html

futureflow

多谢多谢~  哈哈哈哈  

aomeisoft7

PharmaCorp, which manufactures the drug Aidistan, claims that Aidistan is more effective than the drug Betatol in treating Puma Syndrome.
To support its claim PharmaCorp cites the fact that one of every two victims of Puma Syndrome is treated successfully with Aidistan alone, as opposed to one out of every three treated with Betatol alone.
However, PharmaCorp's claim can not be taken seriously, in light of the fact that the presence of Gregg's Syndrome has been known to render Puma Syndrome more resistant to any treatment.

Which of the following, if true, would most support the allegation that PharmaCorp's claim can not be taken seriously?

A)Among people who suffer from both Puma Syndrome and Gregg's Syndrome, fewer are treated with Aidistan than with Betatol.
B)Among people who suffer from both Puma Syndrome and Gregg's Syndrome, fewer are treated with Betatol than with Aidistan.
C)Gregg's Syndrome reduces Aidistan's effectiveness in treating Puma Syndrome more than Betatol's effectiveness in treating the same syndrome.
D)Betatol is less effective than Aidistan in treating Gregg's Syndrome.
E)Neither Aidistan nor Betatol is effective in treating Gregg's Syndrome.

这道题我选的是C，可是答案是A；我觉得C也很有道理阿。。。麻烦楼主看看~多谢啦

-- by 会员 sjoe23 (2010/10/8 22:55:50)

厂家认为 Aidistan 比 Betatol 药 治疗Puma Syndrome更有效。因为 单独使用Aidistan治愈率1/2，单独使用Betatol治愈率1/3。然而，作者反对，因为Gregg's Syndrome使Puma Syndrome更难治，有抗药性。
求反对厂家，支持作者


A)Among people who suffer from both Puma Syndrome and Gregg's Syndrome, fewer are treated with Aidistan than with Betatol.
同时患有Gregg和Puma的人，更多的人使用Betatol。（说明Betatol比Aidistan有效，因为Gregg使Puma变的更难治了）


C)Gregg's Syndrome reduces Aidistan's effectiveness in treating Puma Syndrome more than Betatol's effectiveness in treating the same syndrome.
Gregg减少Aidistan的药效 比减少Betatol的药效多。
（只说G减少了药效，但是减少药效后的aidistan和betatol的药效还是无法比较。比如Aidistan初始有50%药效，减了20%，还有30%的药效。Betatol初始有33%的药效，减了10%药效，剩下23%的药效。最后Aidistan还是比Betatol有用。一定程度上还支持了厂家。

aomeisoft7

求教了。谢谢楼住

90. A new law gives ownership of patents—documents providing exclusive right to make and sell an invention—to universities, not the government, when those patents result from government-sponsored university research. Administrators at Logos University
plan to sell any patents they acquire to corporations in order to fund programs to improve undergraduate teaching.Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the viability of the college administrators’ plan described above?
(A) Profit-making corporations interested in developing products based on patents held by
universities are likely to try to serve as exclusive sponsors of ongoing university research
projects.
(B) Corporate sponsors of research in university facilities are entitled to tax credits under new
federal tax-code guidelines.
(C) Research scientists at Logos University
have few or no teaching responsibilities and participate little if at all in the undergraduate programs in their field.(D) Government-sponsored research conducted at Logos University
for the most part duplicatesresearch already completed by several profitmaking corporations.
(E) Logos University
is unlikely to attract corporate sponsorship of its scientific research.削弱题评价措施，我的问题就是为何不能选E？这种题解的思路：肯定措施但目的达不到。
那这个大学不能吸引投资不就是说他自己吸引投资的目的达不到吗？

2)一般的削弱题：
30. Robot satellites relay important communications and identify weather patterns. Because the satellites can be repaired only in orbit, astronauts are needed to repair them. Without repairs, the satellites would eventually malfunction. Therefore, space flights carrying astronauts must continue.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above?
(A) Satellites falling from orbit because of malfunctions burn up in the atmosphere.
(B) Although satellites are indispensable in the identification of weather patterns, weather
forecasters also make some use of computer projections to identify weather patterns.
(C) The government, responding to public pressure, has decided to cut the budget for space flights
and put more money into social welfare programs.
(D) Repair of satellites requires heavy equipment, which adds to the amount of fuel needed to lift
a spaceship carrying astronauts into orbit.
(E) Technical obsolescence of robot satellites makes repairing them more costly and less practical than sending new, improved satellites into orbit.
选项A是加强，B虽然削弱了但是错在没有从原推论！所以无关（有无关信息weatherforecasts）
C无关，D也是无关
In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another when they retired, the percentage who retired to Florida
has decreased by three percentage points over the past ten years. Since many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees, these declines are likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses and therefore on the economy of Florida.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument given?
(A) People who moved from one state to another when they retired moved a greater distance,
on average, last year than such people did ten years ago.
(B) People were more likely to retire to North Carolina from another state last year than people were ten years ago.
(C) The number of people who moved from one state to another when they retired has increased
signifi cantly over the past ten years.
(D) The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another state was greater last year than it was ten years ago.
(E) Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire than does
any other state.
削弱题，我选E，但答案是C。原文说;florida的退休人在下降，所以florida经济下降。我的思路是否定结论然后FLORIDA会吸引别的州的人来。那这样FLORIDA的经济不会下降。
所以为啥不能选e？


3)事实原因类
35. Last year the rate of inflation was 1.2 percent, but for the current year it has been 4 percent. We can conclude that inflation is on an upward trend and the rate will be still higher next year.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a representative sample of economic data rather than all of the available data.
(B) Last year a dip in oil prices brought inflation temporarily below its recent stable annual level of 4 percent.
(C) Increases in the pay of some workers are tied to the level of inflation, and at an inflation rate of4 percent or above, these pay raises constitute a force causing further inflation.
(D) The 1.2 percent rate of inflation last year represented a 10-year low.
(E) Government intervention cannot affect the rate of inflation to any significant degree.
削弱题，属于事实原因类。思路否定结论，用新的原因解释事实。那我的问题就是a为啥不对？A:数据没有代表性，只是选取了部分不是整体。所以这也能解释未来通胀不会高

-- by 会员 alicejingli (2010/10/8 23:35:15)

90.  一定要找准题干的结论
结论是：Administrators at Logos University
plan to sell any patents they acquire to corporations in order to fund programs to improve undergraduate teaching.


(E) Logos University
is unlikely to attract corporate sponsorship of its scientific research.削弱题评价措施，我的问题就是为何不能选E？这种题解的思路：肯定措施但目的达不到。（思路是对的）
那这个大学不能吸引投资不就是说他自己吸引投资的目的达不到吗？（这句话的理解有误，正确翻译是：不能吸引投资者对 科学研究 进行投资。题干说的是卖专利，不是支持研究）


OG的解释应该很清楚了，E The plan concerns selling patents resulting from government-sponsored research, not attracting
corporate sponsorship for research.


30，卫星的那题是选E，你做的是对的，有什么疑问？


下一题，关键是 the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased ，一旦有percentage出现，另外需要知道的信息肯定是total number
本题的结论是说move to Florida的人比例减少，会对经济有影响；D说虽然比例减小，但是基数变大，到Florida的人未必减小，所以削弱了结论
(E) Florida attracts more people 这个more people 到底有多少也不清楚，多了1个人也是多啊，所以没有削弱力


35. 请仔细读题干
(A) The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a representative sample of economic data rather than all of the available data

已经很明确说是有代表性的样本了，基本的经济学知识应该知道吧，计算通胀率就是算一篮子代表物品的价格升幅，不可能所以的商品都计算进去的。A是支持

aomeisoft7

21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?
(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
楼主，我又来麻烦你了。
这里的A也可以是反削弱阿，如果所有的mercury会被身体排除，那么就不可能在贝多芬身体找到mercury，那么结论就不成立了。为什么不可以阿？

-- by 会员 小镜mm (2010/10/9 0:04:28)

if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.
如果找到了mercury，就能下结论贝多芬得了病。


(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
没有一个mercury在体内会排除。
这里的A也可以是反削弱阿，如果所有的mercury会被身体排除，那么就不可能在贝多芬身体找到mercury，那么结论就不成立了。为什么不可以阿？（你的取非是不对的，“没有一个mercury会排除”=“所有的mercury进入体内就必须留下来”，取非应该是"可能有的mercury会排除"。就是说即使贝多芬体内的mercury被排除一部分，只要找到了剩存的，还是会支持结论的。所以这个选项不是假设）


(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
B取非就是：所有的人都吸收mercury,那贝多芬体内就肯定不可能有mercury了。


关于取非，某NN总结如下：
全称肯定 (Everybody Did) 和特称否定(Somebody Did NOT)是矛盾关系
全称否定(Everybody did NOT=nobody did) 和特称肯定(Somebody did)是矛盾关系。

ellenxiangyuan

觉得做逻辑时间特别的紧，除了熟练以为还有什么技巧可以提速的么

aomeisoft7

楼主过来瞧瞧嘞~     http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-489422-1-1.html
       
                                 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-489420-1-1.html

-- by 会员 futureflow (2010/10/9 0:40:37)

已回~~

aomeisoft7

觉得做逻辑时间特别的紧，除了熟练以为还有什么技巧可以提速的么

-- by 会员 ellenxiangyuan (2010/10/9 10:15:13)

除了熟练还是熟练..
实战的话看下寂静吧..